Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects

Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects

The four remaining towers as seen in 2010
General information
Type Residential
Address 2700 St. Antoine Street
Town or city Detroit, Michigan
Country United States
Coordinates 42°20′58″N 83°03′00″W / 42.34944°N 83.05000°W / 42.34944; -83.05000Coordinates: 42°20′58″N 83°03′00″W / 42.34944°N 83.05000°W / 42.34944; -83.05000
Groundbreaking 1935
Completed 1942-1952
Height 161 ft (49 m)
Technical details
Floor count 14
Design and construction
Architect Harley, Ellington & Day; Detroit Housing Commission; Smith Hinchman & Grylls
References
[1]

The Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects (officially named the Frederick Douglass Homes, and alternately named Frederick Douglass Projects, Frederick Douglass Apartments, Brewster-Douglass Homes, and Brewster-Douglass Projects) were the largest residential housing project owned by the city of Detroit, located in the Brush Park section on the east side of Detroit, Michigan, near the Chrysler Freeway, Mack Avenue and St. Antoine Street. The housing project is named after Frederick Douglass, African American abolitionist, author, and reformer.

The complex was home to such notable figures as Diana Ross, Mary Wilson, Florence Ballard, Lily Tomlin, Loni Love, and Etterlene DeBarge, during their early years. The claymation animated series, The PJs, was based on the housing project, as well. It was also seen in a screenshots for the movie Dreamgirls, as well as D12's debut music video. RuPaul mentions the Brewster Projects in the intro of the 1992 song, "Supermodel (You Better Work)".

History

Frederick Douglass tower in 2007

The Brewster Project and Frederick Douglass Apartments were built between 1935 and 1955, and were designed by Harley, Ellington & Day of Detroit. The Brewster Project began construction in 1935, when First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt broke ground for the 701-unit development; the first phase, consisting of low-rise apartment blocks, was completed in 1938. An expansion of the project completed in 1941 brought the total number of housing units to 941. The Frederick Douglass Apartments, built immediately to the south of the Brewster Project, began construction in 1942 with the completion of apartment rows, two 6-story low-rises, and finally six 14-story high rises completed between 1952 and 1955. The combined Brewster-Douglass Project was five city blocks long, and three city blocks wide, and housed anywhere between 8,000 and 10,000 residents, at its peak capacity.

The Brewster-Douglass Project were built for the "working poor"; the Detroit Housing Commission required an employed parent for each family before establishing tenancy. As the Commission became less selective, crime became a problem in the 1960s and 1970s, and the projects eventually fell into disrepair. The Frederick Douglass Apartment towers were converted to senior housing.

In 1991, the low-rise apartment blocks north of Wilkins Street (the original Brewster Project) were demolished, and by 1994 were replaced with 250 townhomes. This new public housing, administratively distinct from the Fredrick Douglass Homes project, was dubbed the "Brewster Homes", and still exists today.[2]

In the meantime, the remaining housing on the project site continued to deteriorate. Two of the six 14-story Frederick Douglas Apartments towers, 303 and 304, were demolished in 2003, in an effort to consolidate living space and reduce maintenance costs. By 2008, only 280 families remained in the Frederick Douglass Homes complex, and the decision was made to shut down the housing entirely. The buildings south of Wilkins street were left abandoned after that date.[3]

On March 9, 2012, Mayor of Detroit Dave Bing announced that the Detroit Housing Commission planned to request funding from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to demolish all remaining housing on the Frederick Douglass Homes site, but redevelop the abandoned Brewster-Wheeler Recreation Center. The vacant land would then be developed as affordable housing and commercial space.[4] The demolition was announced on November 15, 2012.[5]

On July 29, 2013, 23-year-old French artist Bilal Berreni was found dead from a gunshot wound on the property of Brewster-Douglass, having last been seen the day before. Found without identification, Berreni's body was not identified for 7 months. Jasin Curtis pled guilty to second degree murder and was sentenced in June 2015; two others, Drequone Rich and Dionte Travis, await trial scheduled for September 2015 for this crime.[6]

Demolition of the remaining buildings of the Frederick Douglass Homes began on September 4, 2013.[7] Demolition was substantially complete by the end of August, 2014.

From historic marker on the site of Brewster Homes

“ "Between 1910 and 1940 Detroit, Michigan's African American population increased dramatically. In 1935, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt broke ground for the Brewster Homes, the nation’s first federally funded public housing development for African Americans. The homes opened in 1938 with 701 units. When completed in 1941 there were 941 units bounded by Beaubien, Hastings, Mack and Wilkins Streets. Residents were required to be employed and there were limits on what they could earn. Former residents described Brewster as 'community filled with families that displayed love, respect and concern for everyone in a beautiful, clean and secure neighborhood.' The original Brewster Homes were demolished in 1991 and replaced by 250 townhouses." ”

Hastings Street

Hastings Street was the center of black culture in Detroit between the 1920s and 1950s.. Located at the southern edge of the Brewster-Douglass Homes, the street was the home of innumerable salons and entertainment venues. With the addition of the high-rises and an influx of people moving into the housing, Hastings Street was billed as the place you could fulfill any conceivable need. Hastings Street was most famously referenced in the John Lee Hooker song, "Boogie Chillen'".

The I-75 corridor is now in place of this important African American landmark. The (Walter P.) Chrysler Freeway was constructed between 1963 and 1968.

Constituent buildings

The six concrete-framed towers were designed in the Modern movement architectural style and faced in brick. They are virtually identical in look and each rise to the height of 15 floors.

Building Name Address Year Completed Year Demolished
Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 306 Chrysler Freeway & East Vernor Highway 1952 2014
Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 305 Chrysler Freeway & East Vernor Highway 1952 2014
Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 302 2702 Saint Antoine Street 1952 2014
Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 301 Chrysler Drive at Alfred Street 1952 2014
Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 304 2602 Saint Antoine Street 1952 2003
Frederick Douglass Apartments – Tower 303 650 Alfred Street 1952 2003

Schools

The buildings were zoned to the following Detroit Public Schools facilities:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Brewster Homes Historical Marker". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
  2. ↑ Detroit Housing Commission, Brewster Homes profile page, accessed 24 January 2010
  3. ↑ http://historicdetroit.org/building/brewster-douglass-projects/
  4. ↑ Neavling, Steve (11 March 2012). "Storied Brewster-Douglass housing projects in Detroit may soon be demolished". The Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  5. ↑ "Detroit mayor says Brewster-Douglass housing project will be demolished". Click on Detroit. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012. (Archive)
  6. ↑ "Detroit teen gets prison for slaying of French street artist Bilal Berreni". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
  7. ↑ "Crews begin razing massive Detroit housing project." Associated Press at Crain's Detroit Business. September 4, 2013. Retrieved on September 5, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Elementary School Boundary Map." Detroit Public Schools. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.
  9. ↑ "Middle School Boundary Map." Detroit Public Schools. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.
  10. ↑ "High School Boundary Map." Detroit Public Schools. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.

External links

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