Ivan Caryll

Ivan Caryll

Félix Marie Henri Tilkin[1] (12 May 1861 – 29 November 1921), better known by his pen name Ivan Caryll, was a Belgian composer of operettas and Edwardian musical comedies in the English language. He composed (or contributed to) some forty musical comedies and operettas.

Caryll's career encompassed three eras of the musical theatre, and unlike some of his contemporaries, he adapted readily to each new development. After composing a few musical burlesques, his first great successes were made in light musical comedies, epitomised by the George Edwardes productions at London's Gaiety Theatre, such as The Shop Girl, The Circus Girl, The Gay Parisienne, and A Runaway Girl. He continued to write musical comedies throughout the next decade, including such hits as The Messenger Boy, The Toreador, The Girl From Kays, The Earl and the Girl, The Orchid, The Spring Chicken, The Girls of Gottenberg and Our Miss Gibbs. He also wrote some operetta scores, such as The Duchess of Dantzic. After this, he moved to New York City where his post-war works, incorporating new fox-trot and one-step rhythms, included The Girl Behind the Gun (later a London hit as Kissing Time). At the peak of his career, he had the unparalleled distinction of having five musicals running at the same time in the West End.

Life and career

Caryll was born in Liège, Belgium, the son of Henry Tilkin, an engineer.[2] He studied at the Liège Conservatoire, where he was a fellow student of Eugène Ysaÿe. He then moved to France to study singing at the Paris Conservatoire, where a classmate was Rose Caron.[3] He moved to London in 1882. He was married for a time in the 1890s to Gilbert and Sullivan star Geraldine Ulmar. Later, he married Maud Hill. He had a daughter named Primrose Caryll, who became an actress.

The dashing, moustachioed Caryll was known as one of the best dressed men in London. He was an extravagant spender and a popular and lavish host, entertaining his theatrical friends in princely style. Caryll's free spending ways caused him trouble occasionally, and he had a few narrow escapes from his creditors.[4]

Early career

1897 Poster for The Girl from Paris

At first, Caryll earned a poor living by giving music lessons to women in the suburbs.[3] Then he sold some songs to George Edwardes, who eventually hired him as the musical director for the Gaiety and Lyric Theatres. He attempted to raise orchestral standards by banning the deputy system, under which a player who was offered a lucrative engagement could send a substititute to perform in the theatre.[3]

Caryll's first theatre piece was Lily of Léoville in 1886. He sent the score to Camille Saint-Saëns, who used his influence to have it staged at the Bouffes Parisiens.[3] Violet Melnotte secured the English rights, and it was presented in London featuring a young Hayden Coffin.[5] This was followed the same year by Monte Cristo Jr, a burlesque for the Gaiety and then by a number of shows produced for the Lyric, culminating with the very successful Little Christopher Columbus (1893). Caryll, known as a very expressive conductor, conducted W. S. Gilbert and Alfred Cellier's The Mountebanks at the Lyric in 1892. Cellier died during rehearsals for the piece, and Caryll had to write the overture, the entr'acte, and probably a number or two, though just which contributions are his and which are Cellier's is not clear. Also in 1892, with George Dance, Caryll adapted a comic opera called Ma Mie Rosette, based on a French piece by Paul Lacôme, starring Jessie Bond and Courtice Pounds at the Globe Theatre.[6][7] Caryll recalled of this production that he had been much criticised for adding numbers to Lacome's original score, although Lacome had specially requested him to do so.[3]

Caryll's first big success at the Gaiety was The Shop Girl (1894), which ran for an almost unprecedented 546 performances and heralded a new form of respectable musical comedy in London. The composer conducted the piece himself. Meanwhile, Caryll also had success elsewhere. The Gay Parisienne (1896), written with George Dance, ran for 369 performances at the Duke of York's Theatre, played in New York as The Girl from Paris (281 performances) and toured internationally. At the same time, he continued to compose shows at other theatres, including the comic opera Dandy Dick Whittington (1895), at the Avenue Theatre, with a libretto by George Robert Sims.[8]

Cover of Vocal Score
Programme for The Pink Lady

Caryll composed the music for almost all the Gaiety musical comedies over the next decade, in collaboration with Lionel Monckton, and also established himself as the most famous conductor of light music in England. Edwardes apparently liked to have the word 'girl' in the titles of the shows, so The Shop Girl was followed by My Girl, The Circus Girl (with over 500 performances in 1896 and 1897) and A Runaway Girl (1898). The Lucky Star was a less successful three-act comic opera (1899, produced by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, based on L'Etoile, an opéra-bouffe by Emmanuel Chabrier). It may have been too risqué for the Savoy Theatre audiences.

