Service rifle

"Infantry rifle" redirects here. For the British Baker rifle, officially known as the Infantry rifle, see Baker rifle.

The service rifle (also known as standard-issue rifle) of a given army or armed force is that which it issues as standard to its soldiers. In modern forces, this is typically a highly versatile and rugged assault rifle, battle rifle or carbine suitable for use in nearly all theatres and environments. Service rifles are also often selected for their upgradability (e.g., the addition of underslung grenade launchers, sights, flashlights, laser sights, etc.)

Although certain weapons issued to special forces units are rarely considered "service weapons" in the truest sense, certain specialist rifles and submachine guns are categorized as such if issued as per standing operating procedures upon entering special environments or scenarios. These may include urban warfare (FIBUA/MOUT) and jungle warfare environments.

Most armies also have service pistols/side arms.

History

The bolt-action M1903 Springfield was used as the USA's service rifle from 1905 to just before World War II, when it was replaced by the gas-operated M1 Garand. It was in limited use up to the Vietnam War.

Originally, rifles used in combat were not standard-issue weapons like the service rifles of today. Rifles were for specialist marksmen only, whilst the ordinary infantry were issued less accurate smoothbore muskets which had a higher rate of fire, with bore diameters as high as 19 mm, or 0.75 inch. By the middle of the 19th century, however, rifles were becoming more and more common on the battlefield, with muskets being phased out. Originally, these combat rifles were single-shot muzzle-loading weapons, but as technology advanced through the 18th and 19th centuries, so too did the technique of loading rounds. First, breech-loading firearms, like the Prussian Needle gun of the mid-19th century came to prominence, which then evolved into repeating weapons, such as the bolt-action Mosin–Nagant rifle used by Imperial Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the Soviet Union in World War II. By this time almost all prominent armies in the world had some sort of standard service rifle.

During the Second World War, there was yet another leap forward in rifle design which was to influence service rifles even today. That is, the use of a fired cartridge's gas emissions to automatically rechamber rounds into the breech once a bullet had been fired, as well as expelling the old cartridge. These weapons were known as gas-operated firearms. Some of the earliest examples of these were most prominent in the Second World War, and were usually semi automatic, such as the American-made M1 Garand, first brought into service with the United States in 1936. These rifles usually fired a "full-sized" cartridge, such as the .30-06 Springfield or .303 British, as opposed to an intermediate rifle cartridge. Another type of commonly issued rifle which was to become well known during this time was the assault rifle, a (usually) fully automatic rifle firing a lighter "intermediate" cartridge, as opposed to the full-sized cartridges used by the usual rifles of that time. The first of these was the Sturmgewehr 44, used by Nazi Germany in the later stages of the Second World War. The StG44 was not issued in large numbers, and was never adopted as Germany's service rifle. However, this weapon was to serve as the precursor to other assault rifles such as the Soviet AK-47, the American M-16, the Belgian FN FAL and the Swiss Sturmgewehr 58, which today is the common used type of rifle in armies.

Service rifles by nation

Angola

Firearm Type Calibre Service
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1950s-
AK-103 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1990s–
Vektor R4 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1990s–
X95 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2010s–

Argentina

FARA 83
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Remington EN M1879 Rolling block .43 Spanish (11.15×58mmR) 1879-1891
Mauser Modelo Argentino 1891 Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1891-1909
Mauser Modelo Argentino 1909 Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1909-1960s
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1959–Present
M16A2 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1993–present (Naval Infantry)

Australia

An Australian Army rifleman equipped with the F88 Austeyr
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield Bolt-Action .303 SAA Ball 1901-1950s
L1A1 SLR Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 1957-1980s
F88 Austeyr Selective-Fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1988–Present

Austria

StG 58
StG 77
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lorenz Rifle Rifled musket .54 1854-1867
Wanzl rifle Trapdoor breechloader 14mm Wanzl rimfire 1854-1867
M1867 Werndl–Holub Rotary block 11×42mm 1867-1886
Mannlicher M1886 Bolt action 11×58mmR, 8×52mmR 1886-1888
Mannlicher M1888 Bolt action 8×52mmR, 8×50mmR 1888-1895
Mannlicher M1895 Straight-pull 8×50mmR, 8×56mmR 1895-1945
GM1 Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1950-1958[1]
Sturmgewehr 58 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1958–Present (limited use for drill/display)
Sturmgewehr 77 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1978–Present

Bangladesh

Bangladesh policemen with BD-08 assault rifles
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Type 56 (Chinese Type 56) Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1971–Present
Heckler & Koch G3A3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1980–Present
M16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm 1992–Present
BD-08 (Chinese Type 81) Selective fire 7.62×39mm 2008–Present

Belgium

FN FAL
FN FNC
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Albini rifle Hinged breechblock 11 mm 1867-?
Belgian Comblain Falling Block 11 mm 1870-?
FN Mauser M1889 Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1889-1940
FN Mauser M1936 Bolt-action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1936-1949
FN SAFN-49 Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1949-1956
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1956–1990s
FN FNC Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1990–present
FN SCAR Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2015–future

