Igor Rodionov

Igor Rodionov
Rodinov at a Pentagon briefing while serving as Russian Minister of Defence
Minister of Defence
In office 17 July 1996 – 22 May 1997
President	Boris Yeltsin
Prime Minister	Viktor Chernomyrdin
Preceded by	Mikhail Kolesnikov (acting)
Succeeded by	Igor Sergeyev
Personal details
Born	Igor Nikolayevich Rodionov Игорь Николаевич Родионов 1 December 1936 Kurakino Village, Penza Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR
Died	19 December 2014 (aged 78) Moscow, Russia
Awards	Order of the Red Banner Order of the Red Star (2) Order for Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR, 2nd class and 3rd class
Military service
Allegiance	Soviet Union  Russia
Service/branch	Russian Ground Forces
Years of service	1954–1997
Rank	General of the Army
Unit	40th Army (Soviet Union)
Commands	Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Transcaucasian Military District
Battles/wars	Soviet War in Afghanistan

Igor Nikolayevich Rodionov (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Родионов; 1 December 1936 – 19 December 2014) was a Russian general and Duma deputy.^[1] He is best known as a hardline politician, and for his service heading the Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation.

Rodionov served as a Soviet military officer in Germany, Czechoslovakia, the Russian Far East and several other areas around the world. Then-Major Rodionov commanded a motorized rifle regiment in the famed 24th Motorized Rifle Division (the "Iron Division") in the Carpathian Military District from 1970–1973, and later commanded the 17th Motor Rifle Division in the same District. He commanded the 5th Army in the Far East Military District from 1983–85 and then the key 40th Army in Afghanistan in 1985–1986. He held the post of First Deputy Chief Commander of the Moscow Military District from 1986 until 1988, when Colonel General Rodionov was appointed Commander of the Transcaucasus Military District.

Rodionov was held responsible for the violent repression of demonstrations in April 1989 during the April 9 protests in Tbilisi, during which 19 people were killed and hundreds injured.^[2] He was removed from his post and assigned to the General Staff Academy, which was one of the traditional Soviet dumping grounds for those who fell out of favor. However, Based on Rodionov’s politics, personality, career roster, and consistent opposition to the use of army troops in the city,^[3] there is good reason to believe that he served as a scapegoat for the events.^[4] The Sobchak commission investigating the tragedy established the orders to clear the demonstrators originated from Defence Minister Yazov, at the request of Republican level Communist Party officials.^[5] Yazov and Rodionov were personal enemies and laying the blame on him was convenient for the Politburo generally and Yazov personally. The deaths themselves were the result of the units involved treating it as "military operation" which "was not corrected in accordance with the actual situation" (the number of protesters present far exceeded what was expected).^[6] The soldiers deployed, especially the VDV unit, where not equipped or trained for controlling civil disturbances and the operation was poorly planned.^[7]

From 1989 to 1996, he served as a People’s Deputy and as the head of the General Staff Academy.

In the leadup to the 1996 presidential election, Russian President Boris Yeltsin dismissed Defence Minister Pavel Grachev and replaced him with Rodionov. Rodionov had had many military doctrinal articles published, and coming from command of the General Staff Academy had a background in analysis which Grachev lacked. During Rodionov's term the major factors obstructing Armed Forces reform were mainly political.

Rodionov did have ideas for reforming the armed forces, but thought that the general outlook of the Cold War ought to remain; Russia had been and would continue to be an adversary of the West, and the threat perception and budget levels should be designed on that basis.^[8] Over the course of his tenure as Defence Minister, he changed his mind over whether the Armed Forces should be restructured to Russia's new circumstances, or whether Russia should continue, in the Soviet style, to place the military above social and economic needs. At the start of his term, he appeared to be convinced of fitting the Army to the state; eventually he was dismissed because he would not forswear fitting the state to the Army. His attitude was revealed in comments such as 'it is.. impermissible to solve society's.. problems at the cost of lowering the state's main attribute, the army'.^[9]

Rodionov was eventually dismissed for two reasons. First, he had refused to subordinate the Ministry to civilian control in the form of the short-lived Defence Council.^[10] Secondly, he had had a major dispute with Yuriy Baturin, of the Defence Council, over whether reform was possible within the budgetary resources the state had available. Rodionov insisted it was not, and much more money would have to be spent; Baturin argued that the military would have to make do with the then current spending levels, as increases were fiscally impossible. Neither man would give up his position, and reform was not being achieved, so Yeltsin solved the problem by firing Rodionov.^[11]

A Duma member (Rodina faction) since 1999, Igor Rodionov was a member of the Committee on National Security and Chairman of the Professional Union of Military Personnel.

References

1. "Скончался бывший министр обороны России Игорь Родионов" (in Russian). Echo of Moscow. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
2. Beissinger, Mark R. Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State. Edited by Margaret Levi, Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 351.
3. Taylor, Brain. Politics and the Russian Army: Civil-Military Relations, 1689-2000. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 38.
4. Zhilin, Alexander. “General Turn His Back on Past.” Moscow News, 25 July 1996, p. 29.
5. Kramer, “The Collapse of East European Communism and the Repercussions within the Soviet Union (Part 2),” p. 30; Sobchak, A. “Findings of the Commission of the USSR Congress of People’s Deputies to Investigate the Events Which Occurred in the City of Tbilisi 9 April 1989.” Moscow: USSR Congress of People’s Deputies.
6. Sobchak, A. “Findings of the Commission of the USSR Congress of People’s Deputies to Investigate the Events Which Occurred in the City of Tbilisi 9 April 1989. Moscow: USSR Congress of People’s Deputies.”
7. For overview of event see Lehrke, Jesse Paul (2013). "2". The Transition to National Armies in the Former Soviet Republics, 1988-2005. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.
8. Arbatov, Alexei G. Arbatov, Military Reform in Russia: Dilemmas, Obstacles, and Prospects, International Security, Vol. 22, No.4, Spring 1998, p. 113.
9. Trud, 11 February 1997, in Dov Lynch, Manoeuvring with the Military, The World Today, November 1997, p. 276.
10. Dov Lynch, Russian Peacekeeping Strategies towards the CIS, 1999, p. 10.
11. Stuart Goldman, Russian Conventional Armed Forces, Congressional Research Service Report 97-820F, 1997, pp. 40–41.

External links

• U.S. Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Rodionov: A Military Biography
• Person Page at NUPI Centere for Russian Studies (note: NUPI says Rodionov commanded the Transbaikal Military District in 85–86, but this is disapproved by Feskov et al.'s list of District commanders.)
• Duma Deputy Biographies at US-Russian Business Council