Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States
The fleet of hybrid electric vehicles in the United States is the second largest in the world after Japan.[6] Since their inception in 1999, a total of 3,540,199 hybrid electric automobiles and SUVs have been sold in the country through December 2014.[1][2][3][4][5] Cumulative sales since 1999 passed the 2 million mark in May 2011[7] and the 3 million milestone in October 2013.[8] The top selling hybrid electric vehicle in the country is the conventional Toyota Prius, which passed the 1 million mark in April 2011,[9] and has sold 1,498,616 units since 2000 through December 2014, representing a 48.5% market share of all hybrids sold in the U.S. since 1999.[1][2][3][4][5] Cumulative sales of the Prius nameplate reached 1.5 million units in October 2013,[10] representing a 50.1% market share of total hybrid sales in the U.S.[1][2][3][11][12] As of December 2014, the conventional Prius is followed by the Toyota Camry Hybrid, with 308,424 units sold since 2006, and the Honda Civic Hybrid, with cumulative sales of 229,161 vehicles since 2002.[1][2][3][4][5]
California has been the state leading hybrid sales in the U.S. with 55,553 vehicles sold in 2009,[13] 74,932 in 2008,[14] and 91,417 in 2007.[15] In 2009 it was followed by New York (15,438) and Florida (14,949).[13] In terms of new hybrids sold per capita, the District of Columbia was the leader in 2009 with 3.79 hybrids per 1000 residents, followed by California (1.54) and Washington (1.53).[13] The top 5 U. S. metropolitan area markets for sales of hybrid electric vehicles in 2009 were Los Angeles (26,677), New York (21,193), San Francisco (15,799), Washington, D.C. (11,595), and Chicago (8,990).[13] From January to July 2013, the three cities with the highest electric drive car registrations, including hybrids, all-electric cars and plug-in hybrids, were all located in California: Atherton (19.4%) and Los Altos (16.1%) in the Silicon Valley, followed by Santa Monica (15.0%), located in Los Angeles County.[16][17]
Purchases from the Obama administration accounted for 25% of Ford and General Motors hybrid-electric vehicles sold between January 2009 and late 2010. During this period hybrids accounted for about 10% of the 145,473 vehicles bought by the U.S. General Services Administration.[18]
Markets and sales
Since their inception in 1999, a total of 3,540,199 hybrid electric automobiles and SUVs have been sold in the country through December 2014, led by the Toyota Prius with 1,498,616 units sold since 2000 through December 2014, representing a 48.5% market share of all hybrids sold in the U.S. since their inception.[1][2][3][4][5] The Toyota Prius family is the market leader with 1,731,717 units sold through December 2014, representing a 48.9% market share of total hybrid sales in the U.S.[1][2][3][4][5] Out of the 5.125 million hybrids sold by Toyota Motor Company worldwide through March 2013, the United States accounted for 38% of TMC global hybrid sales.[19]
Sales of Prius family vehicles in California represented 26% of all Prius purchases in the U.S. during 2012. With 60,688 units sold during this year, the Prius became the best selling nameplate in California, ahead of the previous leader, the Honda Civic (57,124 units) and the third ranked, the Toyota Camry (50,250 units).[20] Again in 2013, the Prius nameplate was the best selling vehicle in California with 69,728 units sold in the state, ahead of the Honda Civic (66,982) and the Honda Accord (63,194).[21][22] Nationwide, the best selling vehicle in 2013 was the Ford F-Series pickup, which has been the best selling vehicle for more than three decades.[23]
