Inning
An inning in baseball, softball, and similar games is the basic unit of play, consisting of two halves or frames,[1] the "top" (first half) and the "bottom" (second half). In each half, one team bats until three outs are made, with the other team playing defense.[2] A full game typically is scheduled for six, seven, or nine innings, although this may be shortened due to weather or extended in the event that the score is tied at the end of the scheduled innings.
Gameplay
Each half-inning formally starts when the umpire calls "Play". A full inning consists of six outs, three for each team; and, Major League Baseball and most other adult leagues, a regulation game consists of nine innings. The visiting team bats in the first half-inning, the top of the inning, derived from the position of the visiting team at the top line of a baseball line score. The home team's half of an inning is the bottom of the inning, and the break between halves of an inning is the middle of the inning. If the home team is leading in the middle of the final scheduled inning, or scores to take the lead in the bottom of the final scheduled inning, the game immediately ends in a home victory.
In most leagues, if the score is tied after the final scheduled inning, the game goes into extra innings until an inning ends with one team ahead of the other. In Japanese baseball, however, games end if tied after 12 innings (or, in postseason play in Nippon Professional Baseball, 15 innings). Since 2011 it will also end in a tie if regular-season game has reached its 3-hour, 30-minute time limit and both teams are tied. As in the case of the ninth inning, a home team which scores to take a lead in any extra inning automatically wins, and the inning (and the game) is considered complete at that moment regardless of the number of outs. This is commonly referred to as a "walk-off" situation, since the last play results in the teams walking off the field because the game is over. However, road teams can't earn a "walk-off" victory by scoring the go-ahead run in extra innings, unlike in ice hockey where the team (either home or away) scoring first in overtime automatically wins.
A baseball game can be shorter than scheduled innings if it is interrupted by rain (or other bad weather). Such a game, called a rain out, it often preceded by a rain delay, a pause in the game during which the umpires will try to determine if the weather will allow the game to continue. If so, the game will simply be delayed until the rain stops, and then play will resume. If not, the umpires will announce a rain out and play will be suspended for the day. The game may have to be replayed in its entirely at a later date, but under certain circumstances, a game shortened because of rain can count as an official game, and the team that was ahead at the time the game was called will be awarded the win. See the article on rainout (baseball) for further details.[3]
Professional baseball games as well as college baseball games are scheduled for nine innings. High school games and College softball are scheduled for seven innings and Little League are scheduled for six innings.
Terminology
Ending a half-inning is referred to as "retiring the side". A half-inning in which all batters are put out without taking a base is referred to as a "one-two-three inning". The number of innings a pitcher is in a game is measured by the innings pitched statistic.
In US English, baseball terminology is sometimes found in non-sports usage in a tense situation: "it's the bottom of the ninth [inning]" (sometimes adding, "with two outs"), meaning "there isn't much time to turn things around here".
While inning is the standard baseball term, there is at least one literary instance, of innings being used in a baseball context. This occurs in the story "Baseball Hattie" by Damon Runyon, who refers to the seventh innings of a Phillies-Giants game.
References
- ↑ Dickson, Paul (2009). The Dickson Baseball Dictionary. W. W. Norton & Company.
- ↑ http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2007/04_starting_and_ending_game.pdf Major League Baseball Starting and Ending a Game (see 4.10)
- ↑ Baseball Explained by Phillip Mahony, McFarland Books, 2014. See www.baseballexplained.com
