Illinois (Sufjan Stevens album)

Illinois

A painting of several of the lyrical elements from Illinois: UFOs and Superman fly over the Chicago skyline, with a goat standing in the bottom left corner and a gangster in a pinstripe suit standing on the right. Above this, text reads "SUFJAN STEVENS invites you to: Come on feel the ILLINOISE" in a variety of scripts and colors.

The original cover of Illinois, with Superman visible
Studio album by Sufjan Stevens
Released July 4, 2005 (2005-07-04)
Recorded Late 2004 through early winter 2005
Studio The Buddy Project, Astoria, Queens, New York City, United States as well as various locations in and around New York City
Genre Indie folk, indie pop
Length 73:59
Label Asthmatic Kitty/Secretly Canadian and Rough Trade
Producer Sufjan Stevens
Sufjan Stevens chronology
Seven Swans
(2004)		 Illinois
(2005)		 The Avalanche: Outtakes and Extras from the Illinois Album
(2006)

Illinois (styled Sufjan Stevens Invites You To: Come On Feel the Illinoise on the cover; sometimes written as Illinoise) is a 2005 concept album by American indie folk songwriter Sufjan Stevens. It is his fifth studio album, and features songs referencing places, events, and persons related to the U.S. state of Illinois. Illinois is Stevens' second based on a U.S. state—part of a planned series of fifty that began with the 2003 album Michigan that Stevens has since acknowledged was a gag.

Stevens recorded and produced the album at multiple venues in New York City using low-fidelity studio equipment and a variety of instruments between late 2004 and early 2005. The artwork and lyrics explore the history, culture, art, and geography of the state—Stevens developed them after analyzing criminal, literary, and historical documents. Following a July 4, 2005 release date, Stevens promoted Illinois with a world tour.

Critics praised the album for its well-written lyrics and complex orchestrations; in particular, reviewers noted Stevens' progress as a songwriter since the release of Michigan. Illinois was named the best-reviewed album of 2005 by review aggregator Metacritic, and was included on several reviewers' "best of the decade" lists—including those of Paste, NPR, and Rolling Stone. The album amounted to Stevens' greatest public success to date: it was his first to place on the Billboard 200, and it topped the Billboard list of "Heatseekers Albums". The varied instrumentation and experimental songwriting on the album invoked comparisons to work by Steve Reich, Neil Young, and The Cure. Besides numerous references to Illinois history, geography, and attractions, Stevens continued a theme of his songwriting career by including multiple references to his Christian faith.

Background, recording, and tour

A view from across the street of St. Paul's Church in Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn—a brick building with a small stained glass windows and a grey roof
Stevens recorded Illinois in various locations throughout New York City, including Brooklyn's St. Paul's Church.
A worm's eye view shot of Sufjan Stevens playing an orange and black electric guitar while singing into a microphone. He is wearing a blue T-shirt with an orange letter "I" on it and orange pants.
Sufjan Stevens performing on stage during a tour for Illinois. Stevens and his band the Illinoisemakers wore outfits modeled after those of the cheerleaders of the University of Illinois.

Stevens launched his 50-state project in 2003 with the album Michigan and chose to focus on Illinois with this recording because "it wasn't a great leap", and he liked the state because he considered it the "center of gravity" for the American Midwest.[1] Before creating the album, Stevens read literature by Illinois authors Saul Bellow and Carl Sandburg,[1] and studied immigration records[2] and history books for the state—he made the deliberate decision to avoid current events and focused on historical themes.[3] He also took trips through several locations in Illinois[4] and asked friends and members of Internet chat rooms for anecdotes about their experiences in the state.[5] Although he began work in 2004[6] on Oregon-themed songs and briefly considered releasing a Rhode Island 7",[4] Stevens has since not released another album focused on a state, saying in a November 2009 interview with Paste that "the whole premise was such a joke,"[7] and telling Andrew Purcell of The Guardian in October 2009 "I have no qualms about admitting [the fifty states project] was a promotional gimmick."[8] An Arkansas-related song was released through NPR as "The Lord God Bird"[9] and material intended for New Jersey and New York became The BQE.[10]

