Peringia ulvae

Peringia ulvae
A shell of Peringia ulvae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Caenogastropoda

clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha

Superfamily: Rissooidea
Family: Hydrobiidae
Genus: Peringia
Species: P. ulvae
Binomial name
Peringia ulvae
(Pennant, 1777)[1]
Synonyms[2][3]
  • Assiminea recta Mousson, 1874 (dubious synonym)
  • Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)
  • Hydrobia ulvae var. albida Jeffreys, 1867
  • Paludestrina bucheti Mabille, 1898 (dubious synonym)
  • Peringia castroi Locard, 1899
  • Peringia cyclolabris Bourguignat, 1876
  • Peringia lusitanica Locard, 1899
  • Peringia paulinoi Locard, 1899
  • Rissoa barleei Jeffreys, 1847
  • Turbo subumbilicatus Montagu, 1803
  • Turbo ulvæ Pennant, 1777

Peringia ulvae, also known as Peringia ulvae,[3] common name the Laver spire shell or mudsnail, is an European species of very small aquatic snail with gills and an operculum, a gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.[2]

This is arguably a marine snail, but it is often also listed as a non-marine species because it tolerates brackish water and lives in salt marshes and similar habitats.

When it is within the genus Peringia, this species is the type species of the genus Peringia.[4]

Distribution

This species occurs on the coasts of the Baltic Sea, the Eastern Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea,[3] (the Mediterranean records may be in error) [5] including:

The type locality is "on the shores of Flintshire", Wales, United Kingdom.[1] The distribution type is Oceanic Wide Temperate

Shells of vulvae
The engraving of a shell of Peringia ulvae from its original description (1777) was very small

Description

This species was originally described by Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant in 1777.[1] Pennant's original text (the type description) reads as follows:[1]

“

Ulvae.

T. with four spires, the first ventricose; of a deep brown color; aperture oval.
Size of a grain of wheat.
Tab. lxxxvi. fig. 120.
Inhabits Ulva Lactuca on the shores of Flintshire.

 ”

"T." is an abbreviated word testa from Latin language, that means "shell".

The shell is often heavily corroded, usually whitish with brown peristome present on the last whorl.[3] The shell has 5-7 very weakly convex whorls, that are regularly increasing but not always regularly rounded.[3] The lip is attached to the last whorl.[3]

The width of the shell is 2.5-3 mm.[3] The height of the shell is 4-5.5 mm.[3]

Habitat

A number of individuals of Hydrobia ulvae on mud

Peringia ulvae is a widespread and abundant member of the benthic fauna of estuarine habitats and coastal brackish and salt waters.[6][3] It is very common in brackish water and saltwater, in estuaries and salt marshes.[3] It is most common in the upper half of the intertidal zone.[3] It tolerates salinity 1.0-3.3 %.[3]

Peringia ulvae seems to prefer more exposed localities with less vegetation than Hydrobia ventrosa and Hydrobia neglecta.[3]

Peringia ulvae feeds on detritus and it also consumes seaweeds directly.[3]

It is pederictional dioecious with sexes being easily identified through dissection.[6] On the west coast of Wales this species has peaks of spawning activity in spring and autumn and produces planktotrophic larvae (veliger)[7] that remain in the plankton for up to four weeks before settlement.[6] This period of development affords the potential for dispersal to new habitats and mixing with geographically separate populations.[6] The species provides an interesting case for molecular analysis as the pelagic dispersal phase raises fascinating questions on gene flow, differentiation, recruitment, and inbreeding, but there remains the potential for self-recruitment of estuarine populations.[6]

One of its natural predators is the Arctic barrel-bubble (Retusa obtusa). In Ireland Peringia ulvae is an important source of food for overwintering waders.

References

This article incorporates public domain text from references[3][1] and CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[6]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Pennant T. (1777). British zoology. Vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea. pp. 1-3, iii-viii, 1-10, 1-154, Plates 1-93. London, White. page 132.
  2. 1 2 Gofas, S. (2010). Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant, 1777). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140126 on 2010-11-27.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Species summary for Peringia ulvae". AnimalBase, last modified 30 March 2009, accessed 16 September 2011.
  4. ↑ "Genus summary for Peringia". AnimalBase, last modified 16 August 2006, accessed 16 September 2011.
  5. ↑ Giusti, F., Manganelli, G. & Schembri, P. J. (1995) The non-marine molluscs of the Maltese Islands. Monografie XV, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brownlow R. J., Dawson D. A., Horsburgh G. J., Bell J. J. & Fish J. D. (2008). "A method for genotype validation and primer assessment in heterozygote-deficient species, as demonstrated in the prosobranch mollusc Hydrobia ulvae". BMC Genetics 9: 55. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-9-55.
  7. ↑ Fish J. D. & Fish S. (1977). "The veliger larva of Hydrobia ulvae with observations on the veliger of Littorina littorea (Mollusca: Prosobranchia)". Journal of Zoology 182(4): 495-503. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04165.x.

Further reading

External links

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