Jagiellońska street in Bydgoszcz

Jagiellońska street
Bydgoszcz
Ulica Jagiellońska w Bydgoszczy

First buildings on the southern side

Jagiellońska street underlined in red
Former name(s) Weg von Pohl[nische] Vordon - Der Weg von Vordon - Wilhelmstraße - Hermann-Göringstraße - Generalissimusa Stalina
Namesake Jagiellonian Kings of Poland
Owner City of Bydgoszcz
Length 2.2 km (1.4 mi)
Location Bydgoszcz
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jagiellońska Street in Bydgoszcz.

Jagiellońska street is a historic street from downtown dictrict in Bydgoszcz.

Jaggiellonska axis on a copy of Dahlberg map from 1890

Location

The street is located in the heart of Bydgoszcz. It stretches on an east-west axis, from Fordon roundabout to the intersection with Gdańska Street. It is approximately 2.2 km long. Jagiellońska street joins the Old Town and Downtown district of Bydgoszcz.

History

The Jagiellońska street is on the path of a medieval communication route between Bydgoszcz castle and Fordon on the Vistula river: since the mid-13th century, the only permanent crossing of the Brda river was the bridge of Bydgoszcz old town where customs duties were collected. This road was leaving the town from the "Gdansk Gate" and was running eastward following the northern side of the Brda river. In Fordon, it was possible to cross the Vistula river to get to Chełmno Land or follow northeast along the Lower Vistula valley towards Swiecie and Gdańsk.

The course of the road, coinciding with the current street, is visible on the oldest known plan of Bydgoszcz, by Swedish Count Erik Dahlbergh in 1657.[1] In the 17th-18th century, the road has been connected with the farming cities and villages located in the east: Grodztwo, Bartodzieje, Zimna Woda, Bartodzieje Małe and Fordonek.

Jagiellonska street Bydgoszcz 1907

In 1867, the village of Grodztwo has been incorporated to Bydgoszcz territory, pushing further east the limit of the town (in the area of today's Oginski Street). Another extension of the borders occurred in 1920, reaching current city borders: the ancient medieval path is now covered by Jagiellońska and Fordonska streets course.[2] During the interwar period, Jagiellońska street ended on Maximilian Piotrowski street, the eastern remaining path being called "Promenade street".

The development of Jagiellońska street as an important and chic area started in the 1830s, with the construction of grand edifices like the construction by Prussian administrative authorities of the building of the Regional Office ("Budynek Urzędu Wojewódzkiego"). Later on, Grodztwo section gradually became an official area, with administrative, educational and cultural activities. In 1840, the axis so far called "road to Fordon" ((German) "Der Weg von Vordon") has been named Wilhelmstrasse in honor of the King Frederick William IV of Prussia. In 1870-1872, with the construction of a new steel bridge on the Brda river, the Bernardyńska street was created, joining Jagiellońska and the river.

Jagiellonska street Bydgoszcz 1910

In the second half of the 19th century a number of official buildings have been erected along the street, such as:

At the same period, on the eastern limit of Bydgoszcz, hence in the vicinity of Jagiellońska street, other urban edifices have been erected:

University Bridge with downtown in the background

Some buildings have been designed by famous architects of their time, like Bydgoszcz-born Józef Święcicki or Heinrich Seeling from Berlin.

After World War II, the increasing traffic along the axis has required to enlarge the street. Between 1969 and 1973, prolonging this avenue led to the creation of Fordońska street to the east, improving traffic conditions in this area of Bydgoszcz. In 1974, the completion of the streets modernization also allowed Jagiellońska and Focha Streets to have a dual carriageway with a middle track for trams, in addition Jagiellonska roundabout was built with an underground passage for pedestrians.[3]

Very recently, in 2013, the University Bridge has been achieved, allowing to drive over Jagiellonska street and to cross the Brda river on a north-south axis.

Naming

Jagiellońska Street bore the following names:[4]

Means of communication

First tram tracks on Jagiellońska street was built in 1901, at the creation of the third electric tram line (line "C" blue), from Wilczak to Skrzetusko. In 1904, the line was extended eastward to Bartodzieje, as the longest tram line (5.4 km) in the city.[5] Between 1972 and 1974, in connection with the expansion of Jagiellońska street, the single-track line was converted into a two-way one.[6]

Currently on the street. Jagiellonian run the following tram lines:

Architecture

Jagiellońska Street is one of the most important and most representative streets of Bydgoszcz. Buildings standing in the Old Town section of the street, from Gdańska Street to Jagiellońska roundabout, date back to the Prussian era. Main historical buildings from this period include the building of the Regional Office, the Main Post Office, the National Bank of Poland seat in Bydgoszcz.

