Irish feudal barony

An Irish feudal barony was a customary title of nobility: the holder was always referred to as a Baron, but was not the holder of a peerage, and had no right to sit in the Irish House of Lords. In 1614 the Dublin Government noted that there were "diverse gentlemen" in Ireland who were called Baron, yet: "never was any of them Lord Baron nor summoned to any Parliament". [1]

History

In Ireland, most originally-feudal titular baronies have long disappeared through obsolescence or disuse. The Lordship of Fingal was granted to Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath for seven knight's fees, "although the lords thereof hold elsewhere in capite", according to the unusual grant in 1208 by King John as Lord of Ireland, who allowed de Lacy to retain custody of his fees.[2] Fingal at the time spread from the River Liffey to the River Delvin, north of Dublin, similar to the administrative boundary of today's County Fingal (minus Dublin City) created from part of County Dublin in 1994. A small number of other titular baronies also continued to exist either as submerged titles of members of the Peerages of Ireland, Great Britain or the United Kingdom, or as titles held by grand serjeanty, such as, originally, Fingal. Those few that thus survive at all are traditionally considered "incorporeal hereditaments", and may continue to exist as interests or estates in land, registrable as such upon conveyance or inheritance under the Registry of Deeds of the Government of Ireland, although increasingly these are seen today as titles held in gross as personal rights, and not as real interests in land.

Following a report by the Law Reform Commission, the system of feudal tenure as such, in so far as it had survived, was abolished by the Oireachtas in the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act (no. 27 of 2009); fee tail was also abolished . However, estates and interests in land, including incorporeal hereditaments, continue. Formerly registered or proven feudal titles with a solid root of title, and the submerged feudal titles of surviving Irish or British peers are not affected, and continue to exist as personal rights, now held in gross. However, the obsolete or unregistered feudal titles, and those that lapsed into desuetude after 1662, when the Irish Parliament passed the Abolition of Tenures Act, no longer exist as incorporeal hereditaments, nor as personal rights, and cannot be revived.

Examples of hereditary baronial knighthoods that remain in Ireland include the Knight of Glin and the Knight of Kerry.

List of Irish feudal baronies (incomplete)

[3]

TitleFamilyEarliest recordFirst known holderRef.
BallyvoeButler1614 [4]
BargyPurcell, then St. Leger1298Walter Purcell
BirrFitzowen1335Hugh Fitzowen
BrownsfordFitzGerald1585David Fitzgerald
BurnchurchFitzGeraldbefore 1218Maurice Fitzmaurice
CastleknockTyrrelc.1172Hugh Tyrrel
FingalDe Lacy, then Preston, et al.1208Walter de Lacy[5]
GaltrimHusseyc.1172Hugh Hussey
KellsFitz-Thomas, then Bermingham1172Gilbert Fitz-Thomas[6]
KilbixeyConstantine1172Geoffrey de Constantine
Loughmoe Purcell1328Richard Purcell
LuneMisset1172Robert Misset
MaynoothFitzgerald1172Maurice Fitzgerald[7]
MoyashelTuite 1172 Risteárd de Tiúit
MullingarPetit1172William le Petit
NaasFitzmaurice, then de Londres1177
NavanNangle1172Jocelyn de Angulo
Newcastle Lyons Butler before 1600
Norragh St. Michael, then Wellesleyc.1175Robert St. Michael[8]
PormanstowneDeane1577
Rathcormac Powerbefore 1597Piers Power
RathdownMacMillan1344
Rathwirede Lacy, then Daniel1172Robert de Lacy
Skrynede Feypo, then Marward1170Adam de Feypo

See also

Sources

References

  1. ↑ Calendar of Carew Manuscripts, Lambeth Palace Library Vol. V doc. 162
  2. ↑ See Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati, edited by Thomas Duffus Hardy, published in 1837; it contains original text of the Grant of Finegal by King John in 1208.
  3. ↑ National Library of Ireland List of those Baronies whose status is exceptional MS 50 pp.61 and 119
  4. ↑ Calendar of Carew Manuscripts
  5. ↑ Charter of 28 April 1208, ref. 9 John, m.1, Rotulum Chartarum in the Tower of London
  6. ↑ O'Hart, John Irish Pedigrees 5th Edition 1892
  7. ↑ Calendar of the Gormanston register folio 1
  8. ↑ Otway-Ruthven History of Medieval Ireland
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