John Tuzo Wilson

John ('Jock') Tuzo Wilson
John Tuzo Wilson in 1992
Born	October 24, 1908 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Died	April 15, 1993 (aged 84) Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nationality	Canadian
Fields	Geophysics & Geology
Institutions	University of Toronto
Alma mater	University of Toronto University of Cambridge Princeton University
Doctoral advisor	Harry Hammond Hess
Doctoral students	Harold Williams
Known for	Theory of Plate tectonics
Notable awards	Officer, Order of Canada Companion, Order of Canada Fellow, Royal Society of Canada Fellow, Royal Society of London[1] Fellow, Royal Society of Edinburgh Legion of Merit Order of the British Empire Ewing Medal, AGU Bucher Medal, AGU Penrose Medal, GSA Wegener Medal, EUG Wollaston Medal, Geological Society Vetlesen Prize, Columbia University Canada Centennial Medal 125th Anniversary Medal (Canada) John J. Carty Award (1975)
Notes
[2]

John Tuzo Wilson, CC, OBE, FRS,^[1] FRSC, FRSE (October 24, 1908 – April 15, 1993) was a Canadian geophysicist and geologist who achieved worldwide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of plate tectonics.

Plate tectonics is the idea that the rigid outer layers of the Earth (crust and part of the upper mantle), the lithosphere, are broken up into numerous pieces or "plates" that move independently over the weaker asthenosphere. Wilson maintained that the Hawaiian Islands were created as a tectonic plate (extending across much of the Pacific Ocean) which shifted to the northwest over a fixed hotspot, spawning a long series of volcanoes. He also conceived of the transform fault, a major plate boundary where two plates move past each other horizontally (e.g., the San Andreas Fault). His name was given to two young Canadian submarine volcanoes called the Tuzo Wilson Seamounts.^[3] The Wilson cycle of seabed expansion and contraction (also called the Supercontinent cycle) bears his name.

Birth, education and military

Wilson's father was of Scottish descent and his mother was a third-generation Canadian of French descent. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He became one of the first people in Canada to receive a degree in geophysics, graduating from Trinity College at the University of Toronto in 1930.^[4] He obtained various other related degrees from St. John's College, Cambridge. His academic years culminated in his obtaining a doctorate in geology in 1936 from Princeton University. After completing his studies, Wilson enlisted in the Canadian Army and served in World War II. He retired from the army with the rank of Colonel.

Career and awards

John Tuzo Wilson was President (1957–1960) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). In 1969, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and was promoted to the rank of Companion of that order in 1974.^[5] Wilson was awarded the John J. Carty Award from the National Academy of Sciences in 1975.^[6] In 1978, he was awarded the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London and a Gold Medal by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society.He also served as Honorary Vice President of the RCGS.^[7] He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, of the Royal Society of London and of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.^[8] He was the Principal of Erindale College at the University of Toronto and was the host of the television series The Planet of Man. He was elected President-elect (1978–1980) and President (1980–1982) of the American Geophysical Union. He also served as the Director General of the Ontario Science Centre from 1974 to 1985. He and his plate tectonic theory are commemorated on the grounds outside by the Centre by a giant "immovable" spike indicating the amount of continental drift since Wilson's birth.

The John Tuzo Wilson Medal of the Canadian Geophysical Union recognizes achievements in geophysics. He is also commemorated by a named memorial professorship and an eponymous annual public lecture delivered at the University of Toronto.

Photography

Wilson was an avid traveller and took a large number of photographs during his travels to many destinations, including European countries, parts of the then USSR, China, the southern Pacific, Africa, and to both polar regions. Although, many of his photos are geological, details of rocks and their structures or panoramas of large formations, the bulk of his photos were of the places, activities and people that he saw on his travels: landscapes, city views, monuments, sites, instruments, vehicles, flora and fauna, occupations and people.

Selected publications

• Wilson, Tuzo (July 14, 1962). "Cabot Fault, An Appalachian Equivalent of the San Andreas and Great Glen Faults and some Implications for Continental Displacement". Nature 195 (4837): 135–138. Bibcode:1962Natur.195..135W. doi:10.1038/195135a0.
• Wilson, J. Tuzo (February 9, 1963). "Evidence from Islands on the Spreading of Ocean Floors". Nature 197 (4867): 536–538. Bibcode:1963Natur.197..536W. doi:10.1038/197536a0.
• Wilson, J. Tuzo (69). "A Possible Origin of the Hawaiian Islands" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Physics 41 (6): 863–870. Bibcode:1963CaJPh..41..863W. doi:10.1139/p63-094. Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Wilson, J. Tuzo (July 24, 1965). "A new Class of Faults and their Bearing on Continental Drift". Nature 207 (4995): 343–347. Bibcode:1965Natur.207..343W. doi:10.1038/207343a0.
• Vine, F. J.; Wilson, J. Tuzo (October 22, 1965). "Magnetic Anomalies over a Young Oceanic Ridge off Vancouver Island". Science 150 (3695): 485–9. Bibcode:1965Sci...150..485V. doi:10.1126/science.150.3695.485. PMID 17842754.
• Wilson, J. Tuzo (August 13, 1966). "Did the Atlantic close and then re-open?". Nature 211 (5050): 676–681. Bibcode:1966Natur.211..676W. doi:10.1038/211676a0.
• Wilson, J. Tuzo (1966). "Are the structures of the Caribbean and Scotia arc regions analogous to ice rafting?". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1 (5): 335–338. Bibcode:1966E&PSL...1..335T. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(66)90019-7.
• Wilson, J. Tuzo (December 1968). "A Revolution in Earth Science". Geotimes (Washington DC) 13 (10): 10–16.
• Wilson, J. Tuzo (1971). "Du Toit, Alexander Logie". Dictionary of Scientific Biography 4. pp. 261–263.

See also

• List of geophysicists
• Science and technology in Canada
• Supercontinent cycle

References

1. Garland, G. D. (1995). "John Tuzo Wilson. 24 October 1908-15 April 1993". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 41: 534–526. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1995.0032.
2. "John Tuzo Wilson, a man who moved mountains". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51: xvii. 2014. doi:10.1139/cjes-2013-0175.
3. "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" 22. NRC Research Press. 1985: 1609. ISSN 0008-4077. Retrieved October 14, 2013. |chapter= ignored (help)
4. Eyles, Nick and Andrew Miall, Canada Rocks: The Geologic Journey, Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 2007, p. 38 ISBN 978-1-55041-860-6.
5. "Order of Canada citation". Governor General of Canada.
6. "John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
7. "Gold Medal". Royal Canadian Geographical Society.
8. "John Tuzo Wilson" (PDF). obituary. Royal Society of Edinburgh.

External links

• "J. Tuzo Wilson". GSA Today, Rock Stars. September 2001. Retrieved October 14, 2013.

• "John Tuzo Wilson: a man who moved mountains". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51: xvii–xxxi. January 2014. doi:10.1139/cjes-2013-0175.
• The life of John Tuzo Wilson, history pages, Department of Physics, University of Toronto.
• The Tuzo Wilson Lecture, an annual public lecture given at the University of Toronto.
• The J. Tuzo Wilson Professorship, a named memorial professorship at the University of Toronto.
• Travel Photographs of J. Tuzo Wilson