As of December 2014, sales of the conventional Prius are followed by the Toyota Camry Hybrid, with 308,424 units sold since 2006, and the Honda Civic Hybrid, with cumulative sales of 229,161 vehicles since 2002 through 2014.[1][2][3][4][5] Among the hybrids built by American manufacturers, the siblings Lincoln MKZ/Mercury Milan/Fusion Hybrids, with combined sales of 167,815 units since 2009 through 2014, are the top selling models; followed by the Ford Escape Hybrid and its sibling the Mercury Mariner Hybrid with combined sales of 130,803 vehicles between 2004 and 2012, when the hybrid lineup was discontinued. Ranking next is the Ford C-Max Hybrid, with 58,153 units sold since 2012 through 2014, and the Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid with 38,145 units since 2008.[1][2][3][4][5]
- 2012
A total of 434,498 hybrid electric vehicles were sold during 2012, and the hybrid market share of total new car sales in the country was 3.0%, up from 2.1% in 2011.[3] The top five selling hybrids during 2012 were the Toyota Prius liftback (147,503), the second generation Camry Hybrid (45,626), Prius v (1,669), Prius c (35,733), and the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid (20,754).[3] Toyota sold 223,905 Priuses among the various HEV family members in the U.S. in 2012, representing together a market share of 51.5% of all hybrid sold in the country that year.[3]
- 2013
During 2013 hybrid sales totaled 495,685 units, up 14.1% from 2012 and representing a market share of 3.19% of new car sales.[4] The top five selling hybrids during this period were the conventional Prius (145,172), second generation Camry Hybrid (44,448), Prius c (41,979), second generation Fusion Hybrid (37,270), and the Prius v (34,989).[4] Combined Prius family vehicles reached 222,140 units representing a market share of 44.8%, down from 51.5% in the year 2012,[3][4] while Ford Motor Company increased its market share of the conventional hybrid market from 7.5% in 2012 to 14.7% in 2013.[4][24]
Ford experienced record sales of its hybrids models in the U.S. during 2013, with 72,795 units sold, almost triple the 2012 total.[4][25] During the second quarter of 2013 Ford achieved its best hybrid sales quarter ever, up 517% over the same quarter of 2012.[26] In 2013 Toyota’s hybrid market share in the U.S. declined from 2012 totals due to new competition, particularly from Ford with the arrival of new products such as the C-Max Hybrid and the new styling of the Fusion. Except for the Prius c, sales of the other models of the Prius family and the Camry Hybrid suffered a decline from 2012, while the Fusion Hybrid experienced a 164.3% increased from 2012, and C-Max Hybrid sales climbed 156.6%.[4]
- 2014
Hybrid sales totaled 452,152 units, down 8.8% from the previous year. The hybrid market share was 2.75% of new car sales, down from 3.19% in 2013, and the lowest since 2011. The best selling Prius Liftback was down 15.4% from 2013, driving the decline in sales of the segment.[5] The top five selling hybrids in 2014 were the conventional Prius (122,776), Prius c (40,570), second generation Camry Hybrid (39,515), second generation Fusion Hybrid (35,405), and the Prius v (30,762), all down from the previous year.[5] Combined Prius family vehicles reached 194,108 units representing a market share of 42.9%, down from 44.8% the previous year.[4][5] Some of the few models with a significant growth in their year-to-year sales were the second generation Honda Accord, Infinti Q50 Hybrid, Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid, and the Chevrolet Impala eAssist.[5]