Caryll was said to compose very quickly in intense bouts. His scores were noted for swirling waltzes and semi-operatic finales. He often took trips to Paris and elsewhere in search of new musical plays that he could adapt into English. Caryll's output also included songs, dances and salon pieces for his own light orchestra, for which Edward Elgar composed his shapely Serenade Lyrique in 1899.[9]

20th century London pieces

After the turn of the century, Caryll wrote more successful scores, including The Messenger Boy (1900), The Toreador (1901) (with well over 600 performances), The Ladies' Paradise (1901) (the first musical comedy to be presented at the Metropolitan Opera in New York),[10] The Girl From Kays (1902), The Cherry Girl (1902), The Earl and the Girl (1903; another success, starring Walter Passmore and Henry Lytton), The Orchid (1903), and The Duchess of Dantzic (1903), a comic opera based on the story of Napoleon and Madame Sans-Gêne, the washerwoman who married Marshal Lefebvre and became a duchess.[11] During the Christmas season of 1903, he had what was at that time the unparalleled distinction of having five musicals running at the same time in the West End.[2]

Despite these successes, Caryll began to grow jealous of Monckton, who often wrote the most popular numbers in the shows.[4] Still, they continued to work together, producing several successes: The Spring Chicken (1905), The New Aladdin (1906), The Girls of Gottenberg (1907), and the even more popular Our Miss Gibbs (1909), which ran for 636 performances. Typical of the plots of these shows, Our Miss Gibbs concerns a shop girl, courted by an earl in disguise. During this period, Caryll also wrote the less successful The Little Cherub (1906).

Many of Caryll's musicals were given in Paris, Vienna, and Budapest at a time when the English-language musicals were largely ignored on the continent, and he composed original scores for Paris (S.A.R., or Son altesse royale, 1908) and Vienna (Die Reise nach Cuba, 1901).[2]

Broadway musicals

Caryll relocated to New York City in 1911, composing more than a dozen Broadway musicals,[12] including The Pink Lady (1911, with Hugh Morton), Oh! Oh! Delphine!!! (1912), Chin-Chin (1914; including "Ragtime Temple Bells"),[13][14] Jack o'Lantern (1917), and The Girl Behind the Gun (1918, with a book by P. G. Wodehouse and Guy Bolton; the following year, it was a hit in London as Kissing Time). According to Wodehouse, Caryll was widely known as "Fabulous Felix", and "lived en prince ... having apartments in both London and Paris as well as a villa containing five bathrooms overlooking the Deauville racecourse."[15] He had just completed the music for Little Miss Raffles a day before his death.

Caryll died in New York at age 60, of a haemorrhage, while rehearsing Little Miss Raffles.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Gänzl, Kurt (2001). "Ivan Caryll". The Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre, Second Edition. Schirmer Books. p. 327. ISBN 0-02-864970-2.
  2. 1 2 3 Gänzl, Kurt, "Caryll, Ivan (1861–1921)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 12 January 2011 (subscription required)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "A Chat with Mr. Ivan Caryll", Musical Opinion and Music Trade Review, August 1897, p. 756
  4. 1 2 "Ivan Caryll" at The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive's British Musical Theatre pages, 24 December 2003, accessed 11 January 2011
  5. ↑ Lily of Leoville at the Guide to Musical Theatre, accessed 29 October 2009
  6. ↑ Moss, Simon. Programmes and descriptions of 1892 productions of Ma Mie Rosette, Gilbert & Sullivan, a selling exhibition of memorabilia, Archive: Other items
  7. ↑ "The Theatres", The Times, 27 December 1892, p. 6
  8. ↑ Adams, William Davenport. A Dictionary of the Drama: a Guide to the Plays, Playwrights, Vol. 1, pp. 374–75, Chatto & Windus, 1904
  9. ↑ Profile of Caryll from Musicweb International
  10. ↑ Lamb, Andrew, "Caryll, Ivan", Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, accessed 12 January 2011 (subscription required); the piece closed quickly and controversially there, with the cast unpaid. See: "The Ladies' Paradise Ends". The New York TImes, 29 September 1901
  11. ↑ Information from the Guide to Musical Theatre
  12. ↑ Brief profile of Caryll at the musicals101 website
  13. ↑ Vocal score of Chin-Chin
  14. ↑ Temple Bells sheet music. The Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music, accessed 2 March 2011
  15. ↑ Wodehouse, p. 103
  16. ↑ "Ivan Caryll Dies as he Finishes Play". New York Times. 30 November 1921. p. 14. Retrieved 2008-08-08.

References

External links

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