Hugh B. Brown

Hugh B. Brown
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
January 18, 1970 – December 2, 1975
First Counselor in the First Presidency
October 4, 1963 – January 18, 1970
Called by	David O. McKay
End reason	Dissolution of First Presidency on the death of David O. McKay
Second Counselor in the First Presidency
October 12, 1961 – October 4, 1963
Called by	David O. McKay
End reason	Called as First Counselor in the First Presidency
Third Counselor in the First Presidency
June 22, 1961 – October 12, 1961
Called by	David O. McKay
End reason	Called as Second Counselor in the First Presidency
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
April 10, 1958 – June 22, 1961
Called by	David O. McKay
End reason	Called as Third Counselor in the First Presidency
Apostle
April 10, 1958 – December 2, 1975
Called by	David O. McKay
Reason	Death of Adam S. Bennion
Reorganization at end of term	David B. Haight ordained
Assistant to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
October 4, 1953 – April 10, 1958
Called by	David O. McKay
End reason	Called to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
Personal details
Born	Hugh Brown Brown October 24, 1883 Granger, Utah Territory, United States
Died	December 2, 1975 (aged 92) Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Resting place	Salt Lake City Cemetery 40°46′37.92″N 111°51′28.8″W / 40.7772000°N 111.858000°W

Hugh Brown Brown^[1] (October 24, 1883 – December 2, 1975) was an attorney, educator, author and leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was a member of the church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and First Presidency. Born in Utah, Brown held both American and Canadian citizenship.

Brown was a talented speaker, and was well known for conveying religious principles and exhortations through accounts of events in his life. His grandson, Edwin B. Firmage, noted:^[2] "Possessed at once with a sense of humor that refused him permission to take himself too seriously, and a profound spirituality based on true humility before God, he moved thousands with a style of classic oratory that will be sorely missed."

Early life

Zina Brown (wife)

Brown was born in Granger, Utah Territory, to Homer Manley Brown and Lydia Jane Brown. He later recorded the event of his birth: "It is alleged that I was born in Granger, Utah, in 1883, on the 24th of October. I was there but do not remember the event. However, my mother was an honest woman and I must take her word."^[2] His father had a small farm and orchard. When Brown was fourteen, Homer Brown left Utah with his oldest son to establish a farm in Spring Coulee, in western Canada. Brown was the oldest son left in Salt Lake City, and he and his sister Lillie, eighteen months his senior, took care of the farm and orchard until their father sent for the family.

Brown was fifteen when his family moved to southern Alberta, which was then part of the Northwest Territories. Shortly after his eighteenth birthday, he traveled to Logan, Utah, to attend Brigham Young College. Brown also attended Utah State Agricultural College. Dr. John A. Widtsoe suggested a career in agriculture for Brown. After a brief period at the college, Brown was called to England as a missionary for the LDS Church, serving under Heber J. Grant from 1904 to 1906. Upon his return, Brown married Zina Young Card, a childhood friend whom he married in 1908. They settled in Alberta and the first six of the couple's eight children were born there.

Military service

In 1912, Canadian leaders of the LDS Church asked Brown to go to Calgary and take military training preliminary to organizing a Mormon contingent for the Canadian reserves. The reserve cavalry unit was established in 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, and became part of the Thirteenth Overseas Mounted Rifles in 1915. By 1917, Brown had achieved the rank of major in the Canadian military. He would have attained a higher rank were it not for the prejudice that existed in the British Empire against the LDS Church. In one instance, he was told that he was denied further promotion; although the reason was not specified, Brown looked at the papers on the desk of the senior officer which stated, "This man is a Mormon."^[3]

Brown suffered other injustices from the military establishment, including being forced by a superior officer to sell a beloved horse. The Imperial military significantly influenced Brown, as shown in accounts of his service in his later writing, but he ultimately turned away from a military career.

Legal training

After returning to Canada, Brown was employed as a cowboy, farmer, and businessman. He renewed an interest in the study of law, which he began at the Law Society of Alberta prior to his military service, by working with Z. W. Jacobs, a Cardston barrister. Brown completed the five-year apprenticeship while working a farm he had purchased near Cardston. After passing the bar examination at the University of Alberta, he was admitted to the bar in 1921.

