Harvard Stadium

Harvard Stadium

Soldiers Field
Aerial photo of Harvard Stadium
Location	95 N Harvard St Boston, MA 02134
Owner	Harvard University
Operator	Harvard University
Capacity	30,323 (1952-Present) 57,166 (1929-1951) 42,000 (1904-1928) 20,000 (1903)[1]
Surface	FieldTurf (2006-present) Grass (1903-2005)[2]
Construction
Broke ground	July, 1903
Opened	November 14, 1903
Construction cost	$310,000 ($8.16 million in 2016 dollars[3])
Architect	Prof. Louis J. Johnson, Class of 1887
Tenants
Harvard Crimson football (NCAA) (1903–present) Boston Patriots (NFL) (1970) Boston Cannons (MLL) (2007–2014) Boston Breakers (WPS) (2009–2011) Boston Breakers (NWSL) (2014) Boston Brawlers (FXFL) (2014–2015)

Harvard Stadium
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Location	60 N. Harvard St., Boston, Massachusetts
Coordinates	42°21′59″N 71°7′38″W / 42.36639°N 71.12722°WCoordinates: 42°21′59″N 71°7′38″W / 42.36639°N 71.12722°W
Area	11 acres (4.5 ha)
Built	1903
Architect	McKim,Charles F.; Et al.
Architectural style	Classical Revival
NRHP Reference #	87000757[4]
Added to NRHP	February 27, 1987

Harvard Stadium is a U-shaped football stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. Built in 1903, it was the first collegiate athletic stadium built in the United States, and was a pioneering use of reinforced concrete in the construction of large structures. Because of its early importance in these areas, and its influence on the design of later stadiums, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987.^[5] The Stadium is owned and operated by Harvard University and is home to the Harvard Crimson football program. It was also home for the New England Patriots in their inaugural 1970 season, before the completion of Foxboro Stadium.

The stadium seats 30,323.^[6] The stadium seated up to 57,166 in the past, as permanent steel stands (completing a straight-sided oval) were installed in the north end of the stadium in 1929. They were torn down after the 1951 season due to deterioration and reduced attendance. Afterwards, there were smaller temporary steel bleachers across the open end of the stadium until the building of the Murr Center (which is topped by the new scoreboard) in 1998.

History

Harvard's stadium was constructed on 31 acres of land known as Soldiers Field, donated to Harvard University by Henry Lee Higginson in 1890 as a memorial to Harvard men who had died in the American Civil War.^[7] The structure, similar in shape to the Panathenaic Stadium, was completed in just 4½ months costing $310,000. Much of the funds raised came from a 25th Reunion gift by Harvard's Class of 1879. It is the home of the football team of Harvard, whose all-time record (at the end of the 2010 season) at the stadium is 427-222-34 (.650). The stadium also hosted the Crimson track and field teams until 1984 and was the home of the Boston Patriots during the 1970 season, until Schaefer Stadium opened the following year.

Lewis Jerome Johnson, Prof. Civil Engineering, Harvard University, was a consultant to the design team for the Harvard Stadium. It is historically significant that this stadium represents the first vertical concrete structure to employ reinforced structural concrete. Prior to the erection of the stadium in 1902, reinforced structural concrete was used in horizontal, that is flooring, sidewalks, etc., design only. Prof. Johnson was the engineer of note responsible for incorporating the concept into the vertical structure of the stadium design. There is a plaque dedicating the stadium to his honor on the east end wall outside the stadium.

In 2006, Harvard installed both FieldTurf and lights.^[8] On September 22, 2007, Harvard played its first night game at the stadium, against Brown University, winning 24–17.

Impact on American Football

In the early 20th century, American football was an extremely violent sport. 18 players died and 159 were seriously injured in 1905 alone.^[9] There was a widespread movement to outlaw the game entirely but U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt intervened and demanded that the rules of the game be reformed. In 1906, Roosevelt met with representatives from 62 colleges and universities and formed the Intercollegiate Football Conference, the predecessor of the NCAA.^[10] The purpose of the committee was to develop a uniform set of rules and regulations to make the game safer. A leading proposal, at the time, was widening the field to allow more running room and decrease the chances of serious collisions. While it was very popular among committee members, Harvard objected. Their recently completed stadium could not accommodate a larger field. Because of the permanent nature of Harvard Stadium, the proposal was rejected and the forward pass was legalized in April, 1906.^[11] Harvard Stadium directly led to the creation of two of the most fundamental aspects of modern American football: standard field dimensions and the legal forward pass.

