Integrated threat theory

Integrated threat theory is a theory in psychology and sociology which attempts to describe the components that cause a perceived threat between social groups.

Components of the theory

The four generally accepted components in integrated threat theory are realistic threats, symbolic threat, intergroup anxiety, and negative stereotypes.

Realistic threats

These are threats that pose a realistic danger to the in-group. These can include physical threats, threats to economic and political power, and threats to existence. These threats are broad, encompassing any threat to the group, and are based on perception. The threat does not have to be actual, only perceived to be existent to be a threat. This component was originally developed as a part of realistic group conflict theory by Robert LeVine, Donald T. Campbell, and Muzafer Sherif.

Symbolic threat

These are the perceived differences between group morals, standards, beliefs, and attitudes. This is a threat to the group's worldview rather than to its physical well-being.

Intergroup anxiety

These are anxieties based on intergroup interaction and that the outcome would be negative for the self, such as embarrassment, rejection, or ridicule. In integrated threat theory, the anxieties are physically measured to calculate prejudice.

Negative stereotypes

These create a sense that an outgroup poses a threat and a negative outcome through interaction. In essence, this is a fear of negative consequence through interaction with an outgroup.