International Rice Research Institute

International Rice Research Institute
Motto "Rice Science For A Better World"
Formation 1960
Type International non-profit research and training center
Purpose Research
Headquarters Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
Region served
 Worldwide
Director General
 Dr. Matthew Morell[1][2]
Affiliations CGIAR
Budget
 US$99.19 million (2014)[3]
Staff
 1,300[4]
Website www.irri.org

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international research and training organization with headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna in the Philippines and offices in seventeen countries with ~1,300 staff.[5][6] IRRI is known for its work in developing rice varieties that contributed to the Green Revolution in the 1960s which preempted the famine in Asia.[7]

The Institute, established in 1960 aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming. It advances its mission through collaborative research, partnerships, and the strengthening of the national agricultural research and extension systems of the countries IRRI works in.[8]

IRRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers in the world that form the Consortium Group of International Agriculture Research Centers (CGIAR), a global partnership of organizations engaged in research on food security. It is also the largest non-profit agricultural research center in Asia. [9]

Origins

IRRI was established in 1960 with the support of the Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation and the Government of the Philippines.[10] The Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR), a consortium of donors organized in 1971 by Food and Agriculture Organization of UN (FAO), the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the UN Development Program (UNDP) provided the foundation of IRRI and have continued their support for the Institute.[11]

Impact

Entrance to the IRRI Headquarters at Los Baños, Laguna with Mt. Makiling in the background.

IRRI is well known for its contribution to the "Green Revolution" movement in Asia during the late 1960s and 1970s, which involved the breeding of "semidwarf" varieties of rice that were less likely to lodge (fall over). IRRI’s semi-dwarf varieties, including the famous IR8, saved India from famine in the 1960s.[12] The varieties developed at IRRI, known as IR varieties, are well accepted in many Asian countries. In 2005, it was estimated that 60% of the world's rice area was planted to IRRI-bred rice varieties or their progenies.[13]

A report published by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research in 2011 assessed the impact of IRRI's breeding work in three countries in South East Asia between 1985 and 2009. It found IRRI's breeding work delivered an annual benefit of US$1.46 billion and boosted rice yields up to 13%.[14]

IRRI, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and BGI (formerly known as the Beijing Genomics Institute) have "identified the exact genetic makeup of more than 3,000 different families of rice for the first time in what is being heralded as a major advancement in rice science."[15]

For five decades, IRRI has provided a place for scientists and future leaders in rice research to learn. Since 1964, over 15,000 scientists have undergone training at IRRI to conduct rice research.[16]

Golden Rice

IRRI is pursuing the development of “golden rice,” a genetically modified variety that began in the IRRI lab about two decades ago. Geneticists inserted a gene into the rice plant that allows it to produce beta carotene, which makes its grains yellow. Because the human body converts beta carotene to vitamin A, golden rice has the potential to dramatically improve the lives of millions of people around the world, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia, where vitamin A deficiency is an especially common malady that can cause blindness and increases the risk of death from disease. Children are particularly vulnerable: “An estimated 250,000 to 500,000 vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight,” according to the U.N. World Health Organization. In August 2013, anti-genetically modified organism protestors broke into IRRI's research facilities and destroyed field trials of golden rice.[12] The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supports IRRI in its development of Golden Rice.[17]

Research

IRRI's research themes consist of:[18]

IRRI's current scope of research covers:[19]

In 2010, the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) was launched, which IRRI leads in Asia, the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) leads in Africa, and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) leads in Latin America. It aims to "dramatically improve the ability of rice farmers to feed growing populations in some of the world’s poorest nations".[20]

IRRI scientist (rt) talks to farmer in Bangladesh amidst rice crop.

Awards

For its work on rice science, in 1969, IRRI was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding[21] and received the 2010 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Development Cooperation.

The Ramon Magsaysay Award, an annual award was established in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government to "perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society". The Ramon Magsaysay Award is Asia's highest honor and widely regarded as the Asian equivalent to the Nobel Prize.[22][23] The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation stated, "Distilling more than three millennia of accumulated insight in cultivating man's leading cereal crop, the INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, with its creation of "miracle rice," inaugurated a "green revolution," promising nearly one-half of humanity the prospect of suffficiency in its staple food." and that IRRI was the first coordinated international attempt in the tropics to solve a major problem of world agriculture.[24]

IRRI received the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Development Cooperation category for its contribution to “reducing poverty and hunger in the world by means of rice research and farmer training” and “for the quality of its research work, which has led to the development of new rice varieties adapted to different cropping areas in Asia and providing improved yield and sustainability across multiple climate regimes”. IRRI was nominated for the award by Japan’s National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. The award jury also pointed to “its success in transferring the results of its research, by working with local teams and organizations in Asian and sub-Saharan countries and making its varieties freely available to farmers. By this means, the IRRI has secured the effective dissemination of its innovations with the resultant increase in production of this basic crop”.[25]

Facilities

IRRI's headquarters in the Philippines is located on a 252 hectares (620 acres) experimental farm with modern laboratories and glasshouses, and a training center. The land is owned by the University of the Philippines and is leased to the Institute. It also houses the International Rice Genebank and Riceworld Museum. The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 rice accessions and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world.[26]

Country Offices

IRRI has offices in the following rice growing countries in Asia and Africa:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "IRRI Trustees announce next director general". Retrieved 16 Dec 2015.
  2. ↑ "IRRI leadership changes hands during stirring turnover ceremony". Retrieved 17 Dec 2015.
  3. ↑ "IRRI website: Funding and donors". Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  4. ↑ "IRRI website: Our people".
  5. ↑ "IRRI website: About IRRI".
  6. ↑ "International Rice Research Institute on Google maps".
  7. ↑ "A bigger rice bowl". The Economist. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  8. ↑ "IRRI - Our mission". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  9. ↑ "International Rice Research Institute celebrates its 50th Anniversary". Manila Bulletin (Manila Bulletin Publishing Corp.). 2009-12-09. Archived from the original on 2012-08-19. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  10. ↑ "An adventure in applied science: A history of the International Rice Research Institute".
  11. ↑ An Adventure in Applied Science: History of the International Rice Research Institute
  12. 1 2 Hugo Restall (21 November 2014). "Growing a Second Green Revolution". WSJ. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  13. ↑ "IR varieties and their impact".
  14. ↑ "ACIAR report: International Rice Research Institute’s contribution to rice varietal yield improvement in South-East Asia".
  15. ↑ Chandran, Nyshka (22 September 2015). "Asia scientists take big leap toward 'rice of the future'". CNBC. Retrieved 28 September 2015 – via Yahoo! Finance.
  16. ↑ "IRRI - Our facilities". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  17. ↑ "Agricultural Development Golden Rice". Retrieved 3 Feb 2016.
  18. ↑ Kenneth Lojo. "IRRI - Research". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  19. ↑ "IRRI website: Our work".
  20. ↑ "Media release: Improved rice availability and reduced environmental impact forecast through new Global Rice Science Partnership" (Press release). Cgia.org.
  21. ↑ "International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) - Citation". Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  22. ↑ "BBC News - ASIA-PACIFIC - Activists share 'Asian Nobel Prize'". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  23. ↑ http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bureaucrat-and-whistle-blower-sanjeev-chaturvedi-anshu-gupta-of-goonj-to-get-ramon-magsaysay-award-2109139
  24. ↑ Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. "Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation - Awardees". RMAF. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  25. ↑ "BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  26. ↑ "IRRI - The International Rice Genebank". Retrieved 7 December 2015.

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Coordinates: 14°10′12″N 121°15′25″E / 14.170°N 121.257°E / 14.170; 121.257

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