Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland

His Grace The Duke of Cleveland KG
The Duke of Cleveland.
Personal details
Born	19 April 1803
Died	21 August 1891 (aged 88) Cleveland House, 16 St James's Square, Westminster, London
Nationality	British
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Lady Catherine Stanhope (1819–1901)
Alma mater	Oriel College, Oxford

Arms of Vane: Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or^[1] These are a difference of the arms of the Fane family, Earls of Westmorland from 1624, which show: three dexter gauntlets back affrontée, with identical tinctures

Arms of Powlett: Sable, three swords pilewise points in base proper pomels and hilts or, adopted by Lord Harry Vane in 1864 in lieu of the arms of Vane

Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland KG (19 April 1803 – 21 August 1891), styled The Honourable Harry Vane until 1827 and Lord Harry Vane from 1827 to 1864, who in 1864 adopted by Royal Licence the surname and arms of Powlett in lieu of Vane, was an English landowner, diplomat and Whig statesman. During the crisis which led to the collapse of Lord Russell's government in 1866 over the question of parliamentary reform, he was considered a possible compromise Prime Minister in a Whig-Conservative anti-reform coalition government, but such plans came to nothing.

Origins

Vane was the third son of William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland KG (1766–1842), by his wife Lady Catherine Margaret Powlett, daughter of Admiral Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton (1720–1794). His elder brothers were Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland KG (1788–1864), and William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland (1792–1864).

Career

Vane was educated at Oriel College, Oxford.^[2] He entered the foreign service and held posts in Paris and Stockholm before entering the House of Commons in 1841 as a Member of Parliament for South Durham, which seat he held until 1859,^[2][3] when he switched to Hastings, which he represented until his accession to the dukedom and elevation to the House of Lords on the death of his brother on 6 September 1864.^[2][4] On 18 November 1864 he adopted by Royal Licence the surname and arms of Powlett in lieu of his patronymic, in accordance with the will of his maternal grandmother the Duchess of Bolton (Katherine Lowther (d.1809), daughter of Robert Lowther, sister of James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale, and wife of the 6th Duke of Bolton).^[5] He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1865.^[6] During the crisis which led to the collapse in 1866 of Lord Russell's second ministry over the question of parliamentary reform, he was considered a possible compromise Prime Minister in a Whig-Conservative anti-reform coalition government, but such plans came to nothing.^[7]

Marriage

At Chevening on 2 August 1854, Vane married Lady Dalmeny (1819–1901), the daughter of Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope and widow of Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, by whom she was the mother of Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The marriage was without progeny.

Mistress

Although Cleveland had no legitimate progeny, he produced an illegitimate daughter by his mistress Mary Ann Raby. The daughter was called Charlotte (Lottie) Raby (1841–1919) and took the surname Raby so her parentage was not discovered.

Death and succession

Cleveland died in August 1891, aged 88, at his London townhouse Cleveland House, 16 St James's Square, Westminster, London.^[2] Thereupon the line of succession to his peerages became unclear. In 1891 the Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords declared the title of Duke of Cleveland extinct but declared Henry de Vere Vane to be the rightful heir of the title Baron Barnard and to the estates of Raby Castle and Barnard Castle, which latter had been purchased in 1626 by the Vane family.^[8]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland

16. Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard               8. Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington                       17. Mary Randyll               4. Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington                             18. Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland               9. Lady Grace Fitzroy                       19. Anne Pulteney               2. William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland                                   20. Richard Lowther               10. Robert Lowther                       21. Barbara Prickett               5. Margaret Lowther                             22. Sir Joseph Pennington, 2nd Baronet               11. Katherine Pennington                       23. Hon. Margaret Lowther               1. Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland                                         24. Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton               12. Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton                       25. Frances Ramsden               6. Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton                             26. Francis Parry               13. Catherine Parry                       3. Lady Catherine Powlett                                   28. Richard Lowther (= 20.)               14. Robert Lowther (= 10.)                       29. Barbara Prickett (= 21.)               7. Katherine Lowther                             30. Sir Joseph Pennington, 2nd Baronet (= 22.)               15. Katherine Pennington (= 11.)                       31. Hon. Margaret Lowther (= 23.)

References

1. Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits appaumée, useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning appaumée Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, Handbook of Heraldry, 2nd Edition, London, 1868, p. 47 , p. 92).
2. thepeerage.com Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland
3. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "D" (part 4)
4. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 2)
5. The London Gazette: no. 22915. p. 5797. 25 November 1864.
6. The London Gazette: no. 22958. p. 2040. 14 April 1865.
7. Blake, Robert (1966). Disraeli. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-19-832903-2. OCLC 8047., p. 439.
8. The Official Gazette of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Durham 1908 to 1919. Durham Freemasons. 1919. p. 172.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Cleveland