Health in Mozambique
Mozambique faces a number of ongoing health challenges.
Health infrastructure
Public expenditure on health was at 2.7% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure on health was at 1.3% in the same year.[1] Health expenditure per capita was 42 US$ (PPP) in 2004.[1] In the early 21st century there were 3 physicians per 100,000 people in the country.[1]
Water supply and sanitation
About 47% of the Mozambican population has access to an improved water source, and 17% has access to adequate sanitation.[2] Consequences on living conditions are multiple, ranging from poor health to lower productivity due to the time needed to fetch water.
| Urban (38% of the population) |
Rural (62% of the population) |
Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Broad definition | 77% | 29% | 47% |
| House connections | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Sanitation | Broad definition | 38% | 5% | 18% |
| Sewerage | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Source: Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF [2]
Health status
Life expectancy
The 2014 CIA estimated average life expectancy in Mozambique was 52.60 years.[3]
Fertility rate
IN 2009, there were an average of 5.5 births per woman.[1]
Endemic diseases
Malaria
In Mozambique, malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially among children.[4] The disease represents around 45% of all cases in outpatient visits, approximately 56% of inpatient at paediatric clinics and around 26% of all hospital deaths.[5] According to the Demographic Health Survey 2011, the prevalence of malaria among children under five years is 46.3% in rural areas compared to 16.8% in urban areas.[6]
Malaria is endemic throughout Mozambique with seasonal peaks during and after the rainy season, which is between November and December.[7] The seasonal intensity of transmission varies depending on the amount of rain and air temperature.[8]
HIV/AIDS
The official prevalence of HIV in Mozambique in 2011 was 11.5% for the population in the age range between 15 and 49 years. For the southern parts of Mozambique - Maputo and Gaza provinces, and the city of Maputo itself - the official figures are more than twice as high as the national average. In 2011 the health authorities estimated about 1.7 million Mozambicans were HIV-positive, of whom 600,000 were in need of anti-retroviral treatment.[9]
As per December 2011 240,000 were receiving such treatment, increasing to 416,000 in March 2014 according to the health authorities. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mozambique seems to be leveling off.[10]
Maternal and child healthcare
The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Mozambique is 550. This is compared with 598.8 in 2008 and 385 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births is 147 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5s mortality is 29. In Mozambique the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 3 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 37.[11]
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Human Development Report 2009 – Mozambique". Hdrstats.undp.org. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- 1 2 Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation:Data Table Mozambique, retrieved on 19 August 2012
- ↑ "CIA - The World Factbook Life Expectancy". Cia.gov. Retrieved 2014-06-25.
- ↑ Mozambique, Disease prevention and control, Malaria. World Health Organisation, Accessed 26.06.14
- ↑ Mozambique, Disease prevention and control, Malaria. World Health Organisation, Accessed 26.06.14
- ↑ Mozambique, Disease prevention and control, Malaria. World Health Organisation, Accessed 26.06.14
- ↑ Mozambique, Disease prevention and control, Malaria. World Health Organisation, Accessed 26.06.14
- ↑ Mozambique, Disease prevention and control, Malaria. World Health Organisation, Accessed 26.06.14
- ↑ UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2011. UNAIDS.org
- ↑ UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2011. UNAIDS.org
- ↑ "The State of the World's Midwifery". United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved August 2011.
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