IL1RL1

Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 4KC3​
Identifiers
Symbols	IL1RL1 ; DER4; FIT-1; IL33R; ST2; ST2L; ST2V; T1
External IDs	OMIM: 601203 MGI: 98427 HomoloGene: 2862 GeneCards: IL1RL1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • interleukin-33 binding • interleukin-33 receptor activity • cytokine receptor activity • interleukin-1 receptor activity • receptor signaling protein activity • protein binding Cellular component • proteinaceous extracellular matrix • extracellular space • intracellular • plasma membrane • cell surface • integral component of membrane Biological process • negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response • immune response • signal transduction • negative regulation of cell proliferation • negative regulation of interferon-gamma production • positive regulation of interleukin-5 production • intracellular signal transduction • interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway • positive regulation of macrophage activation • negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling • positive regulation of inflammatory response • positive regulation of chemokine secretion • cellular response to peptide Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	9173	17082
Ensembl	ENSG00000115602	ENSMUSG00000026069
UniProt	Q01638	P14719
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001282408	NM_001025602
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001269337	NP_001020773
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 102.31 – 102.35 Mb	Chr 1: 40.43 – 40.47 Mb
PubMed search

Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1, also known as IL1RL1 and ST2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RL1 gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

IL1RL1 is a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily based on the function of its intracelluar TIR domain, but its extracellular region is composed of immunoglobulin domains. Unlike other members of the family IL1RL1 does not induce an inflammatory response through activation of NF-κB, although it does activate MAP kinases.^[4]

ST2 is a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family. The ST2 protein has two isoforms and is directly implicated in the progression of cardiac disease: a soluble form (referred to as soluble ST2 or sST2) and a membrane-bound receptor form (referred to as the ST2 receptor or ST2L). The ligand for ST2 is the cytokine Interleukin-33(IL-33). Binding of IL-33 to the ST2 receptor, in response to cardiac disease or injury, such as an ischemic event, elicits a cardioprotective effect resulting in preserved cardiac function. This cardioprotective IL-33 signal is counterbalanced by the level of soluble ST2, which binds IL-33 and makes it unavailable to the ST2 receptor for cardioprotective signaling. As a result, the heart is subjected to greater stress in the presence of high levels of soluble ST2.

Molecular biology

The gene is found on the long arm of Chromosome 2 (2q12). It is 40,536 bases long and is located on the Watson (plus) strand. It encodes a protein of 556 amino acids (molecular weight 63,358 Da). Both membrane bound and soluble forms are known. The protein is known to interact with MyD88, IRAK1, IRAK4 and TRAF6. It appears to be essential for the normal function of T helper cells type 2 (Th2 cells).

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been linked to atopic dermatitis and asthma.

The protein encoded by this gene serves as a cardiac biomarker.

References

1. "Entrez Gene: IL1RL1 interleukin 1 receptor-like 1".
2. Tominaga S, Yokota T, Yanagisawa K, Tsukamoto T, Takagi T, Tetsuka T (December 1992). "Nucleotide sequence of a complementary DNA for human ST2". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1171 (2): 215–8. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(92)90125-j. PMID 1482686.
3. Dale M, Nicklin MJ (April 1999). "Interleukin-1 receptor cluster: gene organization of IL1R2, IL1R1, IL1RL2 (IL-1Rrp2), IL1RL1 (T1/ST2), and IL18R1 (IL-1Rrp) on human chromosome 2q". Genomics 57 (1): 177–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5767. PMID 10191101.
4. Brint EK, Xu D, Liu H, Dunne A, McKenzie AN, O'Neill LA, Liew FY (April 2004). "ST2 is an inhibitor of interleukin 1 receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and maintains endotoxin tolerance". Nat. Immunol. 5 (4): 373–9. doi:10.1038/ni1050. PMID 15004556.

