Ischadium recurvum

Ischadium recurvum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Mytiloida
Family:	Mytilidae
Genus:	Ischadium
Species:	I. recurvum
Binomial name
Ischadium recurvum (Rafinesque, 1820)

Ischadium recurvum, known as the "hooked mussel" or "bent mussel," is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Mytilidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Cape Cod to the West Indies.^[1] They are often found growing on Eastern oysters, either intertidal (south of Chesapeake Bay, where the exposed oysters can survive the winter) or subtidal.^[2] They also attach to other hard substrates, including artificial reefs^[3] and dead shells of brackish water clams, Rangia cuneata.^[4]

References

1. Abbott, R.T. & Morris, P.A. A Field Guide to Shells: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. 17.
2. Bahr, L.M. and W.P. Lanier. 1981. The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic coast: A community profile. US Fish Wildlife Service Program FWS/OBS/-81/15.
3. Lipcius, RN, and Burke, RP. 2006. Abundance, biomass and size structure of eastern oyster and hooked mussel on a modular artificial reef in the Rappahannock River, Chesapeake Bay. Gloucester Point, Va: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary; Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering No. 390.
4. Poirrier, M.A., E.A. Spalding, and C.D., Franze. 2009. Lessons learned from a decade of assessment and restoration studies of benthic invertebrates and submersed aquatic vegetation in Lake Pontchartrain. Journal of Coastal Research SI54:88–100.