The Church of the Poor Clares displays Gothic and Renaissance features.

The eastern section (from Jagiellońska roundabout to Fordon) possesses less historic buildings and more international style buildings from 1945 and after. The most numerous buildings represent the end of 19th-beginning of 20th century and the modern period.

Main places and buildings

Poor Clares' Church

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list N°601229-Reg.A/209 (March 31, 1931).[7]

Corner of Gdanska and Jagiellońska St.

1582-1645

Polish Gothic architecture - Polish Renaissance

Drukarnia shopping mall

Jagiellońska 1

2006-2007

Functionalism

Panorama with Poor Clares' Church (left), Drukarnia mall (center) and part of Regional Office building (right)

"Savoy" Building

Corner Theatre Sq.6-Jagiellońska 2

1913

Modernism

This tenement stands at the corner of Jagiellońska Street and Theatre Square. From 1789 to 1800, on the place were a storehouse and stable. In 1853, a new building was erected, which survived until 1912. This year, a new edifice has been built by Rudolf Kern following a design of architect Heinrich Gross: the client was Otto Pfefferkorn, owner of a successful furniture factory[8] and a tenement in Gdanska street. Minor works have been performed in 1922-1923. In 1940, arcades designed by Jan Kossowski have been added at ground level at the request of the Nazi authorities: the project comprised also the opposite building with the same features.

The address has housed for a long time the Alliance Française offices of Bydgoszcz. Today, the place is famous for the night club "Savoy" that occupies a whole floor.[9]

Regional Office Building

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list N°601346-Reg.A/871 z 29.10.1956 i z 20.10.1959 (October 29, 1956 and October 10, 1959).[10]

Jagiellońska 3

1834-1836

Neoclassical architecture

History

The oldest buildings of the Regional Office was built between 1834 and 1836 as the seat of a Prussian region ((Polish) Rejencja), an administrative unit established in 1815 within the Grand Duchy of Posen. Before its construction, officials of the Netze District have been meeting in a 1778-building on the Old Market Square (now the Provincial and Municipal Public Library). The development of the institutions required a new administrative building.[11] The foundation stone of the building was laid on June 8, 1834. The construction was carried out in two years two years under the supervision of Carl Adler, advised by Karl Friedrich Schinkel working in Berlin. Construction manager was Friedrich Obuch, a Bydgoszcz regency councilor.[12]

In the years 1863-1864, the building was extended by two small avant-corps on each side. In 1898-1900, the edifice was partially reconstructed and added four wing in the corners, under the supervision of Mr Busse, a national project building inspector.[13] Originally in the basement were housing and laundry services, the lithography facility and the fuel storage. On the ground floor were set bureaus, offices, the cadastre district department and the finance branch. On the first floor, in addition to the presidential salon, there were a reading room, a library and a conference room. School, tax and forestry departments were housed on the second floor and in the attic.[12]

When Bydgoszcz joined back Polish territory in 1920, Prussian administration was liquidated, the now disused building housed, among others, the Regional Directorate of State Forests, the Accounting Chamber of Control of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs, the Regional Tax Office, the county School Inspectorate and the Inspectorate of Labour. In 1938, Bydgoszcz city became the capital of Pomeranian Voivodeship and the building housed its administrative services. During the Nazi occupation, German authorities reactivated Bydgoszcz "Rejencja" within the District of Gdańsk-West Prussia and used the edifice accordingly.