Other Events

It is also the host of music festivals like the Amandla Festival, where Jamaican reggae legend Bob Marley performed a historic concert in 1979. Janis Joplin performed her last show at the stadium in 1970, shortly before her death. During the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, the stadium hosted several soccer preliminaries.^[12] In 2007, the Boston Cannons, a professional lacrosse team for Major League Lacrosse, moved their home site to the stadium. They previously played at Boston University's Nickerson Field.^[13]

In 2006, Harvard installed both FieldTurf and lights^[14] allowing it to become the home stadium of the Boston Cannons. On September 22, 2007, Harvard played its first night game at the stadium, against Brown University, winning 24–17.

Beginning on April 11, 2009, Harvard Stadium became the home field of the Boston Breakers of the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) league when they beat Saint Louis Athletica 2–0.

1984 Summer Olympics

Association football games played at Harvard Stadium during the 1984 Summer Olympics

Date	Time (EDT)	Team #1	Result	Team #2	Round	Spectators
July 29, 1984	19.30	Norway	0–0	Chile	Group A	25,000
July 30, 1984	19.30	Canada	1–1	Iraq	Group B	16,730
July 31, 1984	19.00	Norway	1–2	France	Group A	27,832
August 1, 1984	19.00	Cameroon	1–0	Iraq	Group B	20,000
August 2, 1984	19.00	Qatar	0-2	Norway	Group A	17,529
August 3, 1984	19.00	Cameroon	1-3	Canada	Group B	27,261

Location

The stadium in 2009

Although most of Harvard's campus is in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the stadium and most other intercollegiate athletic facilities, along with Harvard Business School, lie across the Charles River in the nearby Allston section of Boston. The stadium is the cornerstone of the Soldiers Field athletic complex, which also includes the baseball stadium, outdoor track, an artificial turf field hockey/lacrosse field, two soccer stadiums, pools, Beren Tennis Center (outdoor), the Gordon Indoor Track, Dillon Fieldhouse, Lavietes Pavilion and Bright Hockey Center. Newell Boathouse, home of Harvard's men's crew, lies across Soldiers Field Road on the banks of the Charles.

Gallery

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  Dedication Plaque by the Class of 1879–1903

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  50th Anniversary Plaque – 1953

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  Under construction (1903)

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  Harvard-Yale game of 1905

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  Performance of Greek Play – 1905

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  Hockey was played in Harvard Stadium until WWI

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  Harvard-Yale game of 1911

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  Aerial view with trapezoidal temporary wooden stands in place circa 1915–1928

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  Scoreboard – 1984–2007

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  Exterior ivy, removed in 2006

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  Aerial view of the 2006 Harvard-Yale game – the Murr Center (built in 1998) now sits across the open end of the stadium.

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  Scoreboard – 2008–present

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  The stadium's southwest-facing exterior.

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  View from the southern end of the colonnade. The Murr Center, an indoor recreation facility built in 1998, is the building at the end of the stadium.

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  2008

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  2008

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  2008

See also

• Harvard Crimson
• List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts
• National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts

References

1. "Harvard Stadium Football History". Harvard University. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
2. Lisa Kennelly, Extreme Makeover: Harvard Stadium, Harvard Crimson April 13, 2006.
3. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
4. Staff (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
5. "NRHP nomination for Harvard Stadium". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
6. "Harvard". Harvard.
7. Harvard University (1949). "Memorial Hall". Education, bricks and mortar: Harvard buildings and their contribution to the advancement of learning. p. 82n.
8. . Boston Cannons http://www.bostoncannons.com/harvardstadium/stadiuminformation/. Retrieved April 12, 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
9. "First and 100". The Harvard Magazine. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
10. "The 1905 Movement to Reform Football". Library of Congress document. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
11. "Saturday Night Lights: Harvard Stadium Joins the 21st Century". New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
12. 1984 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. Part 1. pp. 129-31.
13. Malcom A. Glenn, Improved Stadium Scores Pro Team, Harvard Crimson, February 23, 2007.
14. http://www.bostoncannons.com/harvardstadium/stadiuminformation/ September 20, 2008.

External links

• Harvard Crimson – Harvard Stadium
• Summary at Ivy League official site
• Photos: , ,