Harold Frost

Harold M. Frost (1921 – 19 June 2004) was an US-American orthopedist and surgeon considered to be one of the most important researchers and theorists in the field of bone biology and bone medicine of his time.^[1][2][3] He published nearly 500 peer-reviewed scientific and clinical articles and 16 Books and is according to the Science Citation Index one of the most cited investigators in skeletal research.^[1]

Life

He received his medical degree from Geisel School of Medicine and Feinberg School of Medicine in 1945. He then did his surgical internship in Worcester, Massachusetts . During this time he was Officer in the Naval Medical Corps from 1946-1948. He then did his residency in Orthopedic Surgery in Buffalo General and Children's Hospital, NY from 1948 to 1953. In 1955, he became an Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Yale School of Medicine . He eventually moved to Detroit at Henry Ford Hospital where he became the founder and Director of the Orthopedic Research Laboratory. He remained the director until 1973 and also took on the Chairman position of the department from 1966 until 1972. .

During his time at the Henry Ford Hospital, Dr. Frost made many breakthroughs, which changed the paradigm of bone biology.

Career

His main academic inputs included:^[1]

• Development of Bone Histomorphometry for description of cellular based bone formation and Bone resorption processes
• the eleventh rip Biopsy used for diagnosis of metabolic Bone diseases
• Research on the multi-cellular unit as a key to bone metabolism
• the experimental proof that Estrogen reduces bone formation
• the histological proof of micro-damages in human bone biopsies
• the basic model of the adaptation of the Growth plate to mechanical stress
• the Utah-Paradigm of Bone physiology (Mechanostat-Theorem), an enhancement of Wolff's law stating that Bone adapts to mechanical stress and that hence there is a close link between muscle and bone

Books by Harold M. Frost

• Bone remodelling dynamics, The Henry Ford Hospital surgical monographs, Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1963
• The laws of bone structure, The Henry Ford Hospital surgical monographs, Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1964
• Mathematical Elements of Lamellar Bone Remodelling, The Henry Ford Hospital surgical monographs, Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1964
• Bone biodynamics, Henry Ford Hospital international symposium, [14], Little, Brown (Boston) 1964
• The bone dynamics in osteoporosis and osteomalacia, The Henry Ford Hospital surgical monographs, Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1966
• An introduction to biomechanics, Surgical monographs, Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1967, 0398028249
• Orthopaedic surgery in spasticity (Orthopaedic lectures Vol. 1), Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1972
• The physiology of cartilaginous, fibrous, and bony tissue (Orthopaedic lectures Vol. 2), Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1972, ISBN 0-398-02562-2
• Bone remodeling and its relationship to metabolic bone diseases (Orthopaedic lectures Vol. 3), Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1973, ISBN 0-398-02588-6
• Bone modeling and skeletal modeling errors (Orthopaedic lectures Vol. 4), Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1973, ISBN 0-398-02667-X
• Orthopaedic Biomechanics (Orthopaedic Lectures Vol. 5), Thomas (Springfield, Ill.), 1973, ISBN 0-398-02824-9
• Symposium on the Osteoporoses Part 1: Physioplogy, Pathophysiology, and Diagnosis, Saunders (Philadelphia), 1981
• Symposium on the Osteoporoses Part 2: Therapy and Prevention, Saunders (Philadelphia), 1981
• Intermediary organization of the skeleton, CRC Press (Boca Raton, Fla), 1986, ISBN 0-8493-5948-1
• Bone in clinical orthopedics - Chapter 14: Determinants of bone strength and mass: a summary and clinical implications by Geoff Sumner-Smith, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2002, ISBN 0-86577-829-9,
• The Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology Vol. 1, ISMNI
• The Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology Vol. 2, ISMNI

References

1. Turner C, Burr D, Jee WS, Smith S, Recker RR, Axelrod DW, Takahashi HE, Villanueva AR, High WB, Martin RB, Parfitt AM: Tribute to Harold M. Frost M.D., J Musculoskel Neuron Interact 2004; 4(4):348-356, PMID 15758257
2. Recker RR: In Memoriam: Harold M. Frost, M.D., Dr.Sc. Hon., orthopedist, Bone. 2004 Sep;35(3):581, PMID 15729783
3. Jee WS: Harold M. Frost, M.D., D.Sc. (hon) - one man's association, J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2006 Apr-Jun;6(2):113-21, PMID 16849819

External links

• Tribute to Harold Frost in Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions, 4(4), 2004, 348-356
• Harold M. Frost, M.D., D.Sc. (hon) – One man’s association in Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions, 6(2), 2006
• Harold M Frost William F. Neuman Awardee 2001 in Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions, 2(2), 2001, 117-119
• ASBMR Harold M. Frost Young Investigator Award
• ISMNI - International Society of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions
• Sun Valley Workshops - IBMS Annual Sun Valley Workshops