Bolivia

Heckler & Koch G3A3 assault rifle
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Vz. 24 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1932-1960s
SIG SG 510 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1957–Present
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1960s-Present

Brazil

Firearm Type Calibre Service
M1873 Brazilian Comblain Falling block 11×53mmR 1873-1892
Gewehr 88 Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1892-1897
Mauser M1894 Rifle Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1894-1950s
Mauser M1908 (M1908/34, M1935) Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1908-1960s
FN Model 1949 Semi-auto .30-06 Springfield 1950s-1968
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1964–Present
IMBEL MD Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1985–Present
IMBEL MD97 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1997–Present
IMBEL IA2 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2012–Present

Cambodia

Type 56 carbine
AKM
Type 56 assault rifle & AKS-47
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Mosin–Nagant Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1940s-1979
MAS-36 Bolt-action 7.5×54mm French 1940s-1975
Arisaka Type 38 Bolt-action 6.5×50mm Arisaka 1941-1945
Arisaka Type 99 Bolt-action 7.7×58mm Arisaka 1941-1945
M1903 Springfield Bolt Action .30-06 Springfield 1950s-1975
M1 Carbine Semi-automatic rifle .30 Carbine 1950s-1975
M1 Garand Semi-automatic rifle .30-06 Springfield 1950s-1975
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm 1960s-1975
M16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1967–Present
SKS Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present (Mainly used today as a ceremonial arm, and reserve weapon)
Type 56 carbine Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present (Used by Cambodian Royal Guards and as a reserve weapon)
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present (Replaced by AKM rifle.)
AKM Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present
Type 56 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present
Pindad SS1 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1991–Present
QBZ-97 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2005–Present

Canada

Ross rifle Mk. III
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Ross rifle Bolt Action .303 British 1905-1916
Lee–Enfield Bolt Action .303 British 1916–present (used by the Canadian Rangers)
C1A1 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1955-1985
Colt C7 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1985–Present

Chile

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Fusil Gras mle 1874 Bolt action 11×59mmR 1874-1905s
Mauser Model 1895 Bolt action, Contract: Germany 7×57mm Mauser 1895-1930s
Mauser Model 1912 Bolt action, Contract: Steyr, Austria 7×57mm Mauser 1912-1950s
SIG SG 510-4 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1960s-2003
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1970s-2010
SIG SG 542-1 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1980s-2014
SIG SG 540 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2000s-2014
SIG SG 543 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2000s-2014
M4 carbine Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008s-present
Galil ACE Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2014s-present
FN F2000 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2014s-present
SG 540-1M Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2016s-present

People's Republic of China

Type 81-I & Type 81
QBZ-95
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Hanyang Type 88 Bolt Action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1888-1980s
Gewehr 98 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1927-1949
vz. 24 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1927-1980s
Karabiner 98k Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1935–19??
Type 24 rifle Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1935-1980s
Mosin–Nagant Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1927–Present
SVT-40 Semi-automatic 7.62×54mmR 1938–Present
Type 53 Carbine Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1953–Present
Type 56 Carbine Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1956–Present
Type 56 assault rifle Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1956–Present
Type 81 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1981–Present
QBZ-95 Selective fire 5.8×42mm DBP87 1995–Present
QBZ-03 Selective fire 5.8×42mm DBP87 2003–Present
QBS-06 Selective fire 5.8×42mm DBP87 2010–Present
ZH-05 Selective fire 5.8×42mm DBP87 2011–Present

Taiwan

T86 assault rifle
T91 assault rifle
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Hanyang Type 88 Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1888-1949
Gewehr 98 Bolt-Action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1911-1949
vz. 24 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1924-1950s
Karabiner 98k Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1935–Present
Type Zhongzheng rifle Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1935-1950s
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1936-1968
Johnson M1941 rifle Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1941-1968
M1 Carbine Semi-automatic .30 Carbine 1942-1968
Type 57 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1968–Present
Type 65 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1976–Present
Type 91 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2003–Present

Cuba

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Spanish Mauser Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1902-1923
M1903 Springfield Bolt action .30-06 Springfield 1923-1947
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1947-1960
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1960-1968
SKS Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1961–present (Mainly used today as a ceremonial arm, and reserve weapon.)
AKM Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1962–present

Czech Republic

CZ-805 BREN
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Vz. 24 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1924-1952
Vz. 33 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1934-1945
Vz. 52 Semi-automatic 7.62×45mm vz. 52, 7.62×39mm 1952-1959
Sa vz. 58 Selective fire 7.62×39mm M43 1959–Present
CZ-805 BREN Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO, 7.62×39mm 2010–Present

