Intracellular antibody-mediated degradation

Intracellular antibody-mediated degradation (IAMD) is a neutralization mechanism of intracellular antibody-mediated immunity whereby an effector protein, TRIM21, directs antibody bound virions to the proteasome where they are degraded. As yet, it has only been observed to act against the adenovirus[1] but is likely to also be effective against other non-enveloped viruses.

Mechanism of action

Crystallographic structure of two molecules of the C-terminal PRYSPRY domain of TRIM21 (top right and top left) complexed with homodimeric Ig gamma-1 chain C region (center).[2]

In IAMD, the neutralization of the pathogen follows a non-cytotoxic mechanism.[1] That is, the infected cell is not attacked as in Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, instead the virions are rapidly destroyed and the cell may be relieved of infection.

  1. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) binds specifically to the target antigen presented on the pathogen extracellularly
  2. The antibody bound pathogen infects a host cell
  3. In the cytosol, TRIM21 (a protein of the Tripartite motif family) binds with high affinity to IgG
  4. TRIM21 is conjugated with ubiquitin, which directs the complex to the proteasome
  5. Degradation by proteolysis of both the protein capsid and the antibody occurs, but not the TRIM21 protein

Resistance to mutants

There are a number of reasons why IAMD is so resistant to evasion by mutants through evolution:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Mallery DL, McEwan WA, Bidgood SR, Towers GJ, Johnson CM, James LC (2010). "Antibodies mediate intracellular immunity through tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (46): 19985–19990. doi:10.1073/pnas.1014074107. PMC 2993423. PMID 21045130.
  2. PDB: 2IWG; James LC, Keeble AH, Khan Z, Rhodes DA, Trowsdale J (April 2007). "Structural basis for PRYSPRY-mediated tripartite motif (TRIM) protein function". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (15): 6200–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609174104. PMC 1851072. PMID 17400754.
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