Iris narcissiflora
| Iris narcissiflora | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Iridaceae |
| Subfamily: | Iridoideae |
| Tribe: | Irideae |
| Genus: | Iris |
| Subgenus: | Iris |
| Section: | Pseudoregelia |
| Species: | Iris narcissiflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Iris narcissiflora Diels | |
| Synonyms | |
|
None known [1] | |
Iris narcissiflora is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Pseudoregelia section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has pale green, thin, sword-shaped leaves, medium-long slender stem and 1 yellow flower. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Description
It has short, fibrous rhizomes.[2][3] That has secondary roots or slender stolons.[2][3]
It has pale green and linear leaves, that are sword-shaped and can grow up to between 12–25 cm (5–10 in) long,[2][3] and between 0.2 and 0.3 cm wide.[2] They do not have a midvein.[2] The deciduous leaves, disappear in winter or after flowering.[3]
It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between 18–30 cm (7–12 in) tall.[4][5][6]
The stem has 2 purplish-green, lanceolate spathe (leaves of the flower bud). They can grow up to between 2.5–3.3 cm (1–1 in) long and 1.2 cm wide.[2]
The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower,[3] blooming between April and May.[2][4][6]
The flat looking flower is 5–5.5 cm (2–2 in) in diameter, and is yellow.[2][3][5]
It has a perianth tube that is 3 – 4 mm long.[2]
Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[7] The falls are elliptic or obovate (ovate with the narrower end at the base) in shape, they are 3.5 cm (1 in) long and 2.5 cm wide.[2] In the centre of the petal, is a narrow, sparse beard.[2][3][5] The standards are narrow and ovate (oval-like) shaped, they are 2.8 cm long and 1.6 cm wide.[2]
It has 1.3 cm long stamens, 1.5 cm long ovary. It has a 1.5 cm long and 8 mm wide, spreading style branch, that has irregularly toothed lobes.[2]
After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule between June and August.[2]
Biochemistry
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[7] Nothing has been reported currently as of August 2015, about a chromosome count of the iris.
Taxonomy
It is commonly known as narcissus iris.[8]
It is written as 水仙花鸢尾 in Chinese script,[2] and known as shui xian hua yuan wei in Pidgin.[2][8]
The Latin specific epithet narcissiflora refers to having narcissus-like flowers.[9]
It was first published and described by Friedrich Ludwig Emil Diels in 'Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift' (Svensk Bot. Tidskr.) in Vol.18 on page 428 in 1924.[2][8][10][11]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 3 December 2004.[8]
It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.[12]
Distribution and habitat
It is native to temperate Asia.[8][12]
Range
It is found in China,[6] within the province of Sichuan.[2][4][5]
Habitat
It grows in forests, at the edge of forests and in hillside grasslands and meadows.[2][3][12]
They can be found at an altitude of 3,900 m (12,800 ft) above sea level.[6]
Cultivation
It is hardy,[4] to RHS Zone H7.[6] Meaning colder than -20 °C (or < -4 °F).[13]
It prefers to grow in well drained soils, in sun or partial shade.[4]
It takes time for the plant get established in new planting sites.[3]
It is a rare plant in Europe.[3][4]
In some herbariums and Botanical Gardens, specimens labelled as Iris narcissiflora have later been re-classified as Iris dolichosiphon.[3]
Toxicity
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[14]
References
- ↑ "Iris narcissiflora Diels is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 310". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Chapter I (Part 7) Pseudoregelia". irisbotanique.com. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Iris narcissiflora". vivaiozanelli.com. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris narcissiflora". cgf.net. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Taxon: Iris narcissiflora Diels". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ↑ D. Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 260, at Google Books
- ↑ "Iridaceae Iris narcissiflora Diels". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ↑ Franco, Alain (29 November 2013). "(SPEC) Iris narcissiflora Diehls". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 "Iris narcissiflora". eol.org. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ↑ Gardiner, Jim (February 2013). "New RHS hardiness ratings". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ↑ David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeToxicity of Houseplants, p. 236, at Google Books
Other sources
- Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 180.
- Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
External links
Media related to Iris narcissiflora at Wikimedia Commons- Has an image of the iris in flower
Data related to Iris narcissiflora at Wikispecies
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