Historical sales 1999-2014
The following table presents historical hybrid sales figures by vehicle model in the United States since 1999 through December 30, 2014, in order of total historical sales from 1999 to 2014.[1][2][4][5] Family of vehicles sharing nameplate/marque (i.e. Toyota Prius) or exactly the same powertrain (i.e. Ford Fusion Hybrid and Lincoln MKZ Hybrid) are grouped together.
Annual hybrid electric vehicle sales in the United States by model between 1999 and 2014 | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vehicle | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Total 1999-2014 |
Toyota Prius Prius c Prius v | 5,562 | 15,556 | 20,119 | 24,600 | 53,991 | 107,897 | 106,971 | 181,221 | 158,574 | 139,682 | 140,928 | 136,463(2) | 147,503 | 145,172 | 122,776 | 1,498,616 | |
35,733 | 41,979 | 40,570 | 118,282 | ||||||||||||||
40,669 | 34,989 | 30,762 | 114,819 | ||||||||||||||
223,905 | 222,140 | 274,500 | 1,731,717 | ||||||||||||||
Toyota Camry | 31,341 | 54,477 | 46,272 | 22,887 | 14,587 | 9,241 | 45,656 | 44,448 | 39,515 | 308,424 | |||||||
Honda Civic | 13,700 | 21,800 | 25,571 | 25,864 | 31,251 | 32,575 | 31,297 | 15,119 | 7,336 | 4,703 | 7,156 | 7,719 | 5,070 | 229,161 | |||
Ford Fusion Lincoln MKZ Mercury Milan | 15,554 0 1,468 | 20,816 1,192 1,416 | 11,286 5,739 0 | 14,100 6,067 0 | 37,270 7,469 0 | 35,405 10,033 0 | 134,431 30,500 2,884 | ||||||||||
17,022 | 23,424 | 17,025 | 20,167 | 44,739 | 45,438 | 167,815 | |||||||||||
Lexus RX400h/450h | 20,674 | 20,161 | 17,291 | 15,200 | 14,464 | 15,119 | 10,723 | 12,223 | 11,307 | 9,351 | 146,513 | ||||||
Ford Escape Mercury Mariner | 2,993 0 | 18,797 998 | 20,149 3,174 | 21,386 3,722 | 17,173 2,329 | 14,787 1,693 | 11,182 890 | 10,089 0 | 1,441 0 | 0 0 | 0 0 | 117,997 12,806 | |||||
2,993 | 19,795 | 23,323 | 25,108 | 19,502 | 16,480 | 12,072 | 10,089 | 1,441 | 0 | 0 | 130,803 | ||||||
Toyota Highlander | 17,989 | 31,485 | 22,052 | 19,441 | 11,086 | 7,456 | 4,549 | 5,291 | 5,070 | 3,621 | 128,040 | ||||||
Hyundai Sonata Kia Optima | 19,672(2) | 20,754 | 21,761 | 21,052 | 83,240 | ||||||||||||
10,084 | 13,919 | 13,776 | 37,779 | ||||||||||||||
30,838 | 35,680 | 34,828 | 121,019 | ||||||||||||||
Honda Insight | 17 | 3,788 | 4,726 | 2,216 | 1,200 | 583 | 666 | 722 | 0 | 0 | 20,572 | 20,962 | 15,549 | 5,846 | 4,802 | 3,965 | 85,614 |
Lexus CT 200h | 14,381 | 17,671 | 15,071 | 17,673 | 64,796 | ||||||||||||
Ford C-Max Hybrid | 10,935 | 28,056 | 19,162 | 58,153 | |||||||||||||
Honda Accord | 1,061 | 16,826 | 5,598 | 3,405 | 196 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 979 | 13,977 | 42,042 | |||||
Chevrolet Malibu | 2,093 | 4,162 | 405 | 24 | 16,664 | 13,779 | 1,018 | 38,145 | |||||||||
Nissan Altima | 8,388 | 8,819 | 9,357 | 6,710 | 3,236 | 103 | 0 | 0 | 36,613 | ||||||||
Lexus ES 300h | 7,041 | 16,562 | 14,837 | 38,440 | |||||||||||||
Toyota Avalon | 747 | 16,468 | 17,048 | 34,263 | |||||||||||||
Honda CR-Z | 5,249 | 11,330 | 4,192 | 4,550 | 3,562 | 28,883 | |||||||||||
Buick LaCrosse eAssist | 1,801 | 12,010 | 7,133 | 7,353 | 28,297 | ||||||||||||
Lexus HS 250h | 6,699 | 10,663 | 2,864 | 649 | 5 | 0 | 20,880 | ||||||||||
Chevy Tahoe GMC Yukon | 3,745 1,610 | 3,300 1,933 | 1,426 1,221 | 519 598 | 533 560 | 376 288 | 65 31 | 9,964 6,241 | |||||||||
5,355 | 5,233 | 2,647 | 1,117 | 1,093 | 664 | 96 | 16,205 | ||||||||||
Saturn Vue | 4,403 | 2,920 | 2,656 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10,029 | ||||||||
Subaru XV Crosstrek Hybrid | 7,926 | 7,926 | |||||||||||||||
Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid | 162 | 5,655 | 1,939 | 7,756 | |||||||||||||
Lexus GS 450h | 1,784 | 1,645 | 678 | 469 | 305 | 282 | 607 | 522 | 183 | 6,475 | |||||||
Chevrolet Silverado GMC Sierra | 1,598 0 | 2,393 0 | 1,165 0 | 469 471 | 104 65 | 5,729 536 | |||||||||||
940 | 169 | 30 | 6,295 | ||||||||||||||
Cadillac Escalade | 801 | 1,958 | 1,210 | 819 | 708 | 372 | 41 | 5,909 | |||||||||
Buick Regal eAssist | 123 | 2,654 | 2,893 | 662 | 6,332 | ||||||||||||
Porsche Cayenne | 206 | 1,571 | 1,180 | 615 | 650 | 4,222 | |||||||||||
Infiniti Q50 | 307 | 3,456 | 3,763 | ||||||||||||||
Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid | 334 | 2,480 | 2,814 | ||||||||||||||
Acura ILX | 972 | 1,461 | 379 | 2,812 | |||||||||||||
Lexus LS600hL | 937 | 907 | 258 | 129 | 84 | 54 | 115 | 65 | 2,549 | ||||||||
Infiniti QX60 Hybrid | 676 | 1,678 | 2,354 | ||||||||||||||
Infiniti M35h/Q70 | 378 | 691 | 475 | 180 | 1,724 | ||||||||||||
Saturn Aura | 772 | 285 | 527 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,638 | ||||||||
BMW ActiveHybrid 3 | 402 | 905 | 151 | 1,458 | |||||||||||||
Audi Q5 Hybrid | 270 | 854 | 283 | 1,407 | |||||||||||||
Mercedes-Benz S400 | 801 | 309 | 121 | 64 | 10 | 1,305 | |||||||||||
Mazda Tribute | 570 | 484 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 1,144 | |||||||||||
BMW ActiveHybrid 5 | 404 | 520 | 112 | 1,036 | |||||||||||||
Volkswagen Touareg Hybrid | 390 | 250 | 118 | 30 | 788 | ||||||||||||
Porsche Panamera S | 52 | 570 | 164 | 0 | 786 | ||||||||||||
BMW ActiveHybrid 7 | 102 | 338 | 231 | 31 | 45 | 747 | |||||||||||
Mercedes-Benz ML450 | 627 | 1 | 20 | 11 | 20 | 679 | |||||||||||
Chevrolet Impala eAssist | 56 | 565 | 621 | ||||||||||||||
Mercedes-Benz E400 Hybrid | 282 | 158 | 440 | ||||||||||||||
Lexus NX Hybrid | 354 | 354 | |||||||||||||||
BMW ActiveHybrid X6 | 205 | 43 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 252 | |||||||||||
Acura RLX Hybrid | 133 | 133 | |||||||||||||||
Chrysler Aspen | 46 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | |||||||||
Dodge Durango | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | ||||||||||
All hybrids sold | 17 | 9,350 | 20,282 | 36,035 | 47,600 | 84,199 | 209,711 | 252,636 | 352,274 | 312,386 | 290,271 | 274,210 | 268,752 | 434,498 | 495,771 | 452,152 | 3,540,199 |
New car sales (millions)[4][5][27][28] | 16.043 | 15.869 | 14.646 | 15.067 | 14.754 | 15.012 | 14.966 | 14.264 | 13.819 | 13.195 | 10.402 | 11.589 | 12.734 | 14.442 | 15.531 | 16.435 | 228.766 |
Hybrid market share | 0.0001% | 0.06% | 0.14% | 0.24% | 0.32% | 0.56% | 1.40% | 1.77% | 2.55% | 2.37% | 2.79% | 2.37% | 2.11% | 3.01% | 3.19% | 2.75% | 1.55% |
Notes: (1) Sources: 2011, 2012 and 2013 HybridCars.com,[2][3][4] all other figures from Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center (U.S. DoE).[1] (2) For 2011 Toyota reported consolidated figures for the Prius family, therefore during 2011, sales of the Toyota Prius v, which began sales by mid October 2011, were reported together with the conventional Prius liftback. The figure breaks down in 128,064 conventional Prius and 8,399 Prius v. During 2011, sales of the Kia Optima Hybrid were reported together with the Hyundai Sonata.[2][3] | |||||||||||||||||
Geographical distribution
The top 5 U. S. metropolitan area markets for sales of hybrid electric vehicles in 2009 were Los Angeles (26,677), New York (21,193), San Francisco (15,799), Washington, D.C. (11,595), and Chicago (8,990).[13] The following table summarizes the top metropolitan area markets in terms of new hybrids sold per capita.
