Helsby

Helsby

Helsby from Helsby Hill
Helsby
 Helsby shown within Cheshire
Population 4,972 
OS grid referenceSJ491755
Civil parishHelsby
Unitary authorityCheshire West and Chester
Ceremonial countyCheshire
RegionNorth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town FRODSHAM
Postcode district WA6
Dialling code 01928
Police Cheshire
Fire Cheshire
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK ParliamentWeaver Vale
List of places
UK
England
Cheshire

Coordinates: 53°16′23″N 2°46′23″W / 53.273°N 2.773°W / 53.273; -2.773

Helsby is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in Cheshire, England, which in 2011 had a population of 4,972.[1]

Geography

Map of civil parish of Helsby within the former borough of Vale Royal

The village is situated on the A56 main road between Chester and Runcorn. The neighbouring settlements are Dunham-on-the-Hill, Frodsham, Elton and Alvanley. Helsby is a semi-rural village, with many dairy and arable farms, but is also in close proximity to a number of industrial plants around the Mersey estuary including the former Royal Dutch Shell Stanlow oil refinery(now Essar) the Quinn Glass manufacturing plant, the Kemira fertiliser plant on Ince Marshes and the chemical manufacturing site (previously ICI chemicals, now Ineos Chlor) and power station at Rocksavage. There are few jobs in Helsby itself, due to the larger surrounding cities, Chester and Runcorn offering better prospects and a wider range of careers. The Tesco supermarket is one of the biggest employers there. The village is popular with commuters as a residential area, due to its links to the M56 motorway and rail networks.

History

There are the remains of a Promontory fort on Helsby Hill of 1.9ha in area. Modern excavations have revealed evidence of activity on Helsby Hill prior to the construction of the hillfort comprising a buried soil containing fossilised pollen dating to the late Mesolithic to early Neolithic dated between 7000 and 3001BC.[2] Further evidence suggests a burning episode dating to the early Neolithic occupation or woodland clearance dating to 4000BC to 2351 BC.[3]

The bivallate hillfort is protected on the south and east by two parallel ramparts and an unusual type of inturned entrance 11 yards (10 m) wide. There were three phases of hillfort construction at Helsby. The first stone rampart was constructed in the middle to late Bronze Age (1250-1050 cal BC) and consisted of a bank of well dressed, outer face of sandstone blocks and an irregular inner face, which was built on a slight batter; it was approximately 4 yards (3.5m) wide. A socketed bronze axe found at Helsby in 1925.[4] This was followed by a series of colloviul deposits against the internal face of the stone rampart that formed the second phase of activity. The third and final phase was the re-building of the rampart in the post-Roman period, dating as late as 530 AD suggesting early Saxon re-occupation of the hillfort.[5]

Helsby was located on the strategically important Roman road between Chester and Wilderspool near Warrington. The road existed between c. 79-410 AD to link the garrison of Deva to Wilderspool, which produced pottery that supplied the north west of England.[6] The Roman road passed at the foot of Helsby Hill probably following the route of Old Chester Road.[7] On the top of the hill a Roman bronze sestertius of the emperor Tiberius minted in Rome in AD22 was found and just off Vicarage Lane in 1958, an uninscribed Roman altar of red sandstone was discovered with a carved jug on one side and an axe and knife on the other.[8]

The first known settlers of Helsby were the Vikings in the 10th century. In fact, the name 'Helsby' is likely to be derived from the Viking name Hjallr-by, meaning "the village on the edge" (placenames with the suffix "by" often denote Viking/Danish origins, e.g. Derby, Grimsby, Whitby, etc.). However, Old Norse suggests that Hjalli means edge and Hjallr means constructed platform or scaffold.[9]

The village was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the Norman name of Hellesbe.[10] The Manor of Helsby was owned by a series of aristocratic landowners, most recently the Marquis of Cholmondeley.