All of the songs on Illinois were written, recorded, engineered, and produced by Stevens, with most of the material being recorded at The Buddy Project studio in Astoria, Queens, and in Stevens' Brooklyn apartment. As with his previous albums, Stevens recorded in various locations,[1] with additional piano recorded in St. Paul's Church in Brooklyn; strings and vocals performed in collaborators' apartments; electronic organ recorded in the New Jerusalem Recreational Room in Clarksboro, New Jersey; and vibraphone played at Carroll Music Studios in New York City.[11] Stevens mostly created the album without collaboration, focusing on the writing, performance, and technical creation of the album by himself: "I was pretty nearsighted in the construction of Illinois. I spent a lot of time alone, a few months in isolation working on my own and in the studio. I let things germinate and cultivate independently, without thinking about an audience or a live show at all."[12]

Stevens employed low-fidelity recording equipment, which allowed him to retain creative control and keep costs low on recording Illinois. Typically, his process involved recording to 32 kHz 8-track tape using inexpensive microphones such as the Shure SM57 and AKG C1000. He then employed Pro Tools for mixing and other production tasks.[13]

After consulting with Michael Kaufmann and Lowell Brams of Asthmatic Kitty about the amount of material he had recorded, Stevens decided against a double album, saying that would be "arrogant".[12] In 2006, several tracks recorded during these sessions were sent to Seattle-based musician and producer James McAllister for additional instrumentation and production,[12] and were released in 2006 on the follow-up album The Avalanche: Outtakes and Extras from the Illinois Album. Among these outtakes are three separate recordings of the song "Chicago"—including the "Multiple Personality Disorder Version", which was produced during a subsequent tour. The "Adult Contemporary Easy Listening Version" of the song was supposed to appear on the Illinois album, but was changed at the last minute.[12]

Illinois was released on July 4, 2005, through Rough Trade Records in Europe and was distributed domestically by Asthmatic Kitty Records starting July 5, 2005. Although he initially had no plans to perform this material live,[12] less than two weeks after the release of Illinois, Stevens embarked on a North American tour to promote the album,[14] performing with a string section of eight to ten members[15] named the Illinoisemakers.[16] He deliberately chose to avoid television as a promotional tool and focused on the tour performances themselves.[5] He was supported on some dates by opening acts Liz Janes (who is also signed to Asthmatic Kitty) and Laura Veirs[17] as well as Illinois collaborator Shara Worden's solo project My Brightest Diamond.[18] He toured in support of the album again from September through November 2006, this time including dates in several European cities.[19] During the 2006 dates, Stevens and his band transitioned from wearing University of Illinois-themed outfits to butterfly suits and bird wings.[20]

Musical style and thematic elements

"They Are Night Zombies!! They Are Neighbors!! They Have Come Back from the Dead!! Ahhhh!"
"They Are Night Zombies!!" refers to various localities of Illinois with the lyrics. Note also the complex instrumentation and vocal harmonizing.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Reviewers have noted similarities between this album and those of musicians and composers in several musical genres—from pop to contemporary classical, even show tunes and jazz-based time signatures.[5] The lyrics and their rich thematic elements have been noted for their literary quality, earning comparisons to Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Carlos Williams, and Walt Whitman.[4]

Musical style

Reviewers of Illinois have compared Stevens' style to Steve Reich,[21] Vince Guaraldi, the Danielson Famile, Neil Young,[22] Nick Drake, and Death Cab for Cutie.[23] Stevens' use of large orchestral arrangements in his music—much of it played by himself through the use of multi-track recording[24]—has been noted by several reviewers. Rolling Stone summarized the musical influences of Illinois, saying "the music draws from high school marching bands, show tunes and ambient electronics; we can suspect Steve Reich's Music for 18 Musicians is an oft-played record in the Stevens household, since he loves to echo it in his long instrumental passages."[21] A review in The A.V. Club referred to some of the vocal work as "regressively twee communalism", but found Stevens' music overall to be "highly developed".[23] The song "Come On! Feel the Illinoise!" uses a saxophone part from "Close to Me" by The Cure.[2]

The creation of Illinois marked a shift in Stevens' emphasis on songwriting and studio work toward live performance and more abstract concepts of motion and sound—subsequent tours and albums emphasized electronic music and modern dance over the indie folk material on Michigan and Illinois.[25] He has ceased writing songs about individual characters with straightforward narratives[26] or concept albums[27] and briefly considered quitting the music business entirely after creating and promoting this album. He also found that the way in which he listened to music had changed after producing Illinois:

