Haplogroup C-M48

Haplogroup C-M48 (C2b1b)
Possible time of origin 3,500 [95% CI 300–19,700] years before present[1] or 2,750 ± 1,370 years before present[2]
Possible place of origin perhaps Mongolia or the Lake Baikal region[2]
Ancestor C-F1699 (C2b1)
Defining mutations M48, M77, M86
Highest frequencies Kazakhs 57%[3]-63%,[4] Oroqen 42%[5]-68%,[6] Evenks 44%[7]-71%,[2] Evenks 27%[5]-70%,[8] Udegey 60%,[9] Negidal 20%[9]-100%,[9] Evens 5%[10]-61%,[6] Itelmen 39%,[9] Ulchi/Nanai 38%,[9] Kalmyks 37%,[11] Nivkhs 35%,[9] Koryaks 33%,[9] Yukaghir 23%,/>[8] Mongolians 18%[6]-46%[3] (Uriankhai 33%, Zakhchin 30%, Khalkh 15%, Khoton 10%[1]), Tuvans 7%[3]-20%,[9] Hezhe 11%,[5] Kyrgyz 8%[3]-12%[4]


Haplogroup C-M48 also known as C2b1b is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

It is found frequently amongst members of Central Asian peoples, such as the Koryaks, Evenks, Evens, and Yukaghirs.

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 Toru Katoh, Batmunkh Munkhbat, Kenichi Tounai et al., Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis, Gene (2004)
  2. 1 2 3 Karafet TM, Osipova LP, Gubina MA, Posukh OL, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (December 2002). "High levels of Y-chromosome differentiation among native Siberian populations and the genetic signature of a boreal hunter-gatherer way of life". Hum. Biol. 74 (6): 761–89. doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0006. PMID 12617488.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, et al. (August 2001). "The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (18): 10244–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. PMC 56946. PMID 11526236.
  4. 1 2 Zerjal T, Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Tyler-Smith C (September 2002). "A genetic landscape reshaped by recent events: Y-chromosomal insights into central Asia". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71 (3): 466–82. doi:10.1086/342096. PMC 419996. PMID 12145751.
  5. 1 2 3 Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W, et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics 172 (4): 2431–9. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC 1456369. PMID 16489223.
  6. 1 2 3 Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, et al. (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.
  7. ↑ Karafet T, Xu L, Du R, et al. (September 2001). "Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 (3): 615–28. doi:10.1086/323299. PMC 1235490. PMID 11481588.
  8. 1 2 Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M (October 2006). "Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts". Hum. Genet. 120 (3): 334–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2. PMID 16845541.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lell JT, Sukernik RI, Starikovskaya YB, et al. (January 2002). "The dual origin and Siberian affinities of Native American Y chromosomes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (1): 192–206. doi:10.1086/338457. PMC 384887. PMID 11731934.
  10. ↑ Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Stoneking M (July 2007). "Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: inferences from mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 133 (3): 1013–27. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20590. PMID 17492671.
  11. ↑ Nasidze I, Quinque D, Dupanloup I, Cordaux R, Kokshunova L, Stoneking M (December 2005). "Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 128 (4): 846–54. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20159. PMID 16028228.


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