In the 13th century Helsby was deemed a demesne manor under the lordship of Dunham-on-the-Hill,by a family called Hellesby. Later it passed to Thornton and then to Frodsham. The earliest mention of the original, timber Old Hall, was in a contract for the construction of additional in stone in the mid 15th century. The wooden part of the hall perished in a fire in the 16th century when it was leased to one of the Hatons of Helsby. The later hall probably derived its name from its proximity to the older site. It was built of brick at the end of the 18th century and was used as a farmhouse.[11]

Helsby Hill was the location of a rare public execution when William Henry Clarke was hung in chains on 21 April 1791 after being convicted of robbing the Warrington Mail.[12]

In 1968, Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru (Welsh Defence Movement), a Welsh republican movement, blew up a water pipe at Hapsford near Helsby. The water pipe was carrying water from Chester to Liverpool.[13]

Community

A Methodist church was established in 1800, 70 years before the Anglican church was built in 1870. Helsby is home to two primary schools (Helsby Hillside and Hornsmill) that serve the east and west of the village respectively with the former being in close proximity to one of the most successful secondary schools in Cheshire: Helsby High School.

The village was once home to many pubs, the majority of which were adjacent to the A56 road. In the centre of the village, the Railway Inn offers Greenalls cask ale and is frequently host to live music. Two other pubs, the Robin Hood and the Horse & Jockey, were acquired by developers for conversion to residential properties. On 23 September 2011, the Robin Hood pub caught fire, causing roads to be closed throughout the village for some hours, and subsequently the building(s) were demolished. The Horse & Jockey remains unoccupied and the site awaits development. On the western edge of the village is the Horns Mill (formerly the Helsby Arms), a pub and restaurant that has changed hands on several occasions during recent years, and also closed down briefly, but reopened in January 2014.

Behind the Railway Inn is the Courtyard, Helsby, a development of holiday cottages in period barn conversions offering a place to stay in the village, close to the North Cheshire Way footpath. There is also "Homestead Boutique Cottages" offering accommodation on Lower Robin Hood Lane.

Future

It has been proposed that a waste incinerator be constructed at Ince Marshes, near Helsby.[14] A public inquiry was held and as a result the Government has given permission to build it.[15]

Transport

Railway services

The railway came to Helsby in 1850, with the construction of the line between Chester and Warrington. Helsby railway station has won awards as one of the best kept unmanned stations in the UK. The signal box at Helsby Junction is still operated manually.

Services are operated at approximately hourly intervals by Arriva Trains Wales to Manchester Piccadilly and in the other direction to Chester and Llandudno.

There is also a minimal (Parliamentary) service operated by Northern Rail to neighbouring Ince & Elton and Stanlow & Thornton with trains terminating at Ellesmere Port where a connection is made with the Merseyrail electric service to Liverpool.

Bus services

There are frequent bus links: X30 (Warrington to Chester), 21 (Chester to Halton Hospital) and 36 (Runcorn to Ellesmere Port). All these run Monday to Saturday only.

Industry

The factory site at the western end of the village has for many years been the main source of employment in the village. Originally built in the 1880s by the Telegraph Manufacturing Company, as the Britannia Telegraph Works, the factory was used to manufacture cables, and was most recently owned by BICC Electronic Cables. It employed up to 5,000 people at its peak (from the Second World War until 1970), but continued to decline following a series of redundancy initiatives started in 1970, and the site eventually closed in 2002. The site was then redeveloped for retail, light industrial and residential purposes. The first completed development on the site was a Tesco supermarket, which opened in September 2005. In 2005 cable manufacturing returned to Helsby when Heat Trace Limited, a British specialist cable manufacturer, took over one of the last remaining industrial buildings on the site to expand their operations, taking advantage of the existence of the electron beaming unit on the site for the irradiation of their specialist heating cables.

Landmarks

Helsby Hill

Helsby Hill

The village sits at the foot of a wooded sandstone hill 463 feet (141 m) above sea level. Helsby Hill has steep cliffs on the northern and western sides and is a prominent landmark rising above the Cheshire Plain and overlooking the Mersey estuary. Much of the hill is owned and managed by the National Trust. It is the site of Helsby hill fort, an ancient British hillfort, and more recently acquired a concrete pillar trig point on its summit. The top of the hill also has a former Royal Observer Corps post, which was abandoned in 1992. Visitors who see Helsby Hill from the M56 or on the train can sometimes see a man's face within the cliff face from east, west and sometimes from the north. This is referred to as the "Old Man of Helsby".