After the liberation of Bydgoszcz in March 1945, the building was constantly the provincial seat of the Polish authorities. From 1945 to 1950, it housed the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship, between 1950 and 1975 the Provincial Bureau of National Council, from 1975 to 1998 the Provincial Office and the Local assembly of the Bydgoszcz Province. Since the Administrative reform of 1999, it is the seat of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. In the 1960s, the construction has been expanded with side-buildings, connected by a pedestrian covered bridge:[13]

Architecture

The building was erected on the plan of an elongated rectangle, with four wings at the corners. The oldest, central body displays of Neoclassical characteristics, later avant-corps and wings present eclectic features.[13]

The building has a symmetrical shape. It comprises a basement, two-storey with an attic covered with gable roofs. The front part main entrance is incorporated into a slight avant-corps. The ground floor is decorated with bossage, and the front elevation is crowned with an advanced profiled cornice, supported by a range of corbels.[14]

The interior has preserved the original layout of the rooms. The staircase is to be noticed, with its openwork balustrade. In the north east wing, the ground floor still possess Tuscan marble columns from the time of construction.[12]

Before the main edifice stands:

Panoramic view of the old building, with the stone memorial and the two ailanthus tress

Emil Werckmeister tenement

Jagiellońska 4

1910-1912

Eclecticism in architecture, Neo-Mannerism, Neo-Baroque

The building was erected from 1910 to 1912 on the site of demolished granaries where was housed since 1907 the winery "Werckmeister".[16] Emil Werkmeister commissioned architect Heinrich Seeling from Berlin to realize the project.[17] In 1920, the building was purchased by Bydgoszcz's "Municipal Savings Bank" (Komunalną Kasę Oszczędności), which performed internal modernization works.[17] In 1938, the building was expanded with enlarged wings and outbuildings designed by Jan Kossowski, creating a single, closed bank complex.[17] Today, the ground floor houses the local seat of Millennium Bank while upper levels are privately owned.

The tenement presents eclectic forms, with Neo-Mannerism and Neo-Baroque elements.[14] It has a Mansard roof and an attic. In the corner with Pocztowa street stands a two-storey bay window topped by a tented roof onion with a spire.[14] Facades are decorated with rich architectural details like friezes between floors or cornices.[14] The bay window is adorned with a graphic solar motif, often used by Heinrich Seeling in his other projects.[17] The same motif is also visible in other parts of the facade (gables, friezes under the windows).

Main Post office

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list N°601347-Reg.A/749 (December 15, 1971).[7]

Jagiellońska 6

1883-1899

Neo-Gothic

History

The existence of royal mail institutions royal in Bydgoszcz dates back to the first half of 18th century, as confirmed by postal statutes of the Crown General Post in 1733, 1754 and 1766[18] In 1751, the post office in Bydgoszcz was in a bourgeois building on the corner of Niedźwiedzia and Stefan Batory Streets near the Old Marketplace. After the First Partition of Poland, the post office moved to a building in current Długa street.[18] The Bydgoszcz mail office has been planned to migrate from the streets adjacent to the Old Market to the other side of the Brda river, on a land belonging primarily to the military, where a complex of barracks and royal stables,[18] have been built in September 1773. The casern was billeting the city stationed squadron of the 7th Hussars regiment led by General Paweł Józef Małachowski. Initially a massive one-storey building, it was later on expanded with further floors and a number of other buildings associated with needs of the army (barracks, stables, coach house). Since the end of the XVIIIth century, a mail office has been standing in the complex.[18]

In 1815 Prussian authorities assigned the former stables to the needs of Royal Prussian Post Office Directorate in Bydgoszcz. The new post office was then located in the corner of the streets Jagiellońska and Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. The ensemble had not yet a representative character, but it was sufficient for the needs of the mail Directorate. The former stables of the 7thHussars regiment, unused, were demolished in 1896.[18] Gottfried Groschke, longtime director (1815-1847), had been designated in 1840 "Honorary Citizen of Bromberg: under his rule, post office staff doubled, and in the mid-19th century postal stations in the district were supported by 145 postillions looking after more than 400 horses, regular connections (by stagecoach and postal vans) linking Bromberg with, among others, Torun, Gdańsk, Poznan, Inowrocław, Berlin and Konigsberg.[19]

Upon the establishment of a Higher Directorate of Post in Bydgoszcz, the initial edifice on Jagiellońska street could no longer fully meet the needs of a new, enlarged administration coordinating the mail work in the city and throughout the Bydgoszcz region: there was a real need to get a building that could manage both activities, mail and telegraphy. By the end of the 1850s, on-site stables and coach houses were built according to the design of building inspector Bannenschmidt. The construction standing in the corner of Jagiellońska and Pocztowa streets displayed Neo-Classicist features. In 1859, the post office also housed the activities of the Municipal Central Tax Office ((German) Hauptsteueramt).[18] The new post office building consisted of two wings: a massive body on Jagiellońska street and lower wing along Pocztowa street. The ensemble, only seat of Bydgoszcz mail, was demolished in 1896.[18]