I think now I listen more as a technician and a researcher. I'm always hearing music in terms of what I can take out of it, and I think I've always listened like that. I have a hard time just listening for pleasure. I'm much less about instinct, and more of a utilitarian listener. Like, what is the use of this song? What is the usefulness of this melody for this theme or statement? What are they doing that's unusual sounding, and how can I learn from that?
— Sufjan Stevens, 2006[12]

Stevens is a classically trained oboist[1] and his knowledge of classical and baroque music influenced many of his arrangements. Stevens himself has noted the influence of composers Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Edvard Grieg; along with contemporary composers Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass.[1] The music on this album was written to be grandiose, to match the history of the territory.[4] Stevens used time signature changes in the composition of Illinois for dynamic effect—for instance, "Come On! Feel the Illinoise!" begins with a 5/4 time signature and then changes [28] to a standard 4/4 later in the song.[29]

Illinois themes

A painting of Casimir Pulaski leading a cavalry and brandishing a sword.
Casimir Pulaski is memorialized in Illinois by the name of Pulaski County, Pulaski Road in Chicago, as well as the state holiday Casimir Pulaski Day.

Many of the lyrics in Illinois make references to persons, places, and events related to the state of the same name. "Concerning the UFO Sighting Near Highland, Illinois" is about a UFO sighting by police officers near Highland, Illinois, where several persons reported seeing a large triangular object with three lights flying at night. "Come on! Feel the Illinoise!" makes reference to the World's Columbian Exposition, which took place in Chicago in 1893.[30]

"John Wayne Gacy, Jr." documents the story of the 1970s Chicago-based serial killer of the same name. Several lyrics make explicit references to events in his life: "[w]hen the swingset hit his head" refers to an event in Gacy's childhood, when a swing hit his head and caused a blood clot in his brain;[11][24] "He dressed up like a clown for them / with his face paint white and red" alludes to the nickname given to Gacy—the "Killer Clown";[2] and "He put a cloth on their lips / Quiet hands, quiet kiss on the mouth" references Gacy's use of chloroform to subdue and molest his victims.[11][24] The song ends with the narrator turning inward with the lyrics: "And in my best behavior, I am really just like him / Look beneath the floorboards for the secrets I have hid." Stevens stated in a 2009 interview with Paste that "we're all capable of what [Gacy] did."[7]

"Casimir Pulaski Day" interweaves a personal story with the state holiday Casimir Pulaski Day.[30] "The Man of Metropolis Steals Our Hearts" makes references to Superman, whose fictional hometown of Metropolis was partially modeled after Chicago (the town of Metropolis, Illinois has also capitalized on this association). Jessica Hooper of the Chicago Reader noted that Ray Middleton—who was the first actor to play the comic book superhero—was also born in Chicago.[30] "They Are Night Zombies!! They Are Neighbors!! They Have Come Back from the Dead!! Ahhhh!" makes references to ghost towns of Illinois.[1] Stevens relates experiences from a summer camp he went to as a child in Michigan for "The Predatory Wasp of the Palisades Is Out to Get Us!", but moved the locale to Illinois for the sake of the album.[31] The track "Decatur, or, Round of Applause for Your Stepmother!" includes references to Decatur, Illinois, but Stevens stated the track also acted as "an exercise in rhyme schemes".[32] Some references to Decatur included in the song were alligator sightings in the area, the equipment manufacturer Caterpillar, and a flood that exhumed a graveyard of soldiers from the Civil War.[32]

Other allusions to the state's people, places, and events include the Black Hawk War, author Carl Sandburg, Stephen A. Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, the Sangamon River, the Chicago Cubs, the Sears Tower dubbed "Seer's Tower" (now called Willis Tower), and the localities of Jacksonville, Peoria, Metropolis, Savanna Caledonia, Secor, Magnolia, Kankakee, Evansville, and the several locations named Centerville, Illinois.[11] During the tour following the release of Illinois, Stevens' band wore cheerleader outfits based on those of the University of Illinois.[32]

