Independence Hall replicas and derivatives

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Independence Hall replicas are buildings, models and miniatures replicating or inspired by the design of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

History

Independence Hall (1732–1753) was built as the State House for the Colony of Pennsylvania. The Second Continental Congress met there from May 1775 to December 1776, from March to September 1777, and from July 1778 to March 1781. The Declaration of Independence was debated and signed in the hall. Congress under the Articles of Confederation met there from March 1781 to June 1783. The Constitutional Convention met there from May to September 1787, where it debated, wrote, and signed the United States Constitution.

Buildings

• Pennsylvania Building (1893, demolished), World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Illinois.
• Pennsylvania Building (1907), Jamestown Exposition, Norfolk, Virginia. Now part of Naval Station Norfolk.
• Stock Yards National Bank (1925), Chicago, Illinois.^[1]
• Baker Memorial Library (1928), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, Jens Frederick Larson, architect.
• Freeport Village Hall (1928), Freeport, New York.
• Henry Ford Museum (1929), Dearborn, Michigan, Robert O. Derrick, architect.
• Liberty Motor Car Company Headquarters (1929), Detroit, Michigan, Robert O. Derrick, architect.^[2] In the 1970 and 1980s, it housed offices of Budd-ThyssenKrupp.
• Walter F. George School of Law (1932), Mercer University, Macon, Georgia.
• LaGuardia Hall Library (1936), Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York City.
• Founders Library, Howard University (1937), Washington, D.C., Albert Cassell, architect.^[3]
• Draper Hall (1938), Berea College, Berea, Kentucky.
• Pennsylvania Pavilion (1939), New York World's Fair, Queens, New York City.
• Bellarmine-Jefferson High School (1944), Burbank, California. Replicates the facade, inner staircase, and handrail.
• Queens County Savings Bank (1954), Kew Gardens Hills, New York.
• Independence Mall (shopping center) (1964), 1601 Concord Pike (U.S. Route 202), Wilmington, Delaware.^[4]
• Knott's Berry Farm (1966), Buena Park, California.^[5] A full-size replica, and is claimed to be the only existing exact replica in the US of the original structure.^[6] The interior scenes of Independence Hall for the Nicolas Cage movie National Treasure were filmed here.
• Benjamin Franklin Savings & Loan (1971), 10201 SE Washington Street, Portland, Oregon. Now a Bank of America branch.
• Hall of Presidents (1971), Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Florida.^[7] Independence Hall was also among the inspirations for the EPCOT theme park's American pavilion.^[8]
• Mahler Student Center (1992), Dallas Baptist University, Dallas, Texas.
• HOLGATE, Ohio -- Harold W. Lanzer, a carpenter and builder by trade who in retirement erected a self-titled museum modeled after Independence Hall on Rt. 18 east of Holgate, Oh (Colin, Wyatt, & Mark Odenweller 2016)
• Founding Fathers Museum (2014), Rapid City, South Dakota.^[9]
• South San Francisco City Hall in South San Francisco, California. ^[10]
• (proposed) Center for Law and Liberty, Houston Baptist University, Houston, Texas. HBU is currently (2015), fund-raising to build an Independence Hall replica to house its law school.^[11]

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  Pennsylvania Building (1893, demolished), 1893 World's Fair, Chicago.

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  Pennsylvania Building (1907), Jamestown Exposition.

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  Baker Memorial Library (1928), Dartmouth College.

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  Village Hall (1928), Freeport, New York.

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  Henry Ford Museum (1929), Dearborn, Michigan.

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  Walter F. George School of Law (1932), Mercer University.

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  LaGuardia Hall (1936), Brooklyn College.

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  Founders Library (1937), Howard University.

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  Draper Hall (1938), Berea College.

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  Bellarmine-Jefferson High School (1944), Burbank, California.

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  Knott's Berry Farm (1966), Buena Park, California

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  Hall of Presidents (1971), Walt Disney World.

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  Mahler Student Center (1992), Dallas Baptist University.

Models and miniatures

Under the Works Progress Administration, Pennsylvania began the Museum Extension Project, which employed artists, architects and craftsmen to create exhibits for the state's museums. Among the works produced were highly-detailed scale models of historic buildings. In anticipation of the September 1937 sesquicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, 2,600 plaster models of Independence Hall were mass-produced and shipped to schools and public buildings across the country.^[12]

• Independence Hall scale model (1937, plaster, WPA), Lobby, U.S. Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C.^[13]
• Independence Hall 1:25-scale model, Minimundus, Klagenfurt, Austria. Minimundus is a Miniature park of architectural models.

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  Minimundus, Klagenfurt, Austria.

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  Franklin Square miniature golf course, Philadelphia.

References

1. Stock Yards National Bank
2. Cars In Depth,"With Liberty and Six Cylinders For All". Retrieved July 2013.
3. "Howard University Campus Tour". Howard University. Retrieved May 2011.
4. Independence Mall, Wilmington, Delaware.
5. Lesley Wright, "Reopening Constitutes Convention at Knott's", Los Angeles Times, September 18, 1998.
6. Knott's Berry Farm - Independence Hall
7. Disney World site
8. Disney World site
9. Rapid City, South Dakota
10. http://www.ssf.net/1223/City-Hall
11. Independence Hall Project, from Houston Baptist University.
12. Curtis Miller, "Art with a Purpose: Pennsylvania's Museum Extension Project, 1935–1943," Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, Spring 2008.
13. Independence Hall scale model at the U.S. Supreme Court