Denmark

Gevær M/95
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Pattern 1853 Enfield Rifled musket 577 1853-1867
Remington Rolling Block Rolling block 11mm Danish 1867-1889
1889 Geværet (Krag–Jørgensen) Bolt-action 8×58mmR 1889-~1945
Gevaer M/50 Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1945-1975
Gevaer M/53 (17) Bolt-action .30-06 Springfield 1953–Present (used by Siriuspatruljen)
Gevaer M/75 (G3A5) Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 1975–Present
Gevaer M/95 (C7FT) Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1995–Present

Egypt

Top to bottom: Ag m/42, Hakim Rifle, Rasheed Carbine
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield Bolt Action .303 British 1922-1967
FN Model 1949 Semi-automatic 7.92×57mm Mauser 1949-1967
Ag m/42 Semi-automatic 6.5×55mm 1950s-1967
Mosin–Nagant Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1956-1967
Hakim Rifle Semi-automatic 7.92×57mm Mauser 1950s-1967
Rasheed Carbine Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1950s-1967
SKS Carbine Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1956-1967
Misr Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present

Estonia

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Mosin–Nagant Bolt Action 7.62×54mmR 1918–1940
Pattern 1914 Enfield Bolt Action .303 British 1920–1940
AKM Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1992–2000s
Galil AR Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1994–Present
Ak 4 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 2002–Present

Finland

Rk 62
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Mosin–Nagant Bolt action 7.62×54R 1891–c.1970
SVT-40 Semi-automatic 7.62×54R 1940–c.1970
RK 62 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1962–Present
RK 95 TP Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1995–Present

France

Lebel Model 1886 rifle
MAS 49/56
FAMAS
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Delvigne rifle Flintlock Musket ball 1826-1846
Thouvenin Carabine à tige Percussion cap Musket ball 1846-1851
Minié rifle Percussion cap Minié ball 1848-1866
Tabatière rifle Breech-loading Minié ball 1864-1870
Chassepot M1866 Bolt action 11 mm 1867-1874
Gras M1874 Bolt-action 11×59mmR 1874-1886
Lebel Model 1886 rifle Bolt-action 8mm Lebel 1886-1940
Berthier rifle Bolt-action 8mm Lebel 1902-1960s?
MAS-36 Bolt-action 7.5×54mm French 1936-1964
MAS-49 rifle Semi-automatic 7.5×54mm French 1949-1990
SIG SG 540 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1979-1982
FAMAS Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1981–Present

Germany

FN G1
MPi-KM
G3A3
Heckler & Koch G36
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Prussian Model 1839 Potsdam musket Rifled musket 15.4 mm 1839-1861
Dreyse needle gun Breech loading 15.4 mm 1842-1870
M1871 Mauser Bolt action 11×60mm Mauser 1871-1888
Gewehr 1888 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1888-1915
Gewehr 98 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1898-1935 (German Army)
Mauser Kar 98k Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1935–1945
StG 44 Selective fire 7.92×33mm Kurz 1943-1945
Karabiner-S Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1945-1949 (East Germany)
MPi-K Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1949-1990 (East Germany)
G1 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1956-1960 (West Germany)
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1959–1997 (West Germany)
Heckler & Koch G36 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1997–Present

Greece

Mannlicher–Schönauer
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Fusil Gras mle 1874 Bolt action 11×59mm R Gras 1877-1913
Mannlicher–Schönauer Bolt action 6.5×54mm 1903-1941
FN Model 1930 Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1930s-1941
Lee–Enfield Bolt action .303 British 1941-1965
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1948-1990
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1968-2000
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1982–present

Guatemala

Firearm Type Calibre Service
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1950s-1977
M1/M2 Carbine Semi-automatic .30 Carbine 1950s-1977
IMI Galil AR/SAR Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1974–present
M16A2 semi to full auto 5.56×45mm NATO 1988–Present
IMI Tavor TAR-21 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2006–present (778 purchased from Israel for police use)

Haiti

Krag–Jørgensen rifle- Haiti's first officially adopted service rifle
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Krag–Jørgensen[2] Bolt-action .30-40 Krag 1915-?
M1903 Springfield[3] Bolt-action .30-06 Springfield ?
FN Mauser[3] Bolt-action .30-06 Springfield ?
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield ~1950s-1994
The Haitian Army was disbanded by the United States, and replaced in 1915 by the Gendarmerie d'Haïti. The Haitian Army was again disbanded in 1995.