Christianity

"Casimir Pulaski Day"
The lyrics to "Casimir Pulaski Day" include the narrator questioning God's judgement (cf. Job 1:21.) Unlike "They Are Night Zombies!! They Are Neighbors!! They Have Come Back from the Dead!! Ahhhh!", this song has stripped down acoustic folk influences.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Although Illinois is a concept album about the U.S. state, Stevens also explored themes related to Christianity and the Bible. As a Christian, he has written and recorded music about spiritual themes throughout his career—particularly on the 2004 album Seven Swans—and prefers to talk about religious topics through song rather than directly in interviews or public statements.[5] The song "Decatur, or, Round of Applause for Your Stepmother!" includes the line "It's the great I Am"[11]—taken from the response God gave when Moses asked for his name in the Book of Exodus (Exodus 3:14).[33] "Casimir Pulaski Day" describes the death of a girlfriend due to bone cancer, and the narrator questions God in the process.[33] More abstract allusions appear in "The Man of Metropolis Steals Our Hearts", which utilizes Superman as a Christ figure and "The Seer's Tower", which references the Book of Revelation and the Second Coming of Christ.[33] Songs which were not written with an explicit theological focus—such as "John Wayne Gacy, Jr."—also feature religious themes such as sin and redemption.[20]

Artwork

A montage of close-ups from the various covers to Illinois: in the top left corner, Superman is displayed flying over Chicago; to the right, that image is covered by balloons pasted onto the album cover; in the bottom left corner, there is simply a grey sky above the city; and in the final quadrant, balloons are painted onto the image itself.
Comparison of the four different versions of the album art. From top, left to right: original artwork, balloon sticker covering Superman, Superman image removed, balloon image added to the artwork itself.

Divya Srinivasan created the album artwork,[11] depicting a variety of Illinois-related themes, including Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln, the Sears Tower, and Black Hawk. The album cover reads, "Sufjan Stevens Invites You To: Come On Feel the Illinoise!" as a wordplay on the common mispronunciation of the state's name as "ill-i-NOYZ" and a reference to the Slade song "Cum On Feel the Noize" made famous in the United States by the metal band Quiet Riot. The text on the cover caused some confusion over the actual title of the album—it is officially titled Illinois, as opposed to Come on Feel the Illinoise or Illinoise. Paste listed Illinois as having the seventh best album art of the decade 2000–2009.[34] The album also won the PLUG Independent Music Award for Album Art/Packaging of the Year in 2006.[35]

Shortly after the release of the album, reports arose that DC Comics had issued a cease and desist letter to Asthmatic Kitty because of the depiction of Superman on the cover.[36][37] However, on October 4, 2005, Asthmatic Kitty announced that there had been no cease and desist letter; the record company's own lawyers had warned about the copyright infringement. On June 30, 2005, Asthmatic Kitty's distributor Secretly Canadian asked its retailers not to sell the album; however, it was not recalled. On July 5, the distributor told its retailers to go ahead and sell their copies,[38] as DC Comics agreed to allow Asthmatic Kitty to sell the copies of the album that were already manufactured, but the image was removed from subsequent pressings.[39] Soon after it was made public that the cover would be changed, copies of the album featuring Superman were sold for as high as $75 on eBay.[38] On the vinyl edition released on November 22, 2005, Superman's image is covered by a balloon sticker. The image of the balloon sticker was also used on the cover of the Compact Disc and later printings of the double vinyl release.[40] Stevens himself was surprised by the development and also had to pay a fee for referencing lyrics from Woody Guthrie's folk anthem "This Land Is Your Land" in the track "No Man's Land", which was later released on The Avalanche.[12]

The 10th anniversary vinyl reissue of Illinois features the Marvel character Blue Marvel, who hails from Chicago, in place of Superman. Asthmatic Kitty obtained permission from Marvel to use the character's likeness.[41]

Reception

Illinois was Sufjan Stevens' greatest commercial and critical success to date. For the first time, his work charted on the Billboard 200 and received several awards from critics.

