High jump at the Olympics
| High jump at the Olympic Games | |
|---|---|
|
The 1904 high jump competition | |
| Overview | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Gender | Men and women |
| Years held |
Men: 1896 – 2012 Women: 1928 – 2012 |
| Olympic record | |
| Men | 2.39 m Charles Austin (1996) |
| Women | 2.06 m Yelena Slesarenko (2004) |
| Reigning champion | |
| Men |
 Ivan Ukhov (RUS) |
| Women |
Anna Chicherova (RUS) |
The high jump at the Summer Olympics is grouped among the four track and field jumping events held at the multi-sport event. The men's high jump has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since the first Summer Olympics in 1896. The women's high jump was one of five events to feature on the first women's athletics programme in 1928, and it was the only jumping event available to women until 1948, when the long jump was permitted.
The Olympic records for the event are 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) for men, set by Charles Austin in 1996, and 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) for women, set by Yelena Slesarenko in 2004. Gerd Wessig is the only man to have set a world record in the Olympic high jump, having done so in 1980 with a mark of 2.36 m (7 ft 83⁄4 in). The women's world record has been broken on three occasions at the Olympics, with records coming in 1928, 1932 and 1972.[1]
Ellery Clark was the first Olympic champion in 1896 and Ethel Catherwood became the first female Olympic high jump champion 32 years later. Russians Ivan Ukhov and Anna Chicherova are the reigning Olympic champions from 2012. Only two athletes have won two Olympic high jump titles, both women: Iolanda Balaş and Ulrike Meyfarth. The United States has been the most successful nation in this event, with an American topping the podium on seventeen occasions.
A standing high jump variant of the event was contested from 1900 to 1912 and standing jumps specialist Ray Ewry won all but one of the gold medals in its brief history.
Medalists
Men
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Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1= | Brumel, ValeriyValeriy Brumel |  Soviet Union (URS) | 1960–1964 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 1= | Wszoła, JacekJacek Wszoła |  Poland (POL) | 1976–1980 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 1= | Sotomayor, JavierJavier Sotomayor |  Cuba (CUB) | 1992–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Sjöberg, PatrikPatrik Sjöberg |  Sweden (SWE) | 1984–1992 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 5= | Thomas, JohnJohn Thomas |  United States (USA) | 1960–1964 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5= | Conway, HollisHollis Conway | United States (USA) | 1988–1992 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5= | Partyka, ArturArtur Partyka | Poland (POL) | 1992–1996 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Stones, DwightDwight Stones | United States (USA) | 1972–1976 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States (USA) | 13 | 14 | 8 | 35 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
| 3 | Russia (RUS) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 4 | Sweden (SWE) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 5 | Poland (POL) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 6= |  Australia (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 6= |  Canada (CAN) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 6= |  East Germany (GDR) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 9 | Cuba (CUB) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 |  West Germany (FRG) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 |  Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 12 |  France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 13= | Germany (GER) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 13= |  Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 15 |  Norway (NOR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 16= |  Algeria (ALG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 16= |  Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 16= |  China (CHN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 16= |  Czech Republic (CZE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 16= |  Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 16= |  Qatar (QAT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Women
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Multiple medalists
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Olympics | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1= | Balaş, IolandaIolanda Balaş |  Romania (ROU) | 1960–1964 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1= | Meyfarth, UlrikeUlrike Meyfarth | West Germany (FRG) | 1972–1984 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Simeoni, SaraSara Simeoni |  Italy (ITA) | 1976–1984 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 4 | Kostadinova, StefkaStefka Kostadinova |  Bulgaria (BUL) | 1988–1996 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Chicherova, AnnaAnna Chicherova | Russia (RUS) | 2008–2012 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6= | Tyler-Odam, DorothyDorothy Tyler-Odam | Great Britain (GBR) | 1936–1948 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 6= | Cloete, HestrieHestrie Cloete |  South Africa (RSA) | 2000–2004 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 | Blagoeva, YordankaYordanka Blagoeva | Bulgaria (BUL) | 1972–1976 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States (USA) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| 2 | Russia (RUS) | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Romania (ROU) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 4 | West Germany (FRG) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 6= | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 6= | South Africa (RSA) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 8= | Canada (CAN) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8= | East Germany (GDR) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8= | Germany (GER) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 11= | .svg.png){kind=small} Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11= | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11= | Hungary (HUN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 14 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 15 | Soviet Union (URS) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 16 | Poland (POL) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 17= | Australia (AUS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17= |  Croatia (CRO) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17= |  Greece (GRE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17= |  Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 21 |  Ukraine (UKR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 22= |  Austria (AUT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 22= | Cuba (CUB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 22= | France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 22= | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Standing high jump
| Standing high jump at the Olympic Games | |
|---|---|
|
Ray Ewry in the 1904 standing high jump competition | |