Top U.S. metropolitan markets for hybrid electric vehicles in 2008-2009[13][29] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank 2009 | Metropolitan Area | New registered hybrids per 1000 households (2009) | Rank 2008 | Metropolitan Area | New registered hybrids per 1000 households (2008) |
1 | Portland, OR | 8.8 | 1 | Portland, OR | 12.17 |
2 | Helena, MT | 6.7 | 2 | San Francisco, CA | 8.84 |
3 | San Francisco, CA | 6.7 | 3 | Monterey, CA | 7.16 |
4 | Washington, DC | 5.1 | 4 | Santa Barbara, CA | 6.94 |
5 | Los Angeles, CA | 4.8 | 5 | San Diego, CA | 6.57 |
6 | San Diego, CA | 4.7 | 6 | Los Angeles, CA | 6.08 |
7 | Seattle, WA | 4.7 | 7 | Charlottesville, VA | 5.42 |
8 | Juneau, AK | 4.6 | 8 | Seattle, WA | 4.90 |
9 | Santa Barbara, CA | 4.4 | 9 | Washington, DC | 4.85 |
10 | Monterey, CA | 4.3 | 10 | Sacramento, CA | 4.85 |
U.S. metropolitan area average | 1.8 | U.S. metropolitan area average | 2.18 |
Considering hybrid sales between January 2010 through September 2011, the top selling metropolitan region was the San Francisco Bay Area, with 8.4% of all new cars sold during that period, followed by Monterey-Salinas with 6.9%, and Eugene, Oregon, with 6.1%. The following seven top selling markets are also on the West Coast, including Seattle-Tacoma and Los Angeles with 5.7%, San Diego with 5.6%, and Portland with 5.4%. The Washington D.C. Metro Area, with 4.2%, is the next best selling region out of the West Coast.[30]
Economical and environmental performance comparison
among hybrid models sold in the U.S. (models 2009-2016)[31][32]
Vehicle | Year model | EPA City mileage (mpg) | EPA Highway mileage (mpg) | Annual fuel cost (1) (USD) | Tailpipe emissions (grams per mile CO2) | EPA Air Pollution Score(2) | Annual Petroleum Use (barrel) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)[33] | 2016 | 58 | 53 | $550 | 158 | 7/8* | 6.6 |
Toyota Prius (4th gen)[33] | 2016 | 54 | 50 | $600 | 170 | 10* | 5.9 |
Toyota Prius c | 2012/16 | 53 | 46 | $600 | 178 | 10* | 6.3 |
Toyota Prius (3rd gen) | 2010/15 | 51 | 48 | $600 | 178 | 8/9* | 6.6 |
Honda Accord (2nd gen) | 2014/15 | 50 | 45 | $650 | 188 | NA | 7.0 |
Toyota Prius (2nd gen) | 2009 | 48 | 45 | $700 | 193 | 8/9* | 7.2 |
Honda Civic Hybrid (3rd gen) | 2014/15 | 45 | 47 | $700 | 196 | 10/9 | 7.3 |
Honda Civic Hybrid (3rd gen) | 2012/13 | 44 | 44 | $700 | 202 | 7/8 | 7.5 |
Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid | 2013/16 | 42 | 48 | $850 | 200 | 9/9* | 7.3 |
Ford Fusion (2nd gen) | 2013/16 | 44 | 41 | $750 | 209 | 7/9* | 7.8 |
Toyota Prius v | 2012/16 | 44 | 40 | $750 | 212 | 7/8* | 7.8 |
Lexus CT 200h | 2011/16 | 43 | 40 | $750 | 212 | 7/8* | 7.8 |
Honda Insight (2nd gen) | 2012/14 | 41 | 44 | $750 | 212 | 7/8 | 7.8 |
2010/11 | 40 | 43 | $750 | 217 | 7/8 | 8.0 | |
Honda Civic Hybrid (2nd gen) | 2011 | 40 | 43 | $750 | 217 | 8 | 8.0 |
2009/10 | 40 | 45 | $750 | 212 | 9 | 7.8 | |
Hyundai Sonata Hybrid SE | 2016 | 40 | 44 | $750 | 215 | 9 | 7.8 |
Toyota Camry Hybrid LE (XV50) Toyota Camry Hybrid XLE (XV50) | 2012/16 | 43 | 39 | $750 | 217 | 7/9* | 8.0 |
40 | 38 | $750 | 222 | 7/9* | 8.2 | ||
Lexus ES 300h | 2013/16 | 40 | 39 | $750 | 222 | 7/8* | 8.2 |
Toyota Avalon Hybrid | 2013/16 | 40 | 39 | $750 | 224 | 7/8* | 8.2 |