Sales figures and chart performance

In its first week of sales, Illinois sold 9,000 copies, 20% coming from online sales.[42] Overall, the album sold more than 100,000 copies by November 2005[5] and over 300,000 by the end of 2009.[7] It was the first Sufjan Stevens release to place on the Billboard 200, reaching No. 121 within eight weeks on the chart.[43] It also placed number one on Billboard's "Heatseekers Albums" list and number four on the "Independent Albums" list, remaining on them for 32 and 39 weeks respectively.[43]

Region Sales charts (2005) Peak position
Australia ARIA Charts 86[44]
Netherlands Ultratop 80[45]
Norway VG-lista 34[45]
United States US Billboard 200 121[43]
Top Heatseekers 1[43]
Independent Albums 4[43]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic90/100[46]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[22]
The Guardian[47]
Los Angeles Times[48]
NME8/10[2]
Pitchfork Media9.2/10[24]
Rolling Stone[21]
Slant Magazine[29]
SpinA–[49]
Uncut[50]
The Village VoiceA–[51]

Critical reception of Illinois was overwhelmingly positive. Review aggregator Metacritic compiled 40 critic reviews of Illinois, and gave the album a 90/100 ("Universal Acclaim"),[46] designating it the best-reviewed album of 2005.[52] Andy Battaglia of The A.V. Club said that Stevens "has grown into one of the best song-makers in indie rock" with the album.[23] Tim Jonze of NME called Illinois "a brainy little fucker" and described Stevens as "prolific, intelligent and—most importantly—brimming with heart-wrenching melodies."[2] Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone responded favorably to the album, praising the "over-the-top arrangements" and Stevens' "breathy, gentle voice". Sheffield criticized "John Wayne Gacy, Jr.", stating that it "symbolizes nothing about American life except the existence of creative-writing workshops", but elsewhere praised the personal nature of songs such as "Chicago" and "Casimir Pulaski Day".[21] Michael Metivier of PopMatters described "John Wayne Gacy, Jr." as "horrifying, tragic, and deeply sad without proselytizing."[28] Amanda Petrusich of Pitchfork Media described Illinois as "strange and lush, as excessive and challenging as its giant, gushing song titles."[24] Dave Simpson of The Guardian echoed this sentiment by saying that the music sounds like "The Polyphonic Spree produced by Brian Eno."[47] The diversity in instrumentation also received a positive review from Entertainment Weekly's Kristina Feliciano.[53]

Jesse Jarnow of Paste praised the playful nature of Illinois, commenting that it had "sing-song" melodies and "jaunty" orchestrations. Jarnow also noted ironic lyrics, citing a line from "The Predatory Wasp of the Palisades is Out to Get Us!": "I can't explain the state I'm in..." after a section of the song that references many Illinois landmarks.[54] Q called Illinois a "sizeable step forward" from Michigan, and said Stevens' love for the state of Illinois is infectious.[55] Catherine Lewis of the Washington Post responded favorably to the album, stating that it has well-written lyrics, comparing Stevens' rhyming to that of Stephin Merritt. Lewis cited "Casimir Pulaski Day" as one of the most memorable songs of the album.[56]

Accolades

Illinois achieved lasting fame with inclusion on numerous reviewers' "best of the year" and "best of the decade" lists. In particular, the album topped the best of the decade list appearing in the November 2009 issue of Paste [57] and NPR named Illinois on their list of "The Decade's 50 Most Important Recordings".[58] Pitchfork Media called Illinois the sixteenth best album of the decade,[59] with Stevens' previous album—Michigan—placing 70 on that same list.[60] The album also won the 2005 New Pantheon Award—a type of Shortlist Music Prize.[61] Finally, Paste listed Stevens as one of their "100 Best Living Songwriters" in 2006, primarily due to the writing on Michigan and Illinois.[62]

Best of the year (2005) lists
Publisher Accolade Rank
Amazon.com Best of 2005: Top 100 Editors' Picks 1[63]
Amazon.com Best of 2005: Editors' Picks in Alternative Rock 2[64]
NPR's All Songs Considered The Best Music of 2005 1[65]
NME 50 best albums of 2005 7[66]
No Ripcord Top 50 Albums of 2005 1[67]
Pitchfork Media Top 50 Albums of 2005 1[68]
PopMatters Best 50 Albums of 2005 2[69]
Spin The 40 Best Albums of 2005 8[70]
Stylus Magazine Top 50 Albums of 2005 10[71]
Best of the decade (2000–2009) lists
Publisher Accolade Rank
NPR's All Songs Considered The Decade's 50 Most Important Recordings Unranked, out of 50 recordings[58]
NME The Top 100 Greatest Albums of the Decade 17[72]
No Ripcord The No Ripcord Years (1999–2009) Unranked, one of six reviewed for 2005[73]
Paste The 50 Best Albums of the Decade 1[57]
Pitchfork Media The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s 16[59]
Rolling Stone 100 Best Albums of the '00s 78[74]
Slant Magazine Best of the Aughts: Albums 9[75]

Track listing

Note that the titles of the songs vary slightly from the Compact Disc, digital, and vinyl releases. Full titles come directly from the vinyl album and have been adapted to the English capitalization standards.

