Ithan Creek

Ithan Creek

A waterfall on Ithan Creek in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania
Other name(s) Ithan Run
Basin
Progression Darby Creek → Delaware River → Delaware Bay
Main source Radnor Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Source elevation 399 ft (122 m)
River mouth Darby Creek in Haverford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Coordinates: 39°59′49″N 75°21′00″W / 39.99698°N 75.35010°W / 39.99698; -75.35010
Mouth elevation 184 ft (56 m)
Basin area 7.39 sq mi (19.1 km2)
Length 4.2 mi (6.8 km)
Tributaries

Ithan Creek (also known as Ithan Run[1]) is a tributary of Darby Creek in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 4.2 miles (6.8 km) long and flows through Radnor Township and Haverford Township.[2] The creek's watershed has an area of 7.39 square miles (19.1 km2) and is highly developed. It has three named tributaries: Browns Run, Kirks Run, and Meadowbrook Run.

Ithan Creek is within the Piedmont Uplands physiographic province. The creek was historically the site of several mills and has been subjected to numerous floods over the years. In 1902, a sewage company began dumping raw sewage into the creek, but this practice was stopped in 1905. The creek is in approved trout waters. It is the site of Ithan Valley Park, a small park with hiking and fishing opportunities and the Radnor Valley Country Club.

Course

Ithan Creek rises in a small valley just south of U.S. Route 30 in the community of Wayne, Pennsylvania. It flows west for several tenths of a mile before receiving its first tributary, Browns Run, from the right and turning south. The creek passes under Pennsylvania Route 320 and receives two small unnamed tributaries from the left. It flows alongside Interstate 476 and crosses it once. After a short while, it receives Kirks Run from the right near the community of Rosemont, Pennsylvania. It flows alongside the interstate for several tenths of a mile before passing under it again. Shortly thereafter, Ithan Creek enters Haverford Township, Pennsylvania and receives its largest tributary, Meadowbrook Run. It passes under Darby Road and meets its confluence with Darby Creek.[2]

Ithan Creek joins Darby Creek 17.9 miles (28.8 km) upriver of its mouth.[3]

Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Ithan Creek is 184 feet (56 m) above sea level.[4] The elevation of the creek's source is 399 feet (122 m) above sea level.[5]

Ithan Creek is within the Piedmont Uplands physiographic province. The Piedmont Uplands section has generally old, hard upland rocks that eroded from the Appalachian Mountains. The rocks in the watershed date to the Precambrian Era and Lower Paleozoic Era. The surficial geology mainly consist of felsic gneiss and mafic gneiss formations, with small amounts of serpentinite near the mouth of the creek.[6] Silvery mica schist is exposed along the creek. According to a report by the Geological Society of Pennsylvania, the exposures are rare in the vicinity of Ithan Creek.[7]

Two soil associations exist in the Ithan Creek watershed. The Neshaminy-Lehigh-Glenlg soil association is present in a small part of the watershed. It consists of silty, well drained, gravelly, and deep soil that rests on gabbro and granodiorite bedrock. The Chester-Glenlg-Manor soil association is prevalent through the middle of the watershed. It consists of silty, channery, and shallow to deep soil that rests on brown schist and gneiss bedrock. Most of the watershed is considered to have slightly erodible soil.[8]

Watershed

The watershed of Ithan Creek has an area of 7.39 square miles (19.1 km2).[3] Its source is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Valley Forge, but its mouth is in the quadrangle of Lansdowne.[4] Ithan Creek's watershed has a diversity of land uses, including residential (high density and low density), transportation facilities, offices, college campuses, and historic sites. Its culverts from Sproul Road to Iven Avenue are not sized correctly to manage moderate floods. There are brick structures located alongside the creek that are in poor condition. Major roads in the watershed include Interstate 476, U.S. Route 30, and Pennsylvania Route 320.[9] Ithan Creek is not considered to be impaired.[1]

History

Ithan Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1177888.[4]

The village of Ithan along the creek was the first European settlement in modern-day Radnor Township in the seventeenth century.[5] In 1826, an official report stated the following about mills on the creek:

On Ithan creek in Radnor, a mill seat, on land of the heirs of Andrew Steel, deceased. On Ithan creek, in Radnor, a grist-mill and saw-mill, head and fall about twenty-three feet, owned and occupied by John and David Evans. Near the head of Ithan creek, in Radnor, a grist mill and saw-mill, head and fall about sixteen feet, grinds from eight to ten thousand bushels of grain per annum, and about fifty tons gypsum per annum, saw-mill employed occasionally, owned and occupied by Jesse Brooke.[10]

On August 5, 1843, heavy rains caused massive flooding on Ithan Creek. About a quarter million dollars of damage in property was assessed, and several lives were lost.[11] Bridges on Ithan Creek sustained a damage of about $475.[10]

The Wayne Sewerage Company was incorporated on December 1, 1902 and constructed and maintained sewers in Radnor township. It purchased an eleven-acre tract along the creek to build a sewer system and built an engine house with boilers to purify sewage. After it was purified, the water would be released into Ithan Creek where, the company claimed, it posed no threat to human health. Despite this, on December 4, 1905, the State Board of Health filed a lawsuit against the company alleging raw sewage was being illegally dumped into the creek. As a result, a judge sided with the Board of Health and a new plant was constructed.[12]

