Penwortham
| Penwortham | |
 St. Mary's Church |
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  Penwortham |
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| Population | 23,047 (2011) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | SD524290 |
| Civil parish | Penwortham |
| District | South Ribble |
| Shire county | Lancashire |
| Region | North West |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | PRESTON |
| Postcode district | PR1 |
| Dialling code | 01772 |
| Police | Lancashire |
| Fire | Lancashire |
| Ambulance | North West |
| EU Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | South Ribble |
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Coordinates: 53°44′N 2°43′W / 53.74°N 2.72°W
Penwortham (/ˈpɛnwərðəm/) is a town in South Ribble, Lancashire, England, on the south bank of the River Ribble facing the city of Preston. The town is at the most westerly crossing point of the river, with major road and rail links crossing it here. The population of the town at the 2011 census was 23,047.[1]
History
The distinctive town name is derived from pen (meaning a hill), weid (meaning ford) and ham (meaning settlement) with earlier names of Peneverdant and Pendrecham in 1200; Penwrtham in 1204; Penuertham in 1212; Penwortham 1260 and Penewrthamn in 1292.[2]
The town's history can be traced to pre-historic times with archaeological evidence showing that the ford at Middleforth was used to cross the Ribble. Penwortham was listed in the Domesday Book as "Penverdent". At the Norman conquest in 1066 the Barony was held by King Edward.[2] In the 12th century Penwortham was the head of a barony held by Warine Bussel which included a large part of Leyland Hundred and manors in West Derby and Amounderness. Penwortham Castle, a motte-and-bailey castle was built during the post-Norman conquest period overlooking the Ribble and its ford [2] by Roger of Poitou and served to guard the estuary and a ford crossing it. After Roger built Lancaster Castle, Penwortham declined in importance. Some evidence of this castle is still evident in St Mary's Churchyard but only the mound remains. In later centuries a manor house was built, but no evidence remains.
The barony was acquired by Roger de Lacy in 1205, and descended as part of the Honour of Clitheroe to the Earls and Dukes of Lancaster and the Crown.[2] In the 16th century there were disputes about suit and service due to the court of Penwortham from the members of the fee. Charles I sold the royal manor to Edward Ditchfield and others in 1628 and it later passed to the Faringtons of Worden in Leyland. Courts were held until the late 19th century. Court rolls and books are kept at Worden Hall.[2] Penwortham Priory was built in the west of the town.
Higher Penwortham has an old legend linked to it. The Fairy Funeral seen on the road through Penwortham Wood, was thought to forecast death.
Penwortham Hall, formerly called "The Lodge", was built in 1801 by John Horrocks, founder of the Preston cotton-manufacturing industry. It was sold by his son Peter to William Marshall, whose son Frederick died in 1889. It was left by Frederick to his sister, the wife of Rev. T. Ross Finch.[2] The property, which is a Grade II listed building, is today used as a series of private dwellings.[3]
The parish was part of Preston Rural District throughout its existence from 1894 to 1974.[4] In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of South Ribble.
Demography
Penwortham is one of the largest civil parishes by population in Lancashire, with a population of 23,436 recorded in the 2001 census.[5] The town's development closely resembles that of Preston.
Geography
The Middleforth, Lower Penwortham, area was developed during the Victorian period which is evidenced by the large number of terrace housing along Leyland Road and the surrounding streets. Higher Penwortham is characterised by its 1920s and onwards, post-war semi-detached housing.
In recent times there have been several new housing developments, especially around the Broad Oak Farm, Bee Lane, Kingsfold Drive, Stricklands Lane and Factory Lane areas of the town.
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River Ribble, Preston | River Ribble, Preston | River Ribble, Preston | |
| Ribble Estuary, |  |
Walton-le-Dale | ||
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| Hutton, New Longton | Whitestake, Farington | Lostock Hall |
Landmarks
Penwortham Priory was built for the Rawsthorne family and redesigned by the Cumbrian architect George Webster. The priory was demolished due to the rapid expansion of the area and the need for new housing. Penwortham Church Lodge was originally situated on Penwortham Hill towards Preston, but as a consequence of widening the A59 road the lodge was taken down and removed to a residential road in Hutton. Penwortham Water Tower was built in the late 19th century and has been converted to a dwelling. It is part of a development of semi-detached cottages built for employees of the local squire, Lawrence Rawstorne.[6]
Education
As well as a number of primary schools, the three high schools in Penwortham are All Hallows Catholic High School, Penwortham Girls' High School and Penwortham Priory Academy. All are situated in proximity to Liverpool Road, in the centre of the town.
Public services and amenities
Penwortham has two supermarkets, a Sainsbury's which was converted from a Kwik Save in 2007, and a Booth's which opened in the mid-1990s. There are three fish and chip shops.
Penwortham Leisure Centre, is part of Penwortham Priory Academy, whose swimming pool is used by the general public.
One of Lancashire's oldest charities, Galloway's Society for the Blind, established in 1867, has had its headquarters in Penwortham since 1950. The charity provides services to 6,500 blind and visually impaired people across Lancashire and beyond.
Transport
The area has now nearly merged with Preston with excellent transport links across the river. Higher Penwortham is situated on the A59 road which leads into Preston via the "Preston Flyover", which is the main crossing over the river.Penwortham Cop Lane railway station was on the West Lancashire Railway between Preston and Southport, until the line closed in 1964. The cutting which carried the railway under Cop Lane has been widened and now carries the A582 Penwortham bypass.
Bus routes serving Penwortham are provided by John Fishwick & Sons, Preston Bus and Stagecoach.[7] Frequent bus services are Fishwick's Preston–Leyland route and the Preston–Penwortham circular operated by Stagecoach.
Notable people
- Former footballer and now TV pundit Mark Lawrenson was born in Penwortham.
- WWE wrestler Wade Barrett (real name Stu Bennett) also grew up in Penwortham.
- Jessica Taylor from pop group Liberty X lived in Penwortham.
- Former England international and Ashes-winning cricketer Andrew Flintoff is currently signed to the local cricket club.
Community events
Throughout the year, many events are run in Penwortham to bring together the community and celebrate different occasions. The longest running event, Penwortham Gala, is held annually on Hurst Grange Park, starting with a procession of floats that are filled with children from local primary schools and community organisations. This is followed by entertainment, stalls and a funfair throughout the day and into the evening.[8] Penwortham Live had its second event after beginning in April 2013, as a festival of music, art, drama and poetry. Live entertainment was available over the weekend throughout many local businesses, predominantly on the main high street, Liverpool Road.[9] Penwortham Christmas market is an annual festive market located on Liverpool Road. A one-day event in December, offering craft stalls, gifts, food and drink and entertainment.[10]
See also
References
- ↑ "Town population 2011". Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 'Townships: Penwortham', A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 6 (1911), pp. 56-61 accessed 17 October 2010.
- ↑ "Penwortham Hall (incorporating Penwortham Lodge), Penwortham" at britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
- ↑ Preston RD, Vision of Britain, accessed 9 June 2014
- ↑ "Parish headcount" (PDF). Lancashire Parish Portal. Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-12-10. Retrieved 2009-01-10.
- ↑ http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/73144
- ↑ "Bus map & guide: Preston". Lancashire County Council. November 2010. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
- ↑ "Gala day for Penwortham". Lancashire Evening Post.
- ↑ "Penwortham Live returns for 2014". Blog Preston.
- ↑ "Penwortham Christmas Market". Where can we go.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Penwortham. |
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