After 1871's victory during Franco-Prussian War and the improved financial condition of Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian authorities decided to expand the mail institution network across the country. In this context, it has been planned to erect a new building designed for offices, mail and telegraph on a plot along the Brda river, still property of the military administration: in 1870s, an old guardhouse had been liquidated, but other buildings were still standing, like a residential and wattle and daub fire station. In 1879, the area was purchased to construct the new post edifice, which was unveiled on September 1, 1885. Plans and drawings were the work of several authors, including Mr Boettger, government building master. The archirectural design was dictated by Prussian parliament rules (e.g. Neo-Gothic bricks - considered as Prussian national style, use of rooms and courtyards, height of premises over 4 m, etc.).[18] Clinker bricks for the construction have been brought from Malbork's Brick and Ceramic Factory. On the first floor were the telegraph machinery, the telephone room and the battery storage. The wing along the Brda river were dedicated for housing allowances for postal workers. The main entrance to the courtyard stood on river side, the ornated gate still exists today.[18]

After 10 years of activity of the post office building, a need appears for a new one dedicated entirely to the Imperial Directorate of Posts, with its constantly expanding amount of offices works (mail, telegraph and phone), and a multitude of civil servants. Another plot was acquired, with land and buildings between Jagiellońska and Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki streets, belonging to the Customs Office. After demolition of classicist building, construction of the new edifice started in 1896, according to the design of a team of architects led by Kleinfeldt and L. Neumann from Konigsberg.[18] Building progress was overseen by inspector Wolff, on behalf of postal officials Döhring and Schwerkotting. The building has been completed in 1900, the masonry work has been mainly led by Bydgoszcz master bricklayer Paul Bohm from Bydgoszcz, and the joinery by A. Busse from Eberswalde.[18] The building is realized in the Neo-Gothic style, referring to the office building of Post and Telegraph facing Brda riverside. The premises were thus contained between four streets: Jagiellońska, Drucki-Lubecki, Poczrowa and Stary Port (along the Brda river).[18] The postal building ensemble has survived with its 1899 form almost unchanged to this day with its original windows and doors, its massive frame structures in the hallways, the cross vaulted corridors and staircases, the original metal railings and some ceramic floors. Only interior spaces have been transformed to fit a modern and functional activity. The building continues to serve as the Main Post Office of Bydgoszcz.[18]

Architecture

Main Post Office buildings complex is built in the so-called "Prussian national style", which was in force in the last decades of the XIXth century, and required for every new official buildings in the German Empire. It alludes to the North German Neo-Gothic style, which, however, also refers to other styles such as Italian and German Neo-Renaissance, Neo-Romanesque, Round-arch style (invoking the Romanesque and Byzantine architecture) and Spitzbogenstil (with scrolling Dutch and Gothic elements).[18]

Old building on Brda riverside

The building is brick-made, with one storey, an attic and a basement.[14] It has two wings with slight avant-corps: one is parallel to the river, the other one covers half the length of Pocztowa street. The pentagonal tower in the courtyard shelters a staircase.[14] The bare briked facades are, in places, supplemented with greenish or maroon glazed ones, displaying a more decorative nature. Glazed details draw attention to the regular friezes, pinnacles, traceries on the one hand and the geometric pattern thread embedded in the wall on the other hand.The richness of ceramics detail, wrought iron decorative elements are also remarkable.[14]

The facades on the riverside present biforium and triforium windows. Acute overhead arch windows are decorated with an alternating arrangement of red and glazed bricks. Horizontal divisions are set by a brick cornice cordons. On Pocztowa street, massive triforium windows are used on the ground floor and biforium ones on the first floor. Corner decorative portal topped with triangular pinnacle gables display a clock on both sides of which are placed original ceramic coats of arms (with mail and telegraph symbols). The roof exposes densely ornate dormers made up of profiled planks.[14] The view of the rear façade is alike the front but in a more simplified and devoid of color friezes or glazed details.[14] The passage of time, acts of war and inappropriate reconstruction work resulted in the loss of part of the decoration on the facades of the building. In the corner is preserved a surviving metal frame structure where was mounted the cable network of telegraph and telephone, topped with an ornate flèche from the date of construction of the facility "1885".[14]