Several bridges have been built across Ithan Creek. A concrete tee beam bridge with a length of 27.9 feet (8.5 m) carries Sproul Road over the creek and was built in 1922. A 25.9 feet (7.9 m) bridge of the same type was built in 1930 and carries Conestoga Road over the creek. In 1932, a 40 feet (12 m) concrete arch bridge was constructed that carries Darby Road across Ithan Creek. A concrete slab bridge with a length of 27.9 feet (8.5 m) carries Clyde Road across the creek and was built that same year. Built in 1964, a 27.9 feet (8.5 m) prestressed box beam carries Bryn Mawr Avenue over Ithan Creek. Three years later, two concrete slab bridges were constructed to allow the Mid-County Expressway to cross the creek, both being 29.9 feet (9.1 m) across.[13]

The creek flooded substantially after Tropical Storm Nicole on September 30, 2010. A majority of households surveyed after the storm reported flooding in their basements. As a result, several watershed drainage recommendations were proposed.[9]

Biology

The creek is approved trout waters.[14] Brown trout have been recorded to naturally reproduce in the creek.[1] On the banks of the stream, populations of white-tailed deer are overabundant.[15]

The Ithan-Darby Creek Wetlands is listed on the Delaware County Natural Areas Inventory. It is a "notable significance" site.[15] At the floodplain at the confluence of Ithan Creek and Darby Creek, the main trees species include silver maple, black willow, boxelder, and red maple. In the wetlands at this site, the main tree species include scattered black willow and silver maple. There are also patches of silky dogwood and wild rose, which are surrounded by assorted wetland plants such as herbs, grasses, sedges, and rushes. Monkeyflower, ironweed, joe-pye weed, and mountain mint can sometimes be seen in the wetland, and a variety of invasive species are a concern. Most of the original forest cover has been removed to allow for farming and residential development.[15]

Recreation

Ithan Valley Park is a 19-acre park that is adjacent to the creek. It contains a hiking trail and has fishing opportunities.[16] Radnor Valley Country Club is a golf course that borders the creek. Formerly crossing the creek, it was redesigned in 1968 to run north-south along the creek due to construction of Interstate 476.[17]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Watershed Management, Watershed Restoration Action Strategy (WRAS) State Water Plan Subbasin 03G Darby, Crum, Ridley, Chester and Cobbs Creeks Watersheds (Delaware River Estuary) Delaware, Chester and Philadelphia Counties, pp. 1–2, 6–8, 10, retrieved April 24, 2015
  2. 1 2 United States Geological Survey, The National Map Viewer, retrieved May 8, 2015
  3. 1 2 Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams (PDF), November 2, 2001, p. 86, retrieved May 8, 2015
  4. 1 2 3 Geographic Names Information System, Feature Detail Report for: Ithan Creek, retrieved May 6, 2015
  5. 1 2 Smith, George (1862), History of Delaware County: From the Discovery of the Territory Included Within Its Limit to the Present Time, H.B. Ashmead, p. 404, retrieved April 28, 2015
  6. ↑ Cahill Associates (2002), Darby Creek Watershed Conservation Plan (PDF), Darby Creek Valley Association, pp. 76, 78, 80, retrieved May 6, 2015
  7. ↑ Geological Society of Pennsylvania (1885), Report of Progress 1874-1889, A-Z, p. 27, retrieved July 29, 2015
  8. ↑ Delaware County Planning Department (January 2005), Darby and Cobbs Creek Watershed Act 167 Stormwater Management Plan (PDF), pp. 32, 39, 47, 56, 71, 275, retrieved December 24, 2013
  9. 1 2 Radnor Township (December 2010), Stormwater Management Survey of Radnor Township, Pennsylvania, pp. 14, 20, 21, retrieved May 7, 2015
  10. 1 2 Jordan, John Woolf (1914), A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and Its People, Volume 1, Lewis Historical Publishing Company, pp. 269, 369, retrieved July 28, 2015
  11. ↑ Wiley, Samuel T. (1894), Biographical and Historical Cyclopedia of Delaware County, Pennsylvania: Comprising a Historical Sketch of the County, Gresham Publishing Company, p. 25, retrieved May 20, 2015
  12. ↑ "Wayne Sewerage Company's Suit", Chester Times, December 11, 1911, p. 5, retrieved July 29, 2015
  13. ↑ "Delaware County", Uglybridges.com, retrieved May 11, 2015
  14. ↑ Wolf, Dave (2007), Flyfisher's Guide to Pennsylvania, Wilderness Adventures Press, p. 85, ISBN 9781932098518, retrieved December 9, 2013
  15. 1 2 3 Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (June 2011), A NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA June 2011 (PDF), pp. 9, 13, 15, 38, 42, 71–72, 91, 98, 173–174, 188–189, retrieved April 24, 2015
  16. ↑ Ithan Valley Park, Radnor Township, Pennsylvania, retrieved May 6, 2015
  17. ↑ Gomolka, Gene (August 12, 1972), "Blue Route Changes Face of Radnor Valley", Delaware County Daily Times, p. 14, retrieved July 28, 2015
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