Humulus lupulus

Common hop
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Cannabaceae
Genus: Humulus
Species: H. lupulus
Binomial name
Humulus lupulus
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Humulus cordifolius Miq.
  • Humulus volubilis Salisb. nom. illeg.
  • Humulus vulgaris Gilib.
  • Lupulus amarus Gilib.
  • Lupulus communis Gaertn.
  • Lupulus humulus Mill.
  • Lupulus scandens Lam. nom. illeg.

Humulus lupulus (common hop or hop) is a species of flowering plant in the Cannabaceae family, native to Europe, western Asia and North America. It is a dioecious, perennial, herbaceous climbing plant which sends up new shoots in early spring and dies back to a cold-hardy rhizome in autumn. Strictly speaking it is a bine rather than a vine, using its own shoots to act as supports for new growth.

H. lupulus is an ingredient in most beers, and as such is widely cultivated for use by the brewing industry (for more information, see the main article on hops). The fragrant flower cones impart bitterness and flavor, and also have preservative qualities.[2] H. lupulus contains myrcene, humulene, xanthohumol, myrcenol, linalool, tannins, and resin.

Varieties

'Golden' hop

The five varieties of this species (Humulus lupulus) are:

Many cultivated varieties are found in the list of hop varieties. A pale, ornamental variety, Humulus lupulus 'Aureus', is cultivated for garden use. It is also known as golden hop, and holds the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (AGM).[3]

Uses

Main article: Hops

Pests and diseases

Animal pests

Diseases

Main article: List of hop diseases

Popularity

H. lupulus was voted the county flower of Kent in 2002 following a poll by the wild flora conservation charity Plantlife.[4]

Research

See also

References

  1. The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 2 February 2016
  2. "Antimicrobial screening of essential oils and extracts of some Humulus lupulus L. cultivars". Pharm Weekbl Sci 14 (6): 353–356. 1992. PMID 1475174.
  3. "Humulus lupulus 'Aureus' AGM". RHS Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
  4. Plantlife website County Flowers page
  5. "Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. June 1999. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  6. "Hops [CO2] Extract". Toms of Maine. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
  7. Rozalski M, Micota B, Sadowska B, Stochmal A, Jedrejek D, Wieckowska-Szakiel M, Rozalska B (2013). "Antiadherent and Antibiofilm Activity of Humulus lupulus L. Derived Products: New Pharmacological Properties". BioMed Research International. Article ID 101089: 101089. doi:10.1155/2013/101089. PMID 24175280.

External links

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