All songs written and composed by Sufjan Stevens and published by New Jerusalem Music, ASCAP. 

No. Title Length
1. "Concerning the UFO Sighting Near Highland, Illinois"   2:08
2. "The Black Hawk War, or, How to Demolish an Entire Civilization and Still Feel Good About Yourself in the Morning, or, We Apologize for the Inconvenience but You're Going to Have to Leave Now, or, 'I Have Fought the Big Knives and Will Continue to Fight Them Until They Are Off Our Lands!'"   2:14
3. "Come On! Feel the Illinoise!" (Part I: The World's Columbian Exposition – Part II: Carl Sandburg Visits Me in a Dream) 6:45
4. "John Wayne Gacy, Jr."   3:19
5. "Jacksonville"   5:24
6. "A Short Reprise for Mary Todd, Who Went Insane, but for Very Good Reasons"   0:47
7. "Decatur, or, Round of Applause for Your Stepmother!"   3:03
8. "One Last 'Whoo-Hoo!' for the Pullman!!"   0:06
9. "Go! Chicago! Go! Yeah!"   6:04
10. "Casimir Pulaski Day"   5:53
11. "To the Workers of the Rock River Valley Region, I Have an Idea Concerning Your Predicament, and It Involves an Inner Tube, Bath Mats, and 21 Able-Bodied Men"   1:40
12. "The Man of Metropolis Steals Our Hearts"   6:17
13. "Prairie Fire That Wanders About"   2:11
14. "A Conjunction of Drones Simulating the Way in Which Sufjan Stevens Has an Existential Crisis in the Great Godfrey Maze"   0:19
15. "The Predatory Wasp of the Palisades Is Out to Get Us!"   5:23
16. "They Are Night Zombies!! They Are Neighbors!! They Have Come Back from the Dead!! Ahhhh!"   5:09
17. "Let's Hear That String Part Again, Because I Don't Think They Heard It All the Way Out in Bushnell"   0:40
18. "In This Temple as in the Hearts of Man for Whom He Saved the Earth"   0:35
19. "The Seer's Tower"   3:53
20. "The Tallest Man, the Broadest Shoulders" (Part I: The Great Frontier – Part II: Come to Me Only with Playthings Now) 7:02
21. "Riffs and Variations on a Single Note for Jelly Roll, Earl Hines, Louis Armstrong, Baby Dodds, and the King of Swing, to Name a Few"   0:46
22. "Out of Egypt, into the Great Laugh of Mankind, and I Shake the Dirt from My Sandals as I Run"   4:21
Total length:
 73:59
Bonus tracks
No. TitleVersion Length
23. "Chicago" (To String Remix)iTunes release 5:32
24. "The Avalanche"  iTunes release and LP version of Illinois (as track 23) 3:14
25. "The Transfiguration" (Home Demo Version)iTunes release 5:04
26. "Size Too Small" (Live in Brussels)iTunes release 3:08
Total length:
 77:13 (LP)
90:57 (iTunes)
Bonus track on bonus 12" single included with the 2016 Blue Marvel reissue[76]
No. Title Length
1. "Chicago" (Original Demo) 4:36

Personnel

Shara Worden—a Caucaisan woman in her 20s with red hair—plays guitar in front of a microphone wearing a glittering costume
Shara Worden of My Brightest Diamond was one of several collaborators on Illinois and also opened for Stevens on his subsequent tour
  • Tom Eaton
  • Jennifer Hoover
  • Katrina Kerns
  • Beccy Lock
  • Tara McDonnell