Ford C-Max Hybrid | 2013/16 | 42 | 37 | $750 | 225 | 7/9* | 8.2 |
Ford Fusion Hybrid Mercury Milan Hybrid Lincoln MKZ Hybrid | 2010/12 | 41 | 36 | $800 | 228 | 7 | 8.4 |
2010/11 | 41 | 36 | $800 | 228 | 7 | 8.4 | |
2011/12 | 41 | 36 | $800 | 228 | 7 | 8.4 | |
Lincoln MKZ Hybrid (2nd gen) | 2013/14 | 38 | 37 | $800 | 233 | 7/9 | 8.7 |
Acura ILX Hybrid | 2013/14 | 39 | 38 | $1,00 | 234 | 7/9* | 8.7 |
Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Kia Optima Hybrid | 2013/15 | 36 | 40 | $800 | 237 | 9 | 8.7 |
2011/12 | 34 | 39 | $800 | 212 | 9 | 9.1 | |
Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Limited Kia Optima Hybrid EX | 2013/15 | 36 | 40 | $850 | 239 | 8 | 8.9 |
2011/12 | 35 | 39 | $850 | 242 | 8 | 8.9 | |
Honda CR-Z CVT | 2013/15 | 36 | 39 | $850 | 238 | 8/9* | 8.9 |
2011/12 | 35 | 39 | $850 | 240 | 8/9* | 8.9 | |
Lexus HS 250h | 2010/12 | 35 | 34 | $850 | 254 | 7/8* | 9.4 |
Honda CR-Z Manual 6 spd | 2013/16 | 31 | 38 | $900 | 261 | 9/9* | 9.7 |
2011/12 | 31 | 37 | $900 | 261 | 9/9* | 9.7 | |
Nissan Altima Hybrid | 2009/10 | 35 | 33 | $900 | 261 | 9.0* | 9.7 |
2011 | 33 | 33 | $950 | 269 | 9* | 10.0 | |
Toyota Camry Hybrid (XV40) | 2009/10 | 33 | 34 | $900 | 261 | 7 | 9.7 |
2011 | 31 | 35 | $950 | 269 | 7 | 10.0 | |
Lexus NX 300h | 2015/16 | 35 | 31 | $950 | 270 | 8 | 10.0 |
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD | 2016 | 34 | 31 | $950 | 270 | 8 | 10.0 |
Ford Escape Hybrid FWD(3) Ford Escape Hybrid 4WD | 2010/12 | 34 | 31 | $950 | 278 | 7 | 10.3 |
2010/12 | 30 | 27 | $1,050 | 306 | 7 | 11.4 | |
Infiniti Q50 | 2014/15 | 29 | 36 | $1,200 | 286 | 6 | 10.6 |
Lexus GS 450h | 2013/16 | 29 | 34 | $1,200 | 283 | 8 | 10.6 |
Lexus RX 450h Lexus RX 450h AWD | 2010/15 | 32 | 28 | $1,250 | 297 | 6 | 11 |
2014/16 | 30 | 28 | $1,250 | 309 | NA | 11.4 | |
Infiniti M35h Infiniti M35h AWD | 2012/13 | 27 | 32 | $1,300 | 306 | 6 | 11.4 |
Chevrolet Malibu eAssist Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid | 2013/14 | 25 | 37 | $1,050 | 305 | 5 | 11.4 |
2009/10 | 26 | 34 | $1,050 | 306 | 5 | 11.4 | |
Buick Regal eAssist Buick LaCrosse eAssist | 2012/13 | 25 | 36 | $1,050 | 305 | 5 | 11.4 |
Buick Regal eAssist Buick LaCrosse eAssist | 2014 | 25 | 36 | $1,050 | 308 | 5/8 | 11.4 |
Chevrolet Impala eAssist | 2013/14 | 25 | 35 | $1,050 | 308 | 5/8 | 11.4 |
Toyota Highlander Hybrid 4WD | 2011/16 | 28 | 28 | $1,100 | 317 | 8 | 11.8 |
2009/10 | 27 | 25 | $1,200 | 342 | 8 | 12.7 | |
Saturn Vue Hybrid 6 cyl, 3.6L Saturn Vue Hybrid 4 cyl, 2.4 L | 2009 | 27 | 30 | $1,100 | 317 | NA | 11.8 |
2009/10 | 25 | 32 | $1,100 | 317 | 6 | 11.8 | |
BMW ActiveHybrid 3 | 2013/15 | 25 | 33 | $1,350 | 313 | 6 | 11.8 |
Mercedes-Benz E400 Hybrid | 2013/15 | 24 | 30 | $1,450 | 336 | 9/9 | 12.7 |
Audi Q5 Hybrid | 2013/16 | 24 | 30 | $1,450 | 337 | 6/6 | 12.7 |
BMW ActiveHybrid 5 | 2013/16 | 23 | 30 | $1,450 | 346 | 6 | 12.7 |
BMW ActiveHybrid 7/7L | 2013/15 | 22 | 30 | $1,500 | 350 | 6 | 13.2 |
2011/12 | 17 | 24 | $1,900 | 444 | 6 | 16.5 | |
Porsche Panamera S Hybrid | 2012/13 | 22 | 30 | $1,500 | 364 | 6 | 13.2 |
Lexus GS 450h | 2009/11 | 22 | 25 | $1,650 | 386 | 7 | 14.3 |
Mercedes-Benz ML450 | 2010/11 | 20 | 24 | $1,700 | 404 | 8 | 15.0 |
Porshe Cayenne S Hybrid | 2011/14 | 20 | 24 | $1,800 | 413 | 6 | 15.7 |