Building on Jagiellońska street

This building has a "U" shape with a massive body giving onto Jagiellońska street, and a high tower in the north-western corner. This younger edifice is bigger and taller than the building on the riverside. The transition from the old to the new happens at half the length of Pocztowa street. The construction has three-storey, with an attic and a basement. Prominent avant-corps are noticeable from Jagiellońska street, lowerones are present on Pocztowa's facade. The ensemble is covered by a gable roof with embedded dormers.[14] The decoration of the facade is simplified in comparaison with the older building, but the same decorative repertoire is partly repeated. It uses wimpergs, pinnacles, pointed arches, arched windows and portals, along with a diverse combination of brick traceries, iron rose window and color friezes with rhythmically repetitive arrangements of red and green glazed bricks.[14]

Panorama on riverside facade (the oldest building)

National Bank of Poland (NBP) building

Jagiellońska 8

1863

Neo-Renaissance

History

The building was erected in 1863-1864 for Bromberg's branch of Reichsbank in Berlin. It was the first public bank in the Kingdom of Prussia, founded on June 17, 1765 by Frederick the Great.[20] The first building designed in Bydgoszcz as a first outpost of the Reichbank was located at Długa street 52.[20] In August 1863, the construction of a new bank building started at Jagiellońska street 8, opposite the seat of the Prussian region. Site plans were designed by architect Hermann Cuno: he built a three-storey edifice (dimensions 20x12m), with high storeys. The construction was completed in September 1864.[20] Aside bank premises were set habitation buildings for officials. On the ground floor were the operating room, the bank vault, and an anterrom with a connection to the hall. In the anteroom the money was packaged and collected daily by the treasurer. In the western part of the building was located a conference room, and a stairwell. On the first floor there was a flat for the bank manager consisting of 6 rooms, with a kitchen and chambers for domestic. The second floor housed the apartment of two other officials.[20] Particular care was placed on building the vault, with all security measures available at the time such as reinforced walls, ceiling, windows and doors. The apartment located next to the vault was equipped with a contraption to record noises.[20] From 1875 on, the building housed a branch of the Royal Bank first, which then took the name of Reichsbank as the central German issuing bank.[20] In 1911-1912, the architect Otto Muller built an additional wing on the east, with two floors, to function as a residential house.[20]

During Second Polish Republic, the Bydgoszcz branch of the National Bank was one of the major centers in the country, making Bydgoszcz one of the most important focus of Polish banking network.[21] At the end of 1916, was set up in Warsaw the "Polish National Fund for Loan" which worked to relieve the Reichsbank by issuing Polish Marks and reduce the circulation of Deutsche Mark in the governorship of Warsaw. On November 11, 1918, the institution passed into the hands of Polish authorities, who declared it on December 7 as the Polish state banking institution. On January 26, 1920, the former Reichsbank branch in Bydgoszcz had Tadeusz Piłatowskim, as its first director.[21] In 1924, the "Polish National Fund for Loan" has been replaced by the Polish Bank SA ((Polish) Bank Polski Spółka Akcyjna). In August 1923, the bank building was expanded along Jagiellońska street on a design by Zdzislaw Mączeński from Warsaw.[20] The new hall communicated with the old building through a newly built corridor stretching parallel to Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki street. The work was completed by December 15, 1924. The new Palladian architecture features have been well matched to the original building in a successful architectural fusion.[20]

During World War II, Polish Bank activities have been interrupted. Initially, gold reserve was evacuated to Paris and then to London, where he remained until the end of the war. In Bydgoszcz, the building housed a branch of Reichsbank, which was evacuated in January 1945 to Germany.[21]

On January 15, 1945, in place of the "Polish Bank SA" -liquidated- was established the National Bank of Poland (NBP), which Bydgoszcz branch had its seat in the building at Jagiellońska street 8. An updgrade of the facility happened in the years 1964-1967, with renovations of the interiors.[21] After the reform of banking carried out in 1989, the National Bank of Poland, while retaining the role of a Central bank, opened the market for Commercial banking.[21] Since 1999 and the large Polish administrative reform, the building houses the Regional Branch of the NBP for Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. In 1997-1999 and 2001-2003, comprehensive renovations of both the interior and the facade have been carried out, restoring architectural details dating back to 1920.[21]