Hungary

Firearm Type Calibre Service
35M rifle Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1935-1950s
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1956-1990
AMMSz Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960-1990
AMD-65 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1966-1990
AMP-69 Selective fire 7.62×39mm, 40 mm grenade 1979–present
AK-63D Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1989–Present

India

INSAS assault rifle
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee Enfield Bolt action .303 British 1947-1963
Rifle 7.62mm 1A1 Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 1963-1998
Ishapore 2A/2A1 Bolt action 7.62×51mm NATO 1963–Present (Limited Use)
INSAS selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1998–present

Indonesia

Pindad SS1-V1
Pindad SS2-V1
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Arisaka Bolt-action 6.5×50mm Arisaka
7.7×58mm Arisaka		 1940s-1950s
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1945-middle 1970s
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1961–Present
M16 rifle Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1980s-Present
Pindad SS1 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1991–Present
Pindad SS2 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2006–Present

Iran

AK-103
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Mauser 98 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1900s-1950s
Vz. 24 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1929-1960s
M1 Garand Semi-automatic 30-06 1950s-1990
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1970s-Present
AK-103 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1991–Present

Iraq

Iraqi Army soldiers fire the M16A2 assault rifle with instruction from United States Marines
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield Bolt action .303 British 1930s-1950s
AK-47 Assault Rifle 7.62×39mm 1950s-Present
M16A2 Assault Rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 2007–Present

Ireland

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield Bolt-Action .303 SAA Ball 1924-1961
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1961-1989
Steyr AUG Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1989–Present

Israel

IMI Galil
IMI Tavor TAR-21
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield No 4 Bolt action .303 British 1948-1958
Mauser Kar98k Bolt-action 7.62×51mm NATO 1948-1974
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1960s-1981
M16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1973–present
Galil AR Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1974–present
IMI Tavor TAR-21 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2005–2009
MTAR Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2009–Present - Now standard issue weapon to all active IDF combat personnel

Italy

Beretta BM-59
Beretta ARX-160A2
Firearm Type Caliber Service
M1870 Italian Vetterli Bolt-action 10.4mm Vetterli 1870-1878
Vetterli Vitali Bolt action 10.4mm Vetterli 1878-1892
Carcano Bolt action 6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano 1892-1945
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1950-1970
Beretta BM-59 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1959-1990
Beretta AR70/90 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1990–present
Beretta ARX-160 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008–present

Jamaica

Firearm Type Calibre Service
L1A1 SLR Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 1957–Present
M16A2 Assault Rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 1980s?-Present
SA80 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1992–Present

Japan

Howa Type 64
Howa Type 89
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Snider–Enfield Breech-loading .577 Snider 1868-1880
Murata rifle Bolt action 11×60mmR Murata 1880-1905
Type 30 rifle Bolt action 6.5×50mm Arisaka 1897-1905
Arisaka Type 38 Bolt-action 6.5×50mm Arisaka 1905-1945
Arisaka Type 99 Bolt-action 7.7×58mm Arisaka 1939-1945
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1954-1964
Howa Type 64 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1964–Present
Howa Type 89 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1989–Present

Korea

Daewoo Precision Industries K2 with K201 grenade launcher
Firearm Type Calibre Service Notes
Kingdom of Joseon (1392-1897)
Type 13 Murata Bolt action 11×60mm R Murata 1881-1897
Enfield Pattern 1853 Percussion cap .577 Ball 1882-1897
Remington Rolling Block Rolling block .50-70 Government 1884-1897
Korean Empire (1897-1910)
Berdan II Bolt action 10.75×58mm 1897-1907 By regular army
Mauser Model 1871 Bolt action 11×60mm Mauser 1897-1907 By elite forces
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948–present)
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30 Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1948-1960s Currently used by reserve forces
Mosin–Nagant M1944 Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1948-1960s Currently used by reserve forces
SKS Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1948-1970s? Currently used by reserve forces
Type 30 Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1950s-1960s Local produced version of Mosin–Nagant M1891/30
Currently used by reserve forces
Type 53 Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1953-1960s Local produced version of Mosin–Nagant M1944
Currently used by reserve forces
Type 63 Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1963-1970s? Local produced version of SKS
Currently used by reserve forces
Type 58 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1958–Present Local produced version of AK-47
Type 68 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1968–Present Local produced version of AKM
Type 88 Selective fire 5.45×39mm 1988–Present Local produced version of AK-74
Republic of Korea (1948–present)
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1948-1978
M1 Carbine Semi-automatic .30 Carbine 1948-1978
M16A1 Selective fire .223 Remington 1968–2017 (scheduled) Colt Model 603K; produced under license by Daewoo Precision Industries
Daewoo Precision Industries K1A Selective fire .223 Remington 1981–Present Standard submachine gun
Daewoo Precision Industries K2 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1984–Present Standard assault rifle

Liberia

Firearm Type Calibre Service
M1 Carbine Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 19??s-1990s
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 19??s-1990s
M16 rifle Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 19??s–present
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1990s–present

Lebanon

Firearm Type Calibre Service
MAS-49 rifle Semi-automatic 7.5×54mm French 1940s-1950s
Fusil Automatique Léger Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1950s-1990s
M16 rifle Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1970s–present
M4 Carbine Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008–present

Luxembourg[4]

FN Model 1949
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Mauser M98 Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1898-1940
Karabiner 98k Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1945
Ross rifle Bolt action .303 British 1945
Pattern 1914 Enfield Bolt action .303 British 1945
Lee–Enfield Bolt action .303 British 1945-1952
FN Model 1949 Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1951-1963
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1963-1996
Steyr AUG Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1996–Present

