Hydrodynamic focusing

Hydrodynamic focusing is a technique used to provide more accurate results from flow cytometers or Coulter counters for determining the size of bacteria or cells.

Measuring particles

Cells are counted as they are forced to pass through a small tunnel, causing disruptions in a laser light beam or electricity flow. These disruptions are analyzed by the instruments. It is hard to create tunnels narrow enough for this purpose using ordinary manufacturing processes, as the diameter must be in the magnitude of micrometers, and the length of the tunnel should exceed several millimeters.

Focusing with a fluid

Hydrodynamic focusing solves this problem by building up the walls of the tunnel from fluid, using the effects of fluid dynamics. A wide (hundreds of micrometers in diameter) tube made of glass or plastic is used, through which a "wall" of fluid called the sheath flow is pumped. The sample is injected into the middle of the sheath flow. If the two fluids differ enough in their velocity or density, they do not mix: they form a two-layer stable flow.

Sources


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