Ilonka Karasz

Ilonka Karasz
Born	July 13, 1896 Budapest, Hungary
Died	1981 Warwick, New York, United States
Nationality	Hungarian-American
Occupation	Designer Illustrator
Notable work	Covers for the New Yorker

Ilonka Karasz (1896-1981), was an American designer and illustrator known for avant-garde industrial design and for her many New Yorker magazine covers.^[1]

Early life and education

Karasz was born July 13, 1896, in Budapest, Hungary, the oldest of three children of Mary Huber Karasz and silversmith Samuel Karasz.^[2] One of her younger sisters was the fashion designer and textile artist Mariska Karasz. She studied art at the Royal Academy of Arts and Crafts during a period when the reigning aesthetic owed much to the Wiener Werkstätte and was one of the first women to be admitted to the school.^[3] She emigrated to the United States in 1913 as a young woman and began to make a career for herself in New York City. In 1914, Karasz cofounded (with Winold Reiss) the European-American artists' collective Society of Modern Art, and shortly afterwards she was commissioned to create advertising for the department store Bonwit Teller. For a few years in the late teens she taught textile design at the Modern Art School.

Career

Karasz was the founding director of Design Group, a firm of industrial designers, craftspeople, and artists. From the 1910s to the 1960s, her designs—inspired equally by folk art and modern art—found their way into a wide variety of textiles, wallpaper, rugs, ceramics, furniture, silverware, and toys.^[2] Between 1916 and 1918 she won several prizes (and gained visibility) for textile designs entered in competitions run by the fashion magazine Women's Wear. As early as 1918, she was being called "one of the best designers of modern textiles,"^[3] while by 1950 she was considered one of America's leading wallpaper designers, known for experimenting with different methods for transfer and layering of images.^[4] In the 1950s, she was one of a handful of artists selected by the aluminum manufacturer Alcoa to experiment with the use of aluminum for wall coverings.

Cover by Ilonka Karasz, The Masses, December 1915.

Karasz ventured into a number of unusual areas connected with textile design and production. She was known as a pioneer of modern textile designs requiring the use of the Jacquard loom, and she became one of the few women to design textiles for planes and cars.^[2] In the late 1920s, Dupont-Rayon Company hired her to help improve the texture and feel of rayon and generally raise the production standards for this then-new material.^[2]

Karasz's exploration of furniture and silverware was most intense in the late 1920s and 1930s. Her furniture was often rectilinear and strongly planar, inspired by the European De Stijl movement; she also designed a number of multifunctional pieces. In 1928, she was included in a European-American exhibition put on by Macy's department store in New York, alongside such prominent designers as Kem Weber, Bruno Paul, and Josef Hoffmann.^[2] In another 1928 exhibition, organized by American Designers' Gallery in New York, she was the only woman given responsibility for designing an entire room, and in fact she designed both a model studio apartment and a nursery.^[2] The latter is considered possibly the first modern nursery designed in America, and Karasz followed it up with several later nursery designs pragmatically featuring convertible furniture and washable fabrics.^[2] She also tried to incorporate elements that would help very young children learn, such as color-coded knobs on dressers.^[2]

Karasz began painting covers for the New Yorker in 1924 and continued up to 1973.^[4] She had a total of 186 New Yorker covers across those six decades, many of them featuring lively vignettes of daily life viewed from above and darwn using unusual color combinations. She also created covers and illustrations for avant-garde magazines—including Bruno's Weekly, Modern Art Collector, and Playboy: A Portfolio of Art and Satire—as well as for children's books such as The Heavenly Tenants. Less well known are the numerous maps she created, mostly for books but also as magazine covers.^[5]

In 1920 Karasz married Dutch chemist Willem Nyland (d. 1975), with whom she had two children. They built a house in Brewster, New York, where Karasz lived for most of her life and which was featured in a 1928 spread in House Beautiful magazine. The couple lived in Java between 1929 and 1931, where Karasz complemented her eclectic mix of modern and traditional furnishings with murals that paid homage to the surrounding tropical foliage.^[2]

Karasz died in 1981 at her daughter's home in Warwick, New York. The year after she died, the New York gallery Fifty/50 mounted a solo show of her work.^[5] In 2003, a retrospective of her paintings, prints, and drawings entitled "Enchanting Modern: Ilonka Karasz, 1896-1981," was mounted by the Georgia Museum of Art.^[6] Several dozen of her drawings and sample books for wallpaper, rugs, and metalware are in the collection of the Cooper Hewitt Museum.^[7]

References

1. "Ilonka Karasz, 84, Artist-Designer; Drew Covers for the New Yorker. New York Times, May 30, 1981.
2. Brown, Ashley. "Ilonka Karasz: Rediscovering a Modernist Pioneer". Studies in the Decorative Artsvol. 8, no. 1 (Fall-Winter 2000-2001), pp. 69-91.
3. Brown, Ashley. "Ilonka Karasz: Making Modern". In Creating Textiles: Makers, Methods, Markets. Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Symposium of the Textile Society of America, Inc., New York, NY, Sept. 23–26, 1998. Earleville, MD: Textile Society of America, 1999.
4. "Enchanting Modern: Ilonka Karasz, 1896-1981". Resource Library Magazine. (Website.)
5. Winter, Ariel S. "Ilona Karasz: Cartographer". We Too Were Children, Mr. Barrie, June 4, 2010. (Website.)
6. Georgia Museum of Art and Ashley Callahan. Enchanting Modern: Ilonka Karasz. Georgia Museum of Art, 2003.
7. "Ilonka Karasz". Cooper Hewitt Museum website.