Malaysia

M4 carbine
Firearm Type Calibre Service
L1A1 SLR Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 1969–Present
M16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1973–present
Steyr AUG Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1990s–present
M4 carbine Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2007–present
Heckler & Koch HK33 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2012–present

Mexico

FX-05 Xiuhcoatl
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Springfield Model 1873 Breech-loading .45-70 1873-1890s
Winchester Model 1895 Lever Action .30-06 1895-1920s
Mauser 1895 FMM 1895 Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1895-1902
Mauser 1898 FMM 1902/07/10/12/24/36 Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1902-1954
Mauser 1898 FMM 1954 Bolt action .30-06 Springfield 1954-?
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1963-1978
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1965–Present (Slowly Replaced by FX-05 Xiuhcoatl)
M-16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1971–Present
Heckler & Koch G36 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1999–Present
FX-05 Xiuhcoatl Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2006–Present

Netherlands

Dutch Mannlicher M.95
FN FAL
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Dutch Snider Breech loading 17.5×29Rmm 1867-1871
Dutch Beaumont M71 Bolt-Action 11.3×50Rmm 1871-1888
Dutch Beaumont-Vital M1871/88 Bolt-Action 11.3×52Rmm 1888-1895
Dutch Mannlicher Bolt-Action 6.5×53mmR 1895-1945
Lee–Enfield No. 4 Bolt-Action .303 British 1945-1954
M1 Garand Semi-automatic rifle .30-06 Springfield 1945-1961
FN FAL Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×51mm NATO 1961-1995
Diemaco C7 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1995–present
Diemaco C8 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1995–present

New Zealand

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield Bolt-Action .303 SAA Ball 1900s-1950s
L1A1 SLR Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 1950s-1980s
Steyr AUG Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1980s-Present

Norway

A collection of Norwegian rifles from the Fram museum. Showing from the top:Krag–Jørgensen (civilian M1894 with carved stock), Krag–Petersson, Jarmann M1884, Remington M1867
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Remington M1867 Rolling block 12.17×42mm RF 1867-1895
Jarmann M1884 Bolt-action 10.15×61mmR 1884-1900
Krag–Jørgensen M1894 Bolt-action 6.5×55mm 1894-1945
Lee–Enfield No 4 Bolt-action .303 British 1940-1952
Mauser M98 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser (Navy)/.30-06 Springfield (Army, Air Force) 1945-1968
Selvladegevær M1 Semi-Automatic .30-06 Springfield 1952–Present (limited use for drill/display)
US-Karabin Semi-automatic .30 Carbine 1952-1970 (used by police until early 90s)
AG-3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1964–Present (Home Guard only)
Heckler & Koch HK416 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008–Present

Pakistan

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1967–present

Peru

Firearm Type Calibre Service
AKM Selective-Fire 7.62×39mm 1970s-Present
FN FAL[5] Selective-Fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1960s-Present

Philippines

M1 Garand
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield Bolt-action .303 British 1895–Present (Limited Use)
M1903 Springfield Bolt action .30-03 Springfield 1912-1951
M1917 Enfield Bolt Action .30-06 Springfield 1920s-1960s
SVT-40 Semi-automatic 7.62×54mmR 1940–1955
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1951–Present
M14 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1960s-Present
M16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm 1970s-Present
CAR-15 Selective fire 5.56×45mm 1970s-Present
M4A1 Selective fire 5.56×45mm 2014–Present

Poland

Kbs. wz. 1996 Beryl
Kbs wz. 2004 Beryl
Firearm Type Calibre Service Notes
Mosin–Nagant Bolt Action 7.62×54mmR 1898-1950s Some chambered to 7.92×57mm and used during Invasion of Poland
Mauser 98k Bolt Action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1918-1939 produced in Poland from 1929 as Mauser Carbine Kbk wz. 1929
Lee–Enfield Bolt Action .303 British 1940–Present Used by Polish Armed Forces in the West
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1950s-Present
AKM Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present still used to train and reserve services[6]
Kbk wz. 1988 Tantal Selective fire 5.45×39mm 1989-2005 1000 sold to Iraq
M4A1 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO ?-? GROM, also with Bushmaster M203 grenade launcher[6]
96 Beryl Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1997–present along with Mini-Beryl sub-carbine and in different variants
MSBS Radon Selective fire 5.56.45mm NATO 2014–Present Serial production started

Portugal

Mauser-Vergueiro m/1904/39
Mauser m/937
AR-10
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Enfield m/1859 Percussion cap 14mm Minié 1859-1872
Snider–Enfield m/1872 Breech-loading .577 Snider 1872-1910 (after 1886 limited use with colonial troops)
Kropatschek m/1886 Bolt action 8×60mm Guedes 1886-1961 (after 1904 limited use with colonial troops)
Mauser-Vergueiro m/1904 Bolt-action 6.5×58mm Vergueiro 1904-1960s
Mauser m/937 Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1937-1960s-Present (limited use for drill/display in the GNR)
AR-10 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1960-1974
G3 m/961 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1961–Present
FN m/962 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1962-1990s
Heckler & Koch G36 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2000s-Present