Further reading

• Tominaga S, Yokota T, Yanagisawa K, et al. (1993). "Nucleotide sequence of a complementary DNA for human ST2.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1171 (2): 215–8. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(92)90125-j. PMID 1482686.
• Gayle MA, Slack JL, Bonnert TP, et al. (1996). "Cloning of a putative ligand for the T1/ST2 receptor.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (10): 5784–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.10.5784. PMID 8621446.
• Yanagisawa K, Naito Y, Kuroiwa K, et al. (1997). "The expression of ST2 gene in helper T cells and the binding of ST2 protein to myeloma-derived RPMI8226 cells.". J. Biochem. 121 (1): 95–103. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021577. PMID 9058198.
• Kumar S, Tzimas MN, Griswold DE, Young PR (1997). "Expression of ST2, an interleukin-1 receptor homologue, is induced by proinflammatory stimuli.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235 (3): 474–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6810. PMID 9207179.
• Löhning M, Stroehmann A, Coyle AJ, et al. (1998). "T1/ST2 is preferentially expressed on murine Th2 cells, independent of interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interleukin 10, and important for Th2 effector function.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (12): 6930–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6930. PMC 22690. PMID 9618516.
• Moritz DR, Rodewald HR, Gheyselinck J, Klemenz R (1998). "The IL-1 receptor-related T1 antigen is expressed on immature and mature mast cells and on fetal blood mast cell progenitors.". J. Immunol. 161 (9): 4866–74. PMID 9794420.
• Saccani S, Polentarutti N, Penton-Rol G, et al. (1999). "Divergent effects of LPS on expression of IL-1 receptor family members in mononuclear phagocytes in vitro and in vivo.". Cytokine 10 (10): 773–80. doi:10.1006/cyto.1998.0359. PMID 9811530.
• Dale M, Nicklin MJ (1999). "Interleukin-1 receptor cluster: gene organization of IL1R2, IL1R1, IL1RL2 (IL-1Rrp2), IL1RL1 (T1/ST2), and IL18R1 (IL-1Rrp) on human chromosome 2q.". Genomics 57 (1): 177–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5767. PMID 10191101.
• Iwahana H, Yanagisawa K, Ito-Kosaka A, et al. (1999). "Different promoter usage and multiple transcription initiation sites of the interleukin-1 receptor-related human ST2 gene in UT-7 and TM12 cells.". Eur. J. Biochem. 264 (2): 397–406. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00615.x. PMID 10491084.
• Tominaga S, Kuroiwa K, Tago K, et al. (1999). "Presence and expression of a novel variant form of ST2 gene product in human leukemic cell line UT-7/GM.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 264 (1): 14–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1469. PMID 10527832.
• Li H, Tago K, Io K, et al. (2000). "The cloning and nucleotide sequence of human ST2L cDNA.". Genomics 67 (3): 284–90. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6269. PMID 10936050.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
• Sweet MJ, Leung BP, Kang D, et al. (2001). "A novel pathway regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced shock by ST2/T1 via inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 expression.". J. Immunol. 166 (11): 6633–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.11.6633. PMID 11359817.
• Tago K, Noda T, Hayakawa M, et al. (2001). "Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of a variant form of the human ST2 gene product, ST2V.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 285 (5): 1377–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5306. PMID 11478810.
• Lécart S, Lecointe N, Subramaniam A, et al. (2002). "Activated, but not resting human Th2 cells, in contrast to Th1 and T regulatory cells, produce soluble ST2 and express low levels of ST2L at the cell surface.". Eur. J. Immunol. 32 (10): 2979–87. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2002010)32:10<2979::AID-IMMU2979>3.0.CO;2-5. PMID 12355452.
• Brint EK, Fitzgerald KA, Smith P, et al. (2003). "Characterization of signaling pathways activated by the interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor homologue T1/ST2. A role for Jun N-terminal kinase in IL-4 induction.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 49205–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209685200. PMID 12368275.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Haga Y, Yanagisawa K, Ohto-Ozaki H, et al. (2003). "The effect of ST2 gene product on anchorage-independent growth of a glioblastoma cell line, T98G.". Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (1): 163–70. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03377.x. PMID 12492487.
• Weinberg EO, Shimpo M, Hurwitz S, et al. (2003). "Identification of serum soluble ST2 receptor as a novel heart failure biomarker.". Circulation 107 (5): 721–6. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000047274.66749.FE. PMID 12578875.
• Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, et al. (2004). "Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (5): 566–9. doi:10.1038/nbt810. PMID 12665801.