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cramer, Michael. "National Anthems: An Interview with Sufjan Stevens". Dusted Magazine. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Jonze, Tim. "Sufjan Stevens: Illinoise". NME. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  3. ↑ Snapes, Laura (October 20, 2009). "Sufjan Stevens Interview: Expressway Yourself". The Quietus. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Barton, Laura (October 25, 2005). "American idyll". The Guardian. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Hanley, Lynsey (November 20, 2005). "State trouper". The Observer. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  6. ↑ Empire, Kitty (March 21, 2004). "Sufjan Stevens: Kitty Empire on the startling rise of an American visionary". The Guardian. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 Kiefer, Kate (November 2, 2009). "Sufjan Stevens: On the Road to Find Out". Paste. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  8. ↑ Purcell, Andrew (October 27, 2009). "Sufjan Stevens's symphony for New York". The Guardian. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  9. ↑ "Brinkley, Ark., Embraces 'The Lord God Bird'". All Things Considered. NPR. July 6, 2005. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
  10. ↑ Yuan, Jada (February 24, 2008). "Sufjan's Symphonic Jersey Turnpike". New York Magazine. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stevens, Sufjan (2005). Illinois. Liner notes. Asthmatic Kitty #14.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Sufjan Stevens (interview)". Pitchfork Media. May 15, 2006. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
  13. ↑ Roberts, Rafter (March–April 2009). "Sufjan Stevens: So Right and So Wrong". Tape Op Magazine 70: 45.
  14. ↑ "Sufjan Stevens Summer Tour – NYC Dates". Brooklyn Vegan. May 11, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Sufjan Stevens Debuting New Tunes On Tour". Billboard. July 7, 2006. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  16. ↑ "Sufjan Stevens At Bowery Ballroom (Show 2 Of 5)". Stereogum. August 21, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  17. ↑ "Sufjan Stevens Adds 5th NYC Night – All Tour Dates". Brooklyn Vegan. August 2, 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  18. ↑ "Sufjan Stevens Announces Tour Dates With My Brightest Diamond". Paste. July 7, 2006. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  19. ↑ "Sufjan Stevens to go on three-month world tour". NME. September 13, 2006. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  20. 1 2 McNair, James (November 30, 2006). "Christmas with Sufjan Stevens". The Independent. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Sheffield, Rob (July 28, 2005), "Sufjan Stevens: Illinois", Rolling Stone (New York City, New York, United States: Straight Arrow Publishers Company, LP) (977), ISSN 0035-791X, archived from the original on 1 June 2008, retrieved October 24, 2015
  22. 1 2 Monger, James Christopher. "Illinoise – Sufjan Stevens". AllMusic. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 Battaglia, Andy. "Illinois". The A.V. Club. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 Petrusich, Amanda (July 4, 2005). "Sufjan Stevens: Illinois". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
  25. ↑ Dombal, Ryan (January 31, 2011). "Interviews: Sufjan Stevens". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  26. ↑ Lewis, Tim (May 8, 2011). "Sufjan Stevens: 'I've always been insecure about what I do'". The Observer. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  27. ↑ Michaels, Sean (October 14, 2009). "Sufjan Stevens: 'What is the point of a song?'". The Guardian. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  28. 1 2 Metivier, Michael. "Sufjan Stevens: Illinois". PopMatters. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  29. 1 2 Keefe, Jonathan (June 30, 2005). "Sufjan Stevens: Illinois". Slant Magazine. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  30. 1 2 3 Hooper, Jessica (July 22, 2005). "Ode to Us". Chicago Reader 34 (43): 28.
  31. ↑ Bertsch, Charlie (November–December 2005). "Between Hipsters and God, There's Sufjan Stevens". Tikkun 20 (6): 78–79.
  32. 1 2 3 Murray, Noel (July 13, 2005). "Interview – Sufjan Stevens". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  33. 1 2 3 Breimeier, Russ (January 1, 2005). "Illinois". Christianity Today. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  34. ↑ "The 25 Best Album Covers of the Decade (2000–2009)". Paste. November 16, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
  35. ↑ "PLUG 2006 Nominees/Winners". PLUG Independent Music Awards. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Sufjan Stevens; Come on Feel the Illinoise". Philadelphia Weekly. July 13, 2005.
  37. ↑ "Not So Fast There Superman". Chicagoist. July 5, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
  38. 1 2 "Stevens Album Soars Despite 'Superman' Flap". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. July 8, 2005. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
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