Health challenges

Brown suffered from a rare nerve disorder called Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also called Tic Douloureux, that has been called one of the most painful ailments known to mankind.^[4] He had TN attacks intermittently for about 20 years of his life, beginning in 1926.^[5] At Christmastime in 1944, while he was overseas during World War II, he sent a three-page, typewritten, single-spaced essay to his family titled, "An Unprofessional Analysis of 'Tic Douloureux' by a Surviving Victim". The letter states that he would "be glad to say goodbye to it forever." Brown had surgery to sever his trigeminal nerve in 1945, but the attacks returned while he was teaching at Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1946. He later underwent surgery again at the Mayo Clinic, where a section of his nerve was completely removed, leaving the left side of his head completely numb for the rest of his life.^[6]

LDS Church service

Brown was called as president of the Lethbridge Alberta Stake in 1921, which included all of Alberta north of the Lethbridge airport and the Northwest Territories (including present-day Nunavut).

Brown and his family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1927. He quickly became a successful lawyer and a partner in a law firm with J. Reuben Clark, Jr., Albert E. Bowen, and Preston D. Richards. He formed a lifelong allegiance with the U.S. Democratic Party, which led to an unsuccessful run for political office and a term of service as first chairman of Utah's Liquor Control Commission from 1935 to 1937. Brown was called as president of the Salt Lake Granite Stake.

Brown served as president of the British Mission from 1937 to 1940 and from 1944 to 1946. It was the first of many full-time church positions that brought him admiration and influence. As LDS Servicemen's Coordinator from 1941 to 1945, Brown traveled extensively in North America and western Europe as de facto chief chaplain for the thousands of Latter-day Saints in American, British, and Commonwealth uniforms; anecdotes born of this experience punctuated his sermons and writings thereafter.

Brown worked as a professor of religion at BYU from 1946 to 1950, while also serving as the school's co-ordinator of veterans affairs.^[7] He then worked as a senior employee with an Alberta oil prospecting firm from 1949 to 1953. Of his time in Alberta, he later wrote:^[2]

In October 1953, I was up in the Canadian Rockies, supervising the drilling of an oil well. Although my family were in good health and good spirits and I was making good money, I was deeply depressed and worried. Early one morning I went up into the mountains and talked with the Lord in prayer. I told Him that although it looked like I was going to become wealthy as a result of my oil ventures, if in His wisdom it would not be good for me or my family I hoped He would put an end to it.

This prayer preceded his call as an Assistant to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1953. Brown remained in this full-time ecclesiastical position for five years, until his call as a church apostle.

Brown was ordained an apostle and became a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on April 10, 1958, replacing Adam S. Bennion, who had died the previous February. He was called to the First Presidency as a third counselor to church president David O. McKay on June 22, 1961. He was called as Second Counselor in the First Presidency on October 12, 1961, upon the death of First Counselor J. Reuben Clark. He was later called as First Counselor in 1963 when the First Counselor, Henry D. Moyle, died.

As an apostle and a member of the First Presidency, Brown favored rescinding the LDS Church's restriction on people of black African descent holding the priesthood. He expected this change to take place in 1969, but the move was reportedly blocked by apostle Harold B. Lee.^[8] The change ultimately occurred in 1978, three years after Brown's death.

After McKay died on January 18, 1970, Brown was not retained as a counselor in the First Presidency by new church president Joseph Fielding Smith. Never before in the twentieth century had a new president of the church not called a surviving member of the previous First Presidency as a counselor. This unusual move was possibly due to Brown's support for allowing blacks to have the right to the priesthood and the fact that Brown had questioned if Smith should be appointed president due to his advanced age and poor health.^[9] Brown returned as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, where he remained until his death.

Death

Brown died in Salt Lake City and was buried in Salt Lake City Cemetery. After Brown's death, David B. Haight was called to fill the vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve.

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  Grave marker of Hugh B. Brown.
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  Grave marker of Hugh B. Brown and his wife Zina C. Brown.
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  Brown family grave marker.