Romania

Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965
Firearm Type Calibre Service
M1868 Romanian Peabody Falling block .45 Romanian 1868-18??
M1879 Romanian Martini–Henry Falling block .45 Romanian 1879-18??
Steyr-Mannlicher M1893 Bolt action 6.5×53mmR 1893-1938
Mosin–Nagant Bolt action 7.62×54mmR 1917-1960s
vz. 24 Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1938-1960s
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1950s-1963
Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1963–Present (reserve since the 1990s)
Puşcă Automată model 1986 Selective fire 5.45×39mm 1986–Present

Russia and Soviet Union

AK-47
AK-74M
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Model 1857 Six Line Rifled musket .60 calibre 1857-1867
M1867 Russian Krnka Trapdoor breechloader 15 mm 1867-1869
Berdan rifle Bolt action 10.75×58mm 1869-1891
Mosin–Nagant Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1891–1951 (today as a reserve sniper rifle)
Winchester Model 1895 Lever-action 7.62×54mmR 1895–1917
SVT-40 Semi-automatic 7.62×54mmR 1940–1955
SKS Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1945–Present (as ceremonial arm and a reserve service rifle)
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1949–Present (as a reserve service rifle)
AKM Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1959–Present (reserve and active rear-echelon forces)
AK-74 Selective fire 5.45×39mm 1974–Present
AK-74M Selective fire 5.45×39mm 1991–Present (standard service rifle)

Saudi Arabia

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1968–present (being replaced by G36)
Steyr AUG Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1980–present
Heckler & Koch G36 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008–present

Serbia

Serbian Mauser M1899
Mauser M24 produced in Serbia
Zastava M70
Zastava M21
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Krjalinka Flintlock Unknown 1804-1850's
Shishana Flintlock Unknown 1804-1850's
Potzdam Musket 1723/40 variants Flintlock .75 1807-1850's
Mini-Frankot-Petrovich M1856 Percussion cap Minié ball 1856-1880's
Green M1867 Percussion cap 14,9mm 1867-1880's
Peabody M1870 Percussion cap 14,9mm 1870-1880's
Mauser M1880 Bolt action 10.15×63mmR 1880-1916
Berdan II Bolt action 10.75×58 mmR 1900-1916
Mauser M1899 Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1900-1930's
Mauser M80/07 Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1907-1930's
Mauser M910 Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1910-1930's
Mauser M1890 Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1913-1916
Mauser M1893 Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1913-1916
Mauser M1903 Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1913-1916
Mannlicher M1895 Bolt action 8×50mmR 1913-1930's
Mosin–Nagant 1891 Bolt action 7.62×54mmR 1914-1916
Berthier rifle Bolt action 8×50mmR Lebel 1916-1918
Lebel Model 1886 rifle Bolt action 8×50mmR Lebel 1916-1930's
Mauser M24 Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1928-1945
Manlicher M95M and M95/24 Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1938-1945
Mauser M1899C Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1938-1945
Karabiner 98k Bolt action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1941-1945
Carcano Bolt action 6.5×52mm Carcano 1941-1945
Lee Enfield Bolt action .303 British 1944-1945
Zastava M70 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1992–Present
Zastava M21 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008–Present

Singapore

SAR 21
Firearm Type Calibre Service
AR-15 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1968-1973
M16S1 rifle Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1973–present
SAR 80 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1980s-unknown
SR 88 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1988-unknown
SAR 21 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1999–present

Slovenia

FS2000 of the Slovenian Army
Firearm Type Calibre Service Note
M1798 musket Musket ? 1854-1867 As part of the Habsburg Monarchy
Lorenz rifle Rifled musket 13.7mm 1854-1867 As part of the Austrian Empire
Wänzl rifle Trapdoor breechloader 14mm Wanzl rimfire 1867-1870s As part of the Austrian Empire
Werndl–Holub rifle Rotary block 11×42mmR, 11×36mmR, 11×58mmR 1867-1886 As part of Austria-Hungary
Mannlicher M1886 Straight-pull 11×58mmR, 8×50mmR Mannlicher 1886-1888 As part of Austria-Hungary
Mannlicher M1888 Straight-pull 8×50mmR 1888-1910s As part of Austria-Hungary
Mannlicher M1895 Straight-pull 8×50mmR 1895-1920s As part of Austria-Hungary, the State of SCS and the Kingdom of SCS
Carcano Bolt Action 6.5×52mm Carcano 1919-1943 As part of the Kingdom of Italy
M24 series Bolt Action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1924-1948 As part of the Kingdom of SCS, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and SFR Yugoslavia
Zastava M48 Bolt Action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1948-1966 As part of SFR Yugoslavia
PAP M59/66 Semi-automatic 7.62×39 1966-1980's As part of SFR Yugoslavia
Zastava M70 Selective fire 7.62×39 1970-2006 As part of SFR Yugoslavia
SAR 80 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO Early 1990s
FS2000 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2006–Present

