Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed

The Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed is a seventy-five mile-long waterway consisting of fourteen lakes and connecting rivers in the northwestern section of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, which empty into Lake Michigan.

The watershed includes 500 square miles (1,300 km²) in Antrim County, Charlevoix County, Grand Traverse County, and Kalkaska County. The watershed includes a series of fourteen lakes and interconnecting rivers. From the uppermost lake in the chain, Beals Lake in Echo Township, Antrim County, the water flows 55 miles (89 km) and drops 40 feet (12 m) in elevation. It has over 200 miles (320 km) of shoreline and almost 60 square miles (160 km²) of water surface.^[1]^[2]

Geography

The chain of lakes system begins with the upper stage of the Intermediate River, which rises in hill country at 45°00′20″N 85°04′45″W / 45.00556°N 85.07917°W / 45.00556; -85.07917^[3] in the northwest corner of Chestonia Township in central Antrim County. From here, the waterway traverses a number of small lakes flowing north, then making a sharp turn near the village of Ellsworth, flows south through a narrow valley, paralleling the tracks of the Pere Marquette Railroad, until emptying into Intermediate Lake. The outlet of Intermediate Lake converges with the Cedar River in the village of Bellaire, gaining considerable volume. Now a river of substantial flow, it continues south into 1,700-acre (6.9 km²) Lake Bellaire. Leaving the lake, the stream becomes the Grass River, winding for some two miles (3 km) through the scenic Grass River Natural Area before emptying into Clam Lake. Clam Lake in turn empties directly into Torch Lake. At over 18,000 acres (73 km²) in size, Torch Lake is the largest body of water in the system. The waterway, now clarified after traversing the immense depths of the lake, continues south through the Torch River, joins with the Rapid River, a major tributary, and empties into Lake Skegemog, a 2,500-acre (10 km²) lake that is studded with large stump fields, the result of the flooding of timberlands when the lake level was raised several feet by the construction of the dam at the terminus of the system. Lake Skegemog, which is the meeting point of Grand Traverse, Kalkaska and Antrim counties, is conjoined at its western end to 7,700-acre (31 km²) Elk Lake, the second-largest and final lake in the system. The outflow of Elk Lake, the Elk River, flows a short distance to a power dam in the town of Elk Rapids, then out into the east arm of the Grand Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan at 44°54′06″N 85°24′49″W / 44.90167°N 85.41361°W / 44.90167; -85.41361Coordinates: 44°54′06″N 85°24′49″W / 44.90167°N 85.41361°W / 44.90167; -85.41361.^[4] For most of its length, “The Chain” is navigable by small boat, broken up only by a dam in Bellaire. Larger boats are able to navigate between Elk Rapids and Torch Lake.

History

Rivers and lakes in the watershed

The fourteen lakes (numbered) and connecting waterways in the chain of lakes are highlighted in bold. Other tributaries are in normal text

Elk River^[4]
- 1) Elk Lake^[5]
  - Williamsburg Creek^[6]
    - Bissell Pond^[7]
      - Bissell Creek^[8]
  - Battle Creek^[9]
  - 2) Lake Skegemog^[10]
    - Barker Creek^[11]
    - Desmond Creek^[12]
    - Torch River^[13]
      - Rapid River^[14]
        Rugg Pond (also known as Antrim Pond)^[15]
        Little Rapid River^[16]
      - 3) Torch Lake (Antrim County, Michigan)^[17]
        Spencer Creek^[18]
        
        Eastport Creek^[19]
        
        Wilkinson Creek (also Wilkenson Creek)^[20]
        
        4) Clam Lake^[21]
        Finch Creek^[22]
        Crow Creek^[23]
        
        Grass River^[24]
        Cold Creek^[25]
        
        Shanty Creek^[26]
        
        5) Lake Bellaire^[27]
        Grass Creek^[28]
        
        Intermediate River^[3]
        Cedar River^[29]
        Blair Lake^[30]
        
        North Branch Cedar River^[31]
        
        Woolcott Creek^[32]
        
        6) Intermediate Lake^[33]
        Openo Creek^[34]
        
        Fisk Creek^[35]
        
        7) Hanley Lake^[36]
        Green River^[37]
        Ogletree Creek^[38]
        Kitty Ann Creek^[39]
        
        Toad Lake^[40]
        Toad Creek^[41]
        Mud Lake^[42]
        Little Torch Lake^[43]
        
        8) Ben-way Lake^[44]
        Benway Creek^[45]
        
        9) Wilson Lake^[46]
        Vonstraten Creek^[47]
        King Creek^[48]
        
        Eaton Lake^[49]
        
        10) Ellsworth Lake^[50]
        Skinner Creek^[51]
        Skinner Lake^[52]
        
        Marion Creek^[53]
        
        11) St. Clair Lake^[54]
        St. Clair Creek^[55]
        Lyman Creek^[56]
        Lymans Lake (also Lyman Lake)^[57]
        
        12) Sixmile Lake^[58]
        Liscon Creek^[59]
        Ranney Creek^[60]
        
        Vance Creek^[61]
        
        Dingman River^[62]
        Smith Creek^[63]
        
        13) Scotts Lake^[64]
        Beal Creek^[65]
        
        14) Beals Lake^[66]
        Intermediate River^[3]
        Spence Creek^[67]
        
        Taylor Creek^[68]
        
        Seamon Creek^[69]
        
        Hitchcock Creek^[70]

Cities, villages, and townships in the watershed

The Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed includes all or portions of the following cities, villages, and townships:

References

External links

Elk River Watershed, Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council
Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

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