Access to hill

Numerous footpaths, running from the public roads encircling the hill, give ready access for walkers. One such path, known as Hill Road, runs through a large sandstone cutting, which was the route of a railway in the Second World War. The hilltop offers views of the Welsh hills and, on exceptionally clear days, Snowdon. The landmarks of Liverpool can clearly be seen beyond the Helsby marshes, Stanlow Oil Refinery, Kemira Fertiliser Plant and the Manchester Ship Canal. Also on very clear days, visitors can see across Lancashire, past Bolton, to Winter Hill; in mid-morning (when the sun is reflecting off it), it is often possible to see the large white section on top of the Winter Hill TV Mast. The view looking back is not as diverse, but the Peckforton Hills and Beeston Castle can be discerned.

Rock climbing

The craggy face of the hill provides many routes for rock climbers at a range of grades from easy climbs suitable for beginners (some of which do not require ropes), to challenging climbs up to a grade 6c. The cliff is also split into two lateral sections. The main face is easily accessible from the ground. At the top is a large grassy area, followed by an easily accessible 10-foot (or thereabouts) cliff to the summit, which is excellent for bouldering. Despite its often slimy appearance, the cliff's sandstone composition means it dries out quickly after rain, and, after several accidents, several large metal spikes were placed at the top of the main cliff for top-rope climbing that offer extra safety for climbers worried about the sandstone's crumbly nature.

Mountskill Quarry

Sandstone was extracted from a working quarry from the early 19th century until the 1920s. Much of the stone was transported by ferry to Liverpool and Birkenhead, where several buildings, including the Customs House near Canning Dock, were built of Helsby stone. The quarry originally had its own dedicated horse-drawn tramway link to Ince Pier. After stone production ceased, it was not until the late 1980s that an alternative use was found for the site and in the intervening decades the derelict site was used as a tip by local residents. The site was acquired by the former Vale Royal Borough Council in 1988 and transformed into a woodland park, which was opened in 1990. 'Helsby Quarry Woodland Park' is now managed by Cheshire West and Chester Council. It contains a range of trees including oak, sycamore, rowan, silver birch, willow and beech—some of which grew naturally during the site's period of dereliction, and some of which were planted specifically in preparing the woodland park. The woodland and grassland are inhabited by many animal and bird species. Aside from the wildlife, the geology of the site is one of its most significant features and it is designated a Regionally Important Geological Site. The site features exposed rock walls and a tunnel, which enable sandstone formations from the Triassic period (251–199 million years ago) to be viewed.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Ward/community population 2011". Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  2. ↑ http://rcplive.cheshire.gov.uk/SingleResult.aspx?uid=MCH8237 Revealing Cheshire's Past HER number 1007/2
  3. ↑ http://rcplive.cheshire.gov.uk/SingleResult.aspx?uid=MCH22371 Revealing Cheshire's Past HER number 1007/1
  4. ↑ http://rcplive.cheshire.gov.uk/SingleResult.aspx?uid=MCH8042 Revealing Cheshire's Past HER number 1004
  5. ↑ http://rcplive.cheshire.gov.uk/SingleResult.aspx?uid=MCH8237 Reveal Cheshire's Past HER number 1007/2
  6. ↑ http://potsherd.net/atlas/Ware/WPMO Potsherd - Atlas of Roman Pottery
  7. ↑ http://www.cheshirewestandchester.gov.uk/microsites/habitats_and_hillforts/about/idoc.ashx?docid=2e2843b5-4d36-4742-9230-e06babce4ecf&version=-1 Helsby Hill and Woodhouse Hillfort 2010
  8. ↑ http://rcplive.cheshire.gov.uk/SingleResult.aspx?uid=MCH7695 Revealing Cheshire's Past HER number 1008
  9. ↑ http://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Hjalli Nordic names
  10. ↑ Cheshire A-K: Helsby, Domesday Book Online, retrieved 4 February 2009
  11. ↑ http://rcplive.cheshire.gov.uk/SingleResult.aspx?uid=MCH7697 Revealing Cheshire's Past HER number 1012/1
  12. ↑ http://www.britishexecutions.co.uk/execution-content.php?key=9920 British Executions
  13. ↑ "River Dee Aqueduct (Farm Damage)". Hansard. 22 January 1969. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  14. ↑ Docs put Ince in the dock, icCheshireOnline: Chester Chronicle, 24 February 2006, retrieved 17 May 2008
  15. ↑ Waste power plant plan approved, BBC News, 12 August 2009, retrieved 12 August 2009

External links

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