VW Touareg Hybrid | 2011/15 | 20 | 24 | $1,800 | 413 | 6 | 15.7 |
Mercedes-Benz S400 | 2010/13 | 19 | 25 | $1,800 | 414 | 9 | 15.7 |
Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2WD/4WD Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2WD Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2WD | 2011 to 2013 | 20 | 23 | $2,500 | 415 | 6 | 15.7 |
2010 | 21 | 22 | $2,400 | 404 | NA | 15.0 | |
2009 | 20 | 21 | $2,650 | 444 | 5 | 16.5 | |
Dodge Durango HEV 4WD | 2009 | 20 | 22 | $2,500 | 423 | NA | 15.7 |
Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid 2WD Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid 4WD Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid 2WD GMC Sierra Hybrid 2WD GMC Yukon Hybrid2WD Silverado/Tahoe/Sierra/Yukon 4WD | 2009 | 21 | 22 | $2,500 | 423 | 5 | 15.7 |
2009 | 20 | 20 | $2,650 | 444 | 5 | 16.5 | |
2010 | 21 | 22 | $2,400 | 404 | 5 | 15.0 | |
2011 to 2013 | 20 | 23 | $2,500 | 418 | 6 | 15.7 | |
2011 to 2013 | 20 | 23 | $2,500 | 423 | 6 | 15.7 | |
Lexus LS 600h L | 2009/10 | 20 | 22 | $2,750 | 423 | 8 | 15.7 |
2011 to 2013 | 19 | 23 | $2,850 | 444 | 8 | 16.5 | |
BMW ActiveHybrid X6 | 2011 | 17 | 19 | $3,200 | 494 | 5/6 | 18.3 |
Source: U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency[31] Notes: (1) Estimates assumes 15,000 miles (24,000 km) per year (45% highway, 55% city) using average fuel price US$2.04/gallon for regular gasoline and US$2.51/gallon for premium gasoline (national average as of December 18, 2015).[34] (2) All states except California and Northeastern states, * otherwise. (3) Performance is the same for the Mazda Tribute Hybrid 2WD and the Mercury Mariner Hybrid 2WD. |
See also
- Alternative fuel vehicle
- Comparison of Toyota hybrids
- Electric car
- Flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States
- Green vehicle
- Government incentives for fuel efficient vehicles in the United States
- Hydrogen vehicle
- Plug-in electric vehicle
- Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States
- Plug-in hybrid
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "U.S. HEV sales by Model (1999-2013)". Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center (U.S. DoE). Retrieved 2015-01-18. Click on the graph to show sales by model and year total. Source: HybridCars.com)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "December 2011 Dashboard: Sales Still Climbing". HybridCARS.com. 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Jeff Cobb (2013-04-22). "December 2012 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-09-10. See the section: December 2012 Hybrid Cars Numbers. A total of 434,498 hybrid electric vehicles were sold during 2012. Ford sold 32,543 hybrids in the U.S. during 2012, including 14,100 Ford Fusion Hybrids, 10,935 C-Max Hybrids, 6,067 Lincoln MKZ Hybrids, and 1,441 Ford Escape Hybrids.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Jeff Cobb (2014-01-06). "December 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Jeff Cobb (2015-01-06). "December 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
- ↑ 国内のHV車販売、100万台突破へ…14年 [Domestic hybrid car sales, one million unit mark topped in 2014]. Yomiuri Shimbun (in Japanese). 2014-12-30. Retrieved 2015-01-24. Over 1 million hybrid electric cars were sold in Japan in 2014.
