Inez Clough

Inez Clough
Born	March 1, 1873 Worcester, Massachusetts
Died	November 23, 1933 Elgin, Illinois
Occupation	Singer dancer actress

Inez Clough was a prominent African American singer, dancer, and film actress in the early 1900s. Clough was born on March 1, 1873 in Worcester, Massachusetts and died on November 21, 1933 in Elgin, Illinois.^[1][2]

Career

Inez Clough spent much of her early life in Massachusetts, attending school in Worcester and studying piano and voice in Boston.^[3] She likely also worked as a dressmaker in these early years. In 1986, Clough joined Oriental America, a Broadway theatre show created by the Vaudeville impresario John William Isham. In 1897, Clough moved to London, England for the show's European tour.^[2]

Describing her troupe’s experience abroad, Thomas Riis wrote that her acting troupe observed “comparatively lavish facilities and larger pit, orchestras than were customary in America. The hospitality shown towards them undoubtedly impressed Afro-American travelers” who because of racism and racist laws frequently experienced discrimination or inferior accommodations in the United States. In contrast, many African Americans experienced greatly different treatment in Europe than they did in the United States.^[4] After touring with Oriental America, Clough remained in London for about ten years. In those ten years she gave voice lessons, did solo shows, and was a member of The Drury Lane Pantomimes.^[5]

In the early 1900s, Clough returned to the United States and continued her acting career, primarily performing in all-black musical comedy shows. She performed in The Shoo-Fly Regiment (1907) by Bob Cole and J. Rosamond Johnson^[6] and also toured with the Williams and Walker company.^[5]

In 1917, she acted in the production Three Plays For a Negro Theatre.^[7] This play, written by Ridgley Torrance, was put on at the Garden Theatre in New York City.^[8] Reflecting on this play, writer Benjamin Griffith Brawley wrote that it was a drama that aimed to “get away from the minstrelsy and burlesque” that predominated the early African American theater scene “and honestly present Negro characters face to face with all the problems that test the race in the crucible of American civilization.” The writer James Weldon Johnson said that the play “demanded the serious attention of the critics and the general public." Clough’s participation in this production was widely publicized.^[9]

Clough also acted in many silent films in the early 1920s. These films include Easy Money, Ties of Blood, and Secret Sorrow.^[1]

Personal life

Clough married Henry Peter Hogan, a famed railroad man in New York City where she resided for the majority of the rest of her life.^[5] In the end of her life, Inez Clough had significant mental issues, accompanied by other health afflictions including cancer. It is not clear where Clough died because of varying reports from hospitals and friends in the year of her death regarding her mental and physical state.^[5]

References

1. "Inez Clough". IMDb. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
2. Smith, Jessie Carney (1996-01-01). Notable Black American Women. VNR AG. ISBN 9780810391772.
3. "Inez Clough: A Review." The Chicago Defender (National Edition) (1921-1967), Jan 12, 1929. http://search.proquest.com/docview/492198998?accountid=14698.
4. Johnson, James Weldon. “Race Prejudice and the Negro Artist.” Harper 157, (1928): pg.771.
5. "Inez Clough: Popular Lafayette Player Had Successful Career." The Chicago Defender (Big Weekend Edition) (1905-1966), Apr 03, 1920. http://search.proquest.com/docview/493403025?accountid=14698.
6. "Shoo Fly Regiment". memory.loc.gov. 1907-08-06. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
7. Scott, Freda L. “Black Drama and the Harlem Renaissance.” Theatre Journal 37, no. 4 (1985): pg. 426-439
8. League, The Broadway. "Three Plays for a Negro Theater | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
9. Brawley, Benjamin Griffith. “The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States.” Duffield 38, (1921): pg.100-101.