Architecture

The complex of buildings of NBP in Bydgoszcz has Neo-Renaissance features. It has bossage points on the ground floor. The main portal is decorated with pilasters, and the whole building is topped with a wide frieze and a cornice with classicist and Renaissance details. The interior is decorated with frescoes. The style of the building refers to Italian Renaissance palaces characteristics.[20]

Building at Jagiellońska street 9

Jagiellońska 9

1872

Neoclassical architecture

The building was erected in 1872 on a design by architect Müller to house the civic school for boys ((German) Bürgerschule). The school was located in the former Bydgoszcz's Carmelites monastery. It was an elite folk school, with a 9 years cycle, and pupils usually belonged to wealthy high society, rich enough to pay the high tuition fees.[22] In 1884, the Bügerschule moved to a building in Stanisław Konarski street, where is located today the Bydgoszcz School of Fine Arts.[4] In the 1990s, the building housed the Foreign Language Teacher Training College, which then moved to a building in Dworcowa Street. Since 2010, the seat of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Centre for Education and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Marshal's Office in Bydgoszcz are located there.

The building has got historicism features, with a predominant Neoclassical architecture form. It has a "L" shape, with a prominent avant-corps in the middle of its frontage, with two storey, an attic and a basement. The entrance double portal is topped with a triangular pediment and a tympanum in which is placed a circular ornament. The facade is divided by horizontal cornices and a wide frieze on its top. The ground floor is decorated with bossage.[14]

Building at Jagiellońska street 10

Jagiellońska 10

1862-1866

Eclecticism

This house from the 2nd half of the 19th century houses since the beginning of the 20th century the "Chamber of Craft" ((Polish) Izba Rzemiosła) for Bromberg city at its inception, today it gathers crafts from the whole Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The building also houses the local seat of Polish Weigh and Measure office.

The building has undergone serious architectural changes after WWII and the restorations that followed: loss of facades balconies and eclipse of the gable and roof pilasters. In 2003, a frontage renovation brought back Art nouveau colorful floral ornaments.

Medical College Building

Jagiellońska 13

1850-1852

Functionalism

History

The building was erected between 1850 and 1852, as Bromberg hospital garrison. It was located then at the crossroads of Street Jagiellońska ((German) Wilhelmstrasse) and Mayth 3 ((German) Hempelstrasse). The latter was marked with a wall of brick, whereas the former had a fence with iron wrought bars with a gate and a wicket.[23] The main building, "U"-shaped, was a monumental edifice of brick facades, with a three-storey body, flanked by 2 avant-corps in its corners: they were higher than the facade and topped with battlements, like medieval towers. Originally the building had a symmetrical facade along a two-storey avant-corps topped with battlements, where was located the main entrance,[23] and three extra barracks for the sick. Additional elements were built regularly until 1910:

In 1919, with Bydgoszcz city rejoining the Polish territory, the Second Polish Republic took over the hospital from the Prussian military authorities. The size of Bydgoszcz garrison and the proximity with the fighting area of Polish–Soviet War increased significantly the activity of the hospital: in 1920, under the command of Poznan General District, the medical capacity of the institution reached the maximum amount of 1,140 beds.[23] After the conflict, and following several territorial re-organisations of the polish armed forces, the number of hospitalized patients steadily decreased. In 1922, Bydgoszcz Regional Hospital housed 320 beds, in 1923 300 beds and in 1924-1925, 200 beds.[23] In 1928, Torun military authorities decided to stop the activity of Bydgoszcz hospital, which had only 100 beds left, keeping the District Hospital in Torun. In this way, Bydgoszcz remained till 1939 without Military medical Department.[23]

During Nazi occupation, the building has been used as a German military hospital.[23]

After the liberation of Bydgoszcz, from January 26 to February 10, 1945, hospital buildings accommodated a Mobile Field Surgical Hospital of the Polish Army. In 1948, once the hospital has been disbanded, a huge renovation occurred: expansion of main building, demolition without the knowledge and consent of the military authorities of five buildings. The renovated complex housed the Provincial Council of Polish Communist Party[23] till the end of the communist era. In 1990, the edifice became the property of the Regional Treasure Department:[23] at that time, several buildings passed to the ownership of "Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz", which have located there offices of the rector, two deaneries, college administrators, some classrooms, a cafeteria and an additional dormitory.[24] Around 2000, with Tax and Revenue office leaving the premises, the whole building fell under the responsibility of the University.