South Africa

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield Bolt Action .303 SAA Ball 1910-1960s
R1 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1950s-Present
Vektor R4 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1982–Present

Spain

CETME L
Heckler & Koch G36
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Model 1857 rifle musket Rifled musket ? 1857-1867
M1857/67 Berdan Trapdoor breechloader 15×41mmR 1867-1868
M1868 Spanish Peabody Falling block .56-50R Spencer, 11.15×58mmR (.43 Spanish) 1868-1870
M1870 Remington Rolling block 11.15×58mmR 1870-1893
M1893 Mauser Bolt action 7×57mm Mauser 1893-1945
M43 La Coruña Bolt-action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1942-1958
CETME Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1958-1997
CETME Model L Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1984-1999
Heckler & Koch G36 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2000–Present

Sweden

Ak 5C
Firearm Type Calibre Service
M1867 Remington Rolling block 12.17×42mm RF 1867- ~1900
M1896 Swedish Mauser Bolt-action 6.5×55mm 1896-1995
Ag m/42 Semi-automatic 6.5×55mm 1942-1965
Ak 4 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1965–Present
Ak 5 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1986–Present

Switzerland

Sturmgewehr 57
Sturmgewehr 90
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Infanteriegewehr Modell 1842 Muzzle-loading percussion 18 mm 1842-1867
Eidgenössischer Stutzer 1851 Muzzle-loading percussion 18 mm 1851-1863
M1842/59/67 Swiss Milbank-Amsler Breechloader 18×25mmR Rimfire 1869-1869
M1867 Swiss Peabody Falling block 10.4×38mmR Rimfire (.41 Swiss rimfire) 1867-1869
Vetterli rifle Bolt-action 10.4×38Rmm Rimfire 1869-1890
Schmidt–Rubin Bolt-action 7.5×55mm Swiss 1889-1957
K31 Bolt-action 7.5×55mm Swiss 1933-1958
Sturmgewehr 57 Selective fire 7.5×55mm Swiss 1957–Present
Sturmgewehr 90 Selective fire 5,6mm Gw Pat 90 1990–Present

Thailand

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Type 45 Siamese Mauser Bolt action 8×50mmR Type 45, 8×52mmR Type 66 1903-1960s
Vz. 24 Bolt Action 7.92×57mm Mauser Early 1940s-1960s
M1903 Springfield Bolt Action .30-06 Springfield 1944-1970 (Used for training by Government agents of Ministry of Interior at present.)
M1 Carbine Semi-automatic rifle .30 Carbine 1944-1970 (Used for training by Army ROTC at present.)
M1 Garand Semi-automatic rifle .30-06 Springfield 1944-1970 (Used for training by Army ROTC at present.)
Mosin–Nagant Bolt Action 7.62×54mmR During Vietnam War (Limited and used by Ranger Sniper)
M16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1980s-present
Type 11 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1968–present
IMI Tavor TAR-21 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008–present

Tibet

Firearm Type Calibre Service
Lee–Enfield rifle Bolt action .303 British 1914[7]-~1950s[8]
Tibet was de facto independent from 1912 until the 1950s, and fielded the Tibetan Army

Turkey

Firearm Type Calibre Service
M1887 Bolt action 9.5×60R 1887
1890 Turkish Mauser Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine 1890
1893 Ottoman Mauser Bolt action 7.65×53mm Argentine (1893), 8×57mm Mauser (1930s) 1893
Mauser 1898 Bolt action 8x57mm Mauser 1900s-1954
Gewehr 1888 Bolt action 8×57mm Mauser 1915-1930s
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1953-1980s (Still used as a ceremonial rifle)
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1950s-1970s
Heckler & Koch G3 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1970s-Present
Heckler & Koch HK33 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1997–2015
MKEK MPT-56 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO unknown
MKEK MPT-76 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 2015–Present

Ukraine

AK-47
AKM
Firearm Type Calibre Service
SKS Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1945–Present (mainly used as ceremonial arm)
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1949–Present
AKM Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1959–Present
AK-74 Selective fire 5.45×39mm 1974–Present

United Kingdom & British Empire

Rifle No. 1 Mk. III
Rifle No. 4
L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle
SA80 L85A1
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Ferguson rifle Breech-loading .650 Ball 1776
Baker rifle Flintlock .615 Ball 1801-1837
Brunswick rifle Percussion cap .704 Ball 1837-1851
Pattern 1853 Enfield Percussion cap .577 Ball 1853-1867
Snider–Enfield Breech-loading .577 Snider 1866-1901
Martini–Henry Breech-loading .577/450 Martini–Henry 1871-1888
Lee–Metford Bolt action .303 British 1888-1926
Lee–Enfield Bolt-action .303 British 1895–1957
Ross rifle (Canada) Straight Pull .303 British 1905-1916
Pattern 1914 Enfield Bolt-action .303 British 1914–1947
L1A1 SLR Semi-automatic 7.62×51mm NATO 1956–1987
SA80 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1985–Present
Steyr AUG (Falklands) Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO ?–Present

