Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine

Henry V
Count Palatine of the Rhine
Henry in the Weingarten Stifterbüchlein, c. 1510
Reign	1195–1213
Spouse(s)	Agnes of Hohenstaufen Agnes of Landsberg
Noble family	House of Guelph
Father	Henry the Lion
Mother	Matilda of England
Born	c. 1173
Died	28 April 1227 Braunschweig, Saxony
Buried	Brunswick Cathedral

Henry V, the Elder of Brunswick (German: Heinrich der Ältere von Braunschweig; c. 1173 – 28 April 1227), a member of the House of Welf, was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1195 until 1213.

Life

Henry was the eldest son of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria and Matilda, the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Henry, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Christian Tunica, 1836

After his father's deposition by the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa, he grew up in England. When the family returned to Germany in 1189, young Henry distinguished himself by defending the Welf residence of Braunschweig against the forces of the emperor's son King Henry VI. Peace was established the next year, provided that Henry and his younger brother Lothar (d. 1190) were held in hostage by the king. He had to join the German forces on the 1191 campaign to the Italian Kingdom of Sicily and participated in the siege of Naples. Henry finally deserted, fled to Marseille, and returned to Germany where he falsely proclaimed Henry VI's death and tried to underline his own abilities as a possible successor.

Though he was banned, he became heir to the County Palatine of the Rhine through his 1193 marriage to Agnes, a cousin of Emperor Henry VI and daughter of the Hohenstaufen count palatine Conrad. He and the emperor reconciled shortly afterwards, and upon Conrad's death in 1195, Henry was enfeoffed with his County Palatine. A close ally of the emperor, he accompanied him on the conquest of Sicily in 1194/95 and on the Crusade of 1197.^[1]

After the sudden death of the emperor in 1197, Henry's younger brother Otto IV became one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire. At first he supported him, but switched sides to Philip of Swabia in 1203. Having divided the Welf allodial lands with his brothers Otto and William of Winchester, Henry then ruled over the northern Saxon territories around Stade and Altencelle and also was confirmed as count palatine by King Philip. When the German throne quarrel ended with Philip's assassination in 1208, Henry again sided with Otto IV. In Imperial service, he tried to ward off the territorial claims by the Rhenish Prince-archbishops of Cologne, Trier and Mainz, though to no avail.

After the death of his cousin Arthur I, Duke of Brittany in April 1203, Henry effectively became the heir of his maternal uncle John Lackland to the English throne, this ended though when John's son (the future king Henry III) was born in October 1207.

After he inherited further significant properties in Saxony from his brother William in 1213, Henry ceded the Palatinate to his son Henry the Younger and moved north. After his son's early death the next year, he left his Welf properties to his nephew, William's son Otto the Child, who became the first Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. Henry died in 1227 and is entombed in Brunswick Cathedral.

Marriage and children

In 1193, Henry married Agnes of Hohenstaufen (1177–1204),^[2] daughter of Count Palatine Conrad. They had the following children:

• Henry (1197–1214), married Matilda, daughter of Duke Henry I of Brabant
• Irmengard (d. 1260), married Margrave Herman V of Baden
• Agnes (d. 1267), married Otto II of Wittelsbach, Count palatine of the Rhine from 1214, Duke of Bavaria from 1231.

Around 1209, he married Agnes of Landsberg (d. 1248), daughter of the Wettin margrave Conrad II of Lusatia.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine

16. Welf I, Duke of Bavaria               8. Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria                       17. Judith of Flanders               4. Henry X, Duke of Bavaria                             18. Magnus, Duke of Saxony               9. Wulfhilde of Saxony                       19. Sophia of Hungary               2. Henry the Lion                                   20. Gebhard of Supplinburg               10. Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor                       21. Hedwig of Formbach               5. Gertrude of Süpplingenburg                             22. Henry of Northeim, Margrave of Frisia               11. Richenza of Northeim                       23. Gertrude of Brunswick               1. Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine                                         24. Fulk of Jerusalem               12. Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou                       25. Ermengarde, Countess of Maine               6. Henry II of England                             26. Henry I of England               13. Matilda of England                       27. Matilda of Scotland               3. Matilda of England                                   28. William IX, Duke of Aquitaine               14. William X, Duke of Aquitaine                       29. Philippa, Countess of Toulouse               7. Eleanor of Aquitaine                             30. Aimery I de Châtellérault               15. Aenor de Châtellerault                       31. Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard

References

1. Helen Nicholson, Love, War, and the Grail, (Brill, 2001), 129.
2. Herbert Schutz, The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm, 900-1300, (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010), 239.