Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin

Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin سلطان هاشم جليل العالم
Sultan of Brunei
Reign	29 May 1885 – 10 May 1906
Coronation	29 May 1895
Predecessor	Abdul Momin
Heir apparent	Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
Born	1825 Brunei Town, Brunei
Died	May 1906 (aged 80–81) Brunei Town, Brunei
Burial	Kubah Makam Di Raja
Spouse	Pengiran Indera Chendra Kesuma Pengiran Isteri Pengiran Siti Fatimah
Issue Detail	Pengiran Muda Besar Omar Ali Saifuddin Pengiran Muda Tengah Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II Pengiran Anak Siti Zubaidah Pengiran Anak Mohammad Salleh Pengiran Anak Abdul Razak Pengiran Anak Siti Rauyah Pengiran Anak Siti Mariam Pengiran Di-Gadong Pengiran Anak Haji Kamis Pengiran Anak Safar Pengiran Anak Sabtu Pengiran Anak Metusin Kula Pengiran Anak Saliha Pengiran Anak Muhammad Arshad Duman Pengiran Anak Ismail Apong Pengiran Anak Untong Pengiran Anak Jaga Pengiran Anak Rabaha Pengiran Anak Tuah Pengiran Anak Mahmud
House	Bolkiah
Father	Omar Ali Saifuddin II
Mother	Zaida binti Pengarah di-Gadong Laman Awang Sulaiman
Religion	Sunni Islam

Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin was the 26th Sultan of Brunei. He ruled Brunei from May 1885 to May 1906.^[1] Sultan Hashim was the son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II. Before he became the Sultan, he was one of the four Wazirs in Brunei and was known as Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar Pengiran Anak Hashim. He had acted as regent when Sultan Abdul Momin became old. At that time also, his elder brother, Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Muhammad Salleh had died.

Reign

Upon his ascension to the throne, Sultan Hashim inherited a much smaller kingdom than when his father was Sultan. He faced a challenge from the British North Borneo Company and the Brooke government in Sarawak who wanted more lands from Brunei and Brunei was not strong enough to stop them from taking control of these lands. Therefore, although he was aware of Sultan Abdul Momin’s Amanat, he still had to sign an agreement to cede Terusan to Sarawak.

Treaty of Protection 1888

During Sultan Hashim’s reign, two important agreements were made between Brunei and Britain. The Treaty of Protection of 1888 made Brunei a British Protectorate.

The Loss of Limbang

Limbang, which today become part of Sarawak, was originally part of the Sultanate of Brunei until the reign of Sultan Hashim. However, it was after the signing of the Treaty of Protection of 1888 did Brunei loss Limbang. This treaty eventually did not save Brunei from any foreign intervention because the British did not stop Charles Brooke from seizing Limbang in 1890. In 1901 and 1902, Brooke and Hewett asked Sultan Hashim to cede Belait and Tutong to them but Sultan Hashim refused and said, “What would happen to me, my chiefs and my descendants? I should be left like a tree, stripped of branches and twigs.”

The beginning of British Indirect rule in Brunei

Sultan Hashim felt that the British were not really protecting Brunei. He sought help from Sultan Abdul Hamid of Turkey. The British discovered this and decided to send Malcolm McArthur to solve the problems in Brunei. Therefore, the Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906 was signed. Under this treaty, Brunei accepted a British Resident to advise the Sultan on both external and internal affairs except those relating to Islam and Malay customs.

Death

In 1903, his eldest son and chosen heir, Pengiran Muda Besar Omar Ali Saifuddin, died in an outbreak of cholera, as did his second son, Pengiran Muda Tengah. Mourning their deaths, his health deteriorated further.

Sultan Hashim died in May 1906. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Bandar Seri Begawan, alongside his father, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II.

References

1. Royal Ark