Illicit minor

Illicit minor is a formal fallacy committed in a categorical syllogism that is invalid because its minor term is undistributed in the minor premise but distributed in the conclusion.

This fallacy has the following argument form:

All A are B.

All A are C.

Therefore, all C are B.

Example:

All cats are felines.

All cats are mammals.

Therefore, all mammals are felines.

The minor term here is mammal, which is not distributed in the minor premise "All cats are mammals," because this premise is only defining a property of possibly some mammals (i.e., that they're cats.) However, in the conclusion "All mammals are felines," mammal is distributed (it is talking about all mammals being felines). It is shown to be false by any mammal that is not a feline; for example, a dog.

Example:

Pie is good.

Pie is unhealthy.

Thus, all good things are unhealthy.

Formal fallacies

Masked man fallacy

In propositional logic	Affirming a disjunct Affirming the consequent Denying the antecedent Argument from fallacy False dilemma

In quantificational logic	Existential fallacy Illicit conversion Proof by example Quantifier shift

Syllogistic fallacy	Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise Exclusive premises Existential Necessity Four-term fallacy Illicit major Illicit minor Negative conclusion from affirmative premises Undistributed middle

Other types of formal fallacy List of fallacies

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Illicit minor

See also