United States

Model 1816 Flintlock Musket
M1 Garand and M1 Carbine
M14 rifle
M16A1 rifle
M4 carbine
Firearm Type Calibre Service Notes
Kentucky Long rifle Flintlock .36 ball 1776-1816
Model 1795 Musket Flintlock .69 Ball 1795-1842
Model 1803 Rifle Flintlock .54 Ball 1803-?
Model 1812 Musket Flintlock .69 Ball 1812-1842
Model 1814 Rifle Flintlock .54 Ball 1814-?
Model 1816 Musket Flintlock .69 Ball 1816-1842
Model 1817 Rifle Flintlock .54 Ball 1817-1842
Model 1822 Musket Flintlock .69 Ball 1822-1865
Springfield Model 1835 Flintlock .69 Ball 1835-1842
Springfield Model 1842 Percussion cap .69 Ball 1842-1854
Springfield Model 1855 Percussion cap .58 Minié 1854-1861
Spencer Repeating Rifle Lever Action 56-56 Spencer 1860-1873
Springfield Model 1861 Percussion cap .58 Minié 1861-1867
Henry Repeating Rifle Lever Action .44 Henry 1862-1873
Springfield Model 1863 Percussion cap .58 Minié 1863-1867
Springfield Model 1865 Breech-loading .58 Musket Rimfire 1865-1867
Springfield Model 1866 Breech-loading .50-70 Government 1866-1873
Springfield Model 1868 Breech-loading .50-70 Government 1869-1873
Springfield Model 1873 Breech-loading .45-70 1873-1884
Springfield Model 1884 Breech-loading .45-70 1884-1894
Springfield Model 1892-99 Bolt action .30-40 Krag 1894-early 1900s
M1895 Lee Navy (Navy/Marines) Straight-pull 6mm Lee Navy 1895-early 1900s
M1903 Springfield Bolt-action .30-06 Springfield 1903-1957
M1916 Mosin–Nagant Bolt-action 7.62×54R 1918-c.1921
M1917 Enfield Bolt-action .30-06 Springfield 1917-1943
M1 Garand Semi-automatic .30-06 Springfield 1936-1963 (some used into the 1970s)
M1 Carbine Semi-automatic .30 Carbine 1942-1960s
M2 Carbine Selective fire .30 Carbine 1945-1960s
M14 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1957–Present Standard issue until 1970
Currently used as a marksman rifle
M16 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1963–Present Standard rifle of USMC
M4A1 Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 1994–Present Standard carbine of US Army
MK 17 Mod 0 (FN SCAR-H) Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 2009–present Used by all branches of USSOCOM

Uruguay

AK-101
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Gewehr 98 Bolt Action 7.92×57mm Mauser 1898-1958
FN FAL Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1950s-Present
Steyr AUG Selective fire 5.56×45mm NATO 2008–Present

Venezuela

AK-103
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Gewehr 98 Bolt-action 7×57mm Mauser 1898-1960s
FN Model 1949 Semi-automatic 7×57mm Mauser 1950-1960s
FN FAL 50.63 Selective fire 7.62×51mm NATO 1954–Present
AK-103 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 2006–Present

Vietnam

SKS
Firearm Type Calibre Service
Mosin–Nagant Bolt-action 7.62×54mmR 1920s-1960s
SKS Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1960s-1975
Type 56 carbine Semi-automatic 7.62×39mm 1960s-1975
AK-47 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-2000s
Type 56 Assault Rifle Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-2000s
AKM Selective fire 7.62×39mm 1960s-Present
XM177E2 Selective fire 5.56×45mm 1960s-Present
IMI Tavor TAR-21 Selective fire 5.56×45mm 2012–Present
Galil ACE 31/32 Selective fire 7.62×39mm 2015–Present

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wolfdieter Hufnagel, U.S. Karabiner .30 M1, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-613-01635-4
  2. ↑ Robert W.D. Ball (2 August 2011). Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Gun Digest Books. pp. 240–. ISBN 1-4402-1544-8.
  3. 1 2 Charles T. Williamson (1999). The U.S. Naval Mission to Haiti, 1959-1963. Naval Institute Press. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-1-55750-941-3.
  4. ↑ GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG
  5. ↑ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35th edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  6. 1 2 http://forum.wmasg.pl/index.php?/topic/42132-ak-74-m4-i-m203-w-wojsku-polskim/
  7. ↑ Jiawei Wang; 尼玛坚赞 (1997). The Historical Status of China's Tibet. 五洲传播出版社. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-7-80113-304-5.
  8. ↑ Philip Jowett (20 November 2013). China's Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894-1949. Osprey Publishing. pp. 109–. ISBN 978-1-78200-407-3.
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