Architecture

From the former buildings of the garrison hospital, only the "U" shaped footprint is left. It was initially constructed in the style of historicism, using forms of Neo-Romanesque. Its appearance resembled a fortress, but these stylistic features have been lost during the complex reconstruction carried out in 1947-1948,[23] which also wiped away the avant-corps, changed the size and shape of the windows, added a fourth floor and extended the gable to the whole edifice.

Bank Pocztowy Building

Jagiellońska 17

1968

Functionalism

The building was constructed on a design of architect Henry Micuły. In the vicinity stood buildings from 1817: a Prussian warehouse for spare parts and the arsenal, destroyed by an explosion.[25] Since 1990, it houses the national seat of "Bank Pocztowy", whose shareholders are the Polish Post (75%) and PKO BP (25%).

Citibank Building

Jagiellońska 21

1991-1992

Functionalism

The building houses Bydgoszcz branch of "Bank Handlowy in Warsaw, now Citibank. It was designed by Kurt Roessling from Steckel & Roggel Baugesselschaft company.[26]

Youth Palace

Jagiellońska 27

1970-1974

Functionalism

Palace of Youth construction is an initiative of the civil society of Bydgoszcz in 1969. At the time the project was called Social Committee for the Construction Youth Culture, Technology and Sport ((Polish) Społeczny Komitet Budowy Młodzieżowego Domu Kultury, Techniki i Sportu).[27] Architects were Z. Lipski, J. Sadowski and J. Wujek, supported by Engineer Bernard Majchrzak.[13] The construction began on July 20, 1969,.[28] and lasted 6 years: alongside building companies, young people ad pupils also participated to the project reusing bricks coming from on- site ruined 19th century Prussian warehouse Offices. The 6000 m2 facility was officially inaugurated on July 22, 1974.,[27] its first director being Dorothy Kempka.[28] The complex took the name of "Youth palace-Jan Krasicki" ((Polish)Pałac Młodzieży im. Janka Krasickiego), a youth activist and member of the Polish Workers' Party (1919-1943), from 1977 to 1990. In 2009, the building has undergone a refreshing of its facade. In 2015, discussions started to plan a major renovation of the facility.[29]

In the Palace of Youth, particular attention has been paid from the beginning to the standard of its equipment and the selection of experienced staff. This characterics has led to the rapid development of various forms of work with young people.[27] From the first days on, the Palace established a number of laboratories and specialized sections (art, technics, sport, science, clubs), explaining the success of the institution: during its first year (1974-1975), it welcomed 2800 young participants in 3 departments (Song and Dance, Sports and Mass Event). In the following years, within the five departments, 4000 chidren took part to the activities.[28] Regularly, the sections are redefined to be in line with the interests of the young audience.[27] In the 1970s, the Palace became the coordinating point of youth events in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship.[27] In 1977 the facility organized and housed the first international festival Bydgoszcz Musical Impressions ((Polish) Bydgoskie Impresje Muzyczne), with teams from the Eastern Bloc, France and Sweden. Soon this event has found a permanent place in the calendar of Festivals in Bydgoszcz, while the Youth Palace received numerous awards, diplomas and awards for it.[27] "Bydgoszcz Musical Impressions" is still active today.[30]

Since its inception the Youth Palace operates in the building at Jagiellońska Street 27. The area of the building is 7600 m2 distributed among three floors with the following equipments:

Since 1974, the institution manages a Watersport Club "Copernicus" located on the Brda river[27] and since 2006 a Rowing Club[31]

Before the building is growing a catalpa tree, with a circumference of 135 cm, recognized as Bydgoszcz Natural Monuments.[32]

Panorama with Bank Pocztowy Building (left), Citibank Building (middle) and Youth Palace (right)

Ludowy Park

6,42 ha

1953

The park is located between the streets Jagiellońska, Piotrowski and Markwart, on a 250 by 275 m area mainly lying in the back of the Youth Palace. It was named in memoriam of Wincenty Witos.