- ↑ Christie Schweinsberg (2011-06-07). "U.S. Hybrid Sales Hit 2 Million Mark". Ward's. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ↑ Jeff Cobb (2013-11-04). "Americans Buy Their 3,000,000th Hybrid". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
- ↑ "Toyota sells One-Millionth Prius in the US". Green Car Congress. 2011-04-06. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ↑ Toyota USA (2013-10-16). "2014 Toyota Prius Continues to Dominate the Hybrid Category". Toyota USA Newsroom. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
- ↑ Jeff Cobb (2013-10-03). "September 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-10-03. See the section: September 2013 Hybrid Car Sales Numbers: A total of 389,910 hybrid vehicles were sold in the U.S. between January and September 2013.
- ↑ Jeff Cobb (2013-12-05). "November 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-12-09.See the section: U.S. Hybrid sales for November 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "December 2009 Dashboard: Year-End Tally". hybridCars.com. 2010-01-20. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
- ↑ "February 2009 Hybrid Market Dashboard" (PDF). hybridCars.com. 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
- ↑ "February 2008 Hybrid Market Dashboard" (PDF). hybridCars.com. 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
- ↑ Greg Asciutto (2013-09-25). "Santa Monica a top city for electric vehicles". Santa Monica Daily Press. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ↑ Jaclyn Trop (2013-09-20). "Santa Monica Bets on Electric Cars, but Consumers Are Slow to Switch". The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ↑ Scott Doggett (2010-11-23). "Obama Administration Buys Nearly 1 in 4 Hybrids as Consumer Market Slumps". Edmunds.com. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
- ↑ Toyota Press Room (2013-04-17). "Toyota cumulative global hybrid sales pass 5M, nearly 2M in US". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
- ↑ Jerry Hirsch (2013-01-22). "Toyota Prius topples Honda Civic as bestselling car in California". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-01-22. The sales figure includes the Prius liftback, Prius v, Prius c and Prius PHV.
- ↑ Bloomberg (2014-02-13). "Toyota Prius keeps Calif. sales crown; Tesla moves up". Automotive News. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ California New Car Dealers Association (CNCDA) (February 2014). "California Auto Outlook: Fourth Quarter 2013". CNCDA. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ Jerry Hirsch (2014-02-15). "California auto buyers favor Toyota Prius; rest of U.S. prefers trucks". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
- ↑ Craig Trudell (2013-12-30). "Ford Widens U.S. Sales Lead Over Toyota on Hybrid Models". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
- ↑ PR Newswire (2013-07-23). "Ford Delivers Best Hybrid Sales Quarter Ever; Grows Its Market Share and Attracts New Customers to the Brand". Market Watch. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
- ↑ "BTS | Table 1-12: U.S. Sales or Deliveries of New Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels, and Other Conveyances". Bts.gov. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
- ↑ http://www.nada.org/NR/rdonlyres/E443E310-F8CD-4AEF-B179-771B37216594/0/December09NADASalesRecap.pdf
- ↑ "December 2008 Dashboard: The Key Is Production Numbers". hybridCars.com. 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ↑ Sara Carothers and Alyson Hurt. "Map: Hybrid And Electric Sales Across The Country". National Public Radiodate=2011-11-22. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
- 1 2 "Hybrid Vehicles: Compare side-by-side". U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2014-06-12. Click on 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 models. See also here
- ↑ United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Model Year 2016 Fuel Economy Guide - Electric vehicles & Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles" (PDF). fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. See pp. 27-28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30-31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg
- 1 2 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
- ↑ "Personalize: How much do yo pay for fuel". Fueleconomy.gov. 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
External links
- 2013 VehicleTechnologies Market Report, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Clean Car Calculator (Institute for Energy Efficiency)
- Clean Cities - 2014 Vehicle Buyer's Guide, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), U.S. Department of Energy, December 2013.
- EPA Green Vehicle Guide
- EPA's hybrids' payback time comparison
- Every 2014 And 2015 Hybrid Car In The U.S.: Ultimate Guide, Green Car Reports, August 2014.
- Hybrid Analysis - Total Cost of Ownership for 2013 model year hybrids, Vincentric, October 2013.
- Light Duty Electric Drive Vehicles Monthly Sales Updates, Argonne National Laboratory
- Model Year 2014 Fuel Economy Guide, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy, August 2014 (see pp. 37–38 for hybrid models).
- Top Ten EPA-Rated Fuel Sippers (2012) - including BEVs and PHEVs
- UCS Hybrid Scorecard (Union of Concerned Scientists)
- U.S. HEV Sales by Model, Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center, U.S. Department of Energy