Family

Among Hugh B. Brown and Zina Card Brown's children was Hugh Card Brown. This son was killed while serving in the military during World War II.^[7]

Quotations

• "A sense of relationship and copartnership with God involves the concept of universal brotherhood and that will help to develop intelligent tolerance, open-mindedness, and good-natured optimism. Life is really a battle between fear and faith, pessimism and optimism. Fear and pessimism paralyze men with skepticism and futility. One must have a sense of humor to be an optimist in times like these. And you young women will need a sense of humor if you marry these young men and try to live with them. Golden Kimball once said in a conference, 'The Lord Himself must like a joke or he wouldn't have made some of you people.' But your good humor must be real, not simulated. Let your smiles come from the heart and they will become contagious. You may see men on the street any day whose laugh is only a frozen grin with nothing in it but teeth. Men without humor tend to forget their source, lose sight of their goal, and with no lubrication in their mental crankshafts, they must drop out of the race. Lincoln said, 'Good humor is the oxygen of the soul.' And someone paraphrased, 'The surly bird catches the germ.'"^[10]
• "We are grateful in the Church and in this great university that the freedom, dignity and integrity of the individual is basic in Church doctrine as well as in democracy. Here we are free to think and express our opinions. Fear will not stifle thought, as is the case in some areas which have not yet emerged from the Dark Ages. God himself refuses to trammel man's free agency even though its exercise sometimes teaches painful lessons. Both creative science and revealed religion find their fullest and truest expression in the climate of freedom.
  "I hope that you will develop the questing spirit. Be unafraid of new ideas for they are the stepping stones of progress. You will of course respect the opinions of others but be unafraid to dissent—if you are informed.
  "Now I have mentioned freedom to express your thoughts, but I caution you that your thoughts and expressions must meet competition in the market place of thought, and in that competition truth will emerge triumphant. Only error needs to fear freedom of expression. Seek truth in all fields, and in that search you will need at least three virtues; courage, zest, and modesty. The ancients put that thought in the form of a prayer. They said, 'From the cowardice that shrinks from new truth, from the laziness that is content with half truth, from the arrogance that thinks it has all truth—O God of truth deliver us'." ^[11]

Published works

Brown was the author of at least six books, and two compilations were published of his writings.

• Brown, Charles Manley, ed. (1956). Eternal Quest, Selected Addresses of Hugh B. Brown. Bookcraft. ISBN B0007EO8BG.
• Brown, Hugh B. (1965). The Abundant Life (371 pages). Bookcraft. ISIN B0007E8X4O.
• Brown, Hugh B. (1961). Continuing the Quest. Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book Company. ISBN B0007FQJB2.
• --- (1998). God Is the Gardener and Profile of a Prophet. Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0-87579-974-4.
• --- (1962). Mormonism. Deseret Book Company. ISBN 1-59636-117-4. ISBN B0007G3TUA.
• --- (1978). Purity is Power. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ISBN B00071R3QG.
• --- (1971). Vision and Valor. Bookcraft. ISBN 0-938936-99-9. ISBN B0006C0P2K.
• --- (1987). You and Your Marriage. Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0-88494-078-0.
• Brown, Hugh B. and Firmage, Edwin B. (Aug. 15, 1999 Second, enlarged paperback edition). An Abundant Life: The Memoirs of Hugh B. Brown. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-123-3. Check date values in: |date= (help)

Notes

1. The maiden name of Brown's mother was "Brown". Brown was given his mother's maiden name as his second given name.
2. Edwin Brown Firmage, "Elder Hugh B. Brown, 1883–1975: In Memoriam", Ensign, January 1976, p. 86.
3. See Firmage, An Abundant Life; Hugh B. Brown, "The Current Bush", New Era, January 1973.
4. Okeson, JP (2005). "6". In Lindsay Harmon. Bell's orofacial pains: the clinical management of orofacial pain. Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. p. 114. ISBN 0-86715-439-X.
5. Firmage, Edwin (1999). An Abundant Life: The Memoirs of Hugh B. Brown. Signature Books.
6. Campbell, Eugene (1975). Hugh B. Brown, His Life and Thought. Bookcraft.
7. Leon R. Hartshorn. Outstanding Stories by General Authorities. (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book, 1975) Vol. 3, p. 17.
8. D. Michael Quinn, The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books, 1994) p. 14.
9. Bergera, Gary James (2007). "Tensions in David O. McKay's First Presidencies". Journal of Mormon History 33. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
10. Firmage, An Abundant Life, p. 50.
11. Hugh B. Brown, Brigham Young University, March 29, 1958.

References

• Bradley, Martha Sonntag and Mary Brown Firmage Woodward, 4 Zina's: A Story of Mothers and Daughters on the Mormon Frontier. Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2000. ISBN 1-56085-141-4.
• Campbell, Eugene E.; Richard Poll (1975). Hugh B. Brown: His Life and Thought. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft. ISBN 0-88494-293-7.
• Firmage, Edwin B., ed. (1999). An Abundant Life: The Memoirs of Hugh B. Brown. Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-123-6.