Ludowy Park ("People's Park") was founded at the place of an ancient cemetery,[33] dating back to 1778, the oldest and largest in the city.[34] In 1838 was built a house for the administrator, with a separate room for the morgue. In 1884, a cemetery was erected and in 1898 a massive brick fence, which survived after the liquidation of the cemetery.[34] Entrance was made through two wrought iron gates on and two on Markwart street, leading to the chapel located in the middle of the graveyard. A large square with outgoing path, like spokes, divided the cemetery into quarters. A lot of different trees were growing there: oak, chestnut, European beech, downy oak, sessile oak, oak red, locust, birch, lime, common spruce, prickly spruce and white spruce, and near the house were 10 Catalpa bignonioides.[33] In 1938, 66 species of trees and shrubs were growing in the cemetery where a majority of German tombs could be found.[33]

After Bydgoszcz's liberation in 1945, the old cemetery was closed and transferred to the Lutheran cemetery in Zaświat Street.[34] The liquidation of the ancient graveyard was carried out in 1951-1952, the last bone exhumation to Zaświat street was held in 1956.[33] Many tombstones have been destroyed during the liquidation, along with sculptures, reliefs and catacombs. It has been the case for some famous people's tombstones:

Once the cemetery liquidated, a city park, named "People's Park" (Ludowy park), has been set up on the very place, using part of the remaining elements of the gone necropolis.

In 1956, a concert shell has been erected with a capacity of 5000 people. This building replaced the amphitheatre erected in 1946 in Park Casimir the Great.[35] In addition to the concert shell, three blocks of flats on the western edge of the park, and pavilions in the east were constructed. In 1974, at the southern edge of the park has been built the "Youth Palace".[34] On June 3, 1984, at the initiative of People's Party, the park has been given the name of Wincenty Witos: his bust has been realised by Witold Marciniak and funded by Bydgoszcz Voivodeship's Polish People's Party. Between the monument and the concert shell, a round pool with a gushing summer fountain has been built.[34] In 2007 have been performed a renovation of parkways, concert shell and park greenery. On April 24, 2007, a black granite obelisk commemorating the existence of the old cemetery has been unveiled in the south-east corner of the park, bearing the inscription:

"In Binding Memory of the former Protestant cemetery.
City of Bydgoszcz
Lutheran Parish of Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz 2007"

House at N°30

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list N°601348-Reg.A/853/1-2 (December 27, 1995).[7]

Jagiellońska 30

1895-1896, by Józef Święcicki[36]

Eclecticism

The tenement has been built for a restaurateur, Franz Bauer,[37] who had his activity in then "Wilhemstrasse 49" until 1910, when he sold it to Rober Neuman,[38] another restaurateur. This catering business is still present today with a Chinese restaurant at this address.[39]

Park "Władysław II Jagiełło"

0,5 ha

1844

The park is delimited by streets Jagiellońska and Uroczą, and by the Brda river to the south. Its current area is only 50x100m, reduced by the presence of a post war building "Dom Technika NOT". The park has been founded in 1844, with an area of 0.7 ha. Its original name was "Town Park" ((German) Stadt Park).[33] The main entrance was from Jagiellońska street, and comprised a garden with a large lawn adjacent to the Brda river. In the early 20th century, the park has been separated from the river by low buildings.[33]

A general reconstruction took place in 1929-1930 when the park was renamed after Władysław II Jagiełło: a granite fence and a rose flowered trellis were built along Jagiellońska street, a second entrance was created on Uroczą street.[33] The main attraction of the area was a large fountain with a paddling pool. In 1939, the foliage on Jagiellońska street was so dense that one could not see the center of the park from the street.[33] Just before the outbreak of World War II, 45 species of trees and shrubs were growing in the park.[33] In 1972-1974, in the southern part of the area was built "Bydgoszcz House of Technology NOT" by architect Stefan Klajbor,[40] and in the eastern part, from 1973 to 1975, have been erected offices. The remaining plot is used as a square, in the middle of which was a fountain, which served as an open pool: today it is a flowered area. Sculptures also adorns the garden.[41]

Robert Aron Tenement

Jagiellońska 36

1893-1894

Neo-renaissance & Mannerism

This residential building was completed for Robert Aron, a merchant and manufacturer engaged in the production and sale of construction materials. It was realized by the architect Joseph Święcicki. At the time, the address was "Wilhemstrasse 45, Bromberg".[42] The Aron's shop has been active till the start of WWII.[43] The building has a mansard roof, and initially it housed two 7-room apartments.[44]

Gasworks building

Jagiellońska 42

1859

Historicism

Gasworks company of Bydgoszcz is one of the oldest in Poland. The building has been built in 1859, on a selected area of