| Overview | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Gender | Men |
| Years held | Men: 1900 – 1912 |
| Olympic record | |
| Men | 1.655 m Ray Ewry (1900) |
From 1900 to 1912 a variation of the event was contested at the Olympics where athletes had to high jump from a standing position. This was one of three standing jumps to have featured on the Olympic programme, alongside the standing long jump (present for the same period) and the standing triple jump (1900 and 1904 only).[2]
The standing jump competitions were dominated by Ray Ewry, who won the Olympic standing high jump titles in 1900, 1904 and 1908. His clearance of 1.655 m (5 ft 5 in) at the 1900 Olympics remained as the Olympic record for the event until its discontinuation in 1912. Ewry took Olympic three gold medals in standing jumps in both 1900 and 1904, then won the standing high and long jumps at the 1908 Olympics, as well as the 1906 Intercalated Games.[3] After Ewry's retirement, Platt Adams became the winner of the final Olympic standing high jump competition in 1912.[4]
The standing high jump—and standing jump events in general—had been a relatively common type of athletics event at the end of the 19th century, but became increasingly rare at top level national and international competitions as the 20th century progressed.[3] The Olympic event remains the only major international competition to have featured the event, except for the 1919 and 1920 editions of the South American Championships in Athletics.[5] The standing high jump retained some popularity as a championship event in Scandinavia in the second half of the century.[6][7]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 Paris |
 Ray Ewry (USA) |
Irving Baxter (USA) |
Lewis Sheldon (USA) |
| 1904 St. Louis |
Ray Ewry (USA) |
Joseph Stadler (USA) |
Lawson Robertson (USA) |
| 1908 London |
Ray Ewry (USA) |
John Biller (USA).svg.png){kind=small} Konstantinos Tsiklitiras (GRE) |
None awarded |
| 1912 Stockholm |
 Platt Adams (USA) |
Benjamin Adams (USA) |
Konstantinos Tsiklitiras (GRE) |
Intercalated Games
The 1906 Intercalated Games were held in Athens and at the time were officially recognised as part of the Olympic Games series, with the intention being to hold a games in Greece in two-year intervals between the internationally held Olympics. However, this plan never came to fruition and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) later decided not to recognise these games as part of the official Olympic series. Some sports historians continue to treat the results of these games as part of the Olympic canon.[8]
Continuing its presence since the first Olympics, a men's high jump event was contested at the 1906 Games. The competition rules were exhausting for the athletes as the bar was incremented by one centimetre each time and all athletes had to attempt each height. This caused the event to be postponed when darkness fell and competition resumed the following morning. Irishman Con Leahy won the event for Great Britain with a mark of 1.775 m. Lajos Gönczy of Hungary, a 1900 high jump medallist, returned to the Olympic podium with 1.75 m for second. American Bert Kerrigan, who also competed in the pole vault and standing long jump, took third place alongside Themistoklis Diakidis of Greece.[9]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1906 Athens |
Con Leahy (GBR) |
.svg.png){kind=small} Lajos Gönczy (HUN) |
Themistoklis Diakidis (GRE) Bert Kerrigan (USA) |
The standing high jump variant was also contested at the Intercalated Games. Ray Ewry, who entered as the undefeated Olympic champion in the event, won a further gold medal with his mark of 1.56 m (5 ft 11⁄4 in). Second place was a tie between Martin Sheridan, Léon Dupont and Lawson Robertson, whose joint marks of 1.40 m (4 ft 7 in) was some way behind the winner.[10]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1906 Athens |
Ray Ewry (USA) |
Martin Sheridan (USA) Léon Dupont (BEL) Lawson Robertson (USA) |
Non-canonical Olympic events
In addition to the main 1900 Olympic men's high jump, a handicap competition was held four days later. All of the podium finishers in the event had failed to medal in the main Olympic final. Tore Blom was first with 2.05 m (35 cm handicap), Gyula Strausz placed second in 2.00 m (also 35 cm), while third place went to Waldemar Steffen with 1.95 m (30 cm handicap).[11][12]
Two professionals-only contests were held in 1900. Mike Sweeney of the United States won with 1.80 m (the second best of the festival after Irv Baxter Olympic record in the amateur event). Another American, Otto Schoenfeld, was second in 1.75 m, while Noël Douet of France was third in 1.55 m. A handicap professional contest was also held but the results have not been located.[11][13]
The handicap event returned at the 1904 Summer Olympics and the three Olympic finalists who failed to win medals comprised the top three. Ervin Barker won with 1.88 m off a 4.5 inch handicap, Lajos Gönczy was runner-up with a mark of 1.80 m with a three-inch handicap, and Emil Freymark took third, recording 1.80 m with a five-inch handicap.[11]
These events are no longer considered part of the official Olympic history of the high jump or the athletics programme in general. Consequently, medals from these competitions have not been assigned to nations on the all-time medal tables.[11]
References
- Participation and athlete data
- Athletics Men's High Jump Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-03.
- Athletics Women's High Jump Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-03.
- Olympic record progressions
- Mallon, Bill (2012). TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS - OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS. Track and Field News. Retrieved on 2014-05-03.
- Specific
- ↑ 12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook Berlin 2009 (pgs. 554–55, 546, 644–5). IAAF (2009). Retrieved on 2014-05-03.
- ↑ Athletics Men's Standing Long Jump Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-07.
- 1 2 Ray Ewry. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-07.
- ↑ Athletics at the 1912 Stockholm Summer Games: Men's Standing High Jump. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-07.
- ↑ South American Championships (Men). GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-05-07.
- ↑ Norwegian Indoor Championships. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-05-07.
- ↑ Swedish Indoor Championships. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-05-07.
- ↑ 1906 Athina Summer Games. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-26.
- ↑ Athletics at the 1906 Athina Summer Games: Men's High Jump. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-03.
- ↑ Athletics at the 1906 Athina Summer Games: Men's Standing High Jump. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-07.
- 1 2 3 4 Handicap Olympic Athletics Events. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-04-18.
- ↑ Athletics at the 1900 Paris Summer Games: Men's High Jump, Handicap. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-05.
- ↑ Athletics at the 1900 Paris Summer Games: Men's High Jump, Professionals. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-05-05.
External links
- IAAF high jump homepage
- Official Olympics website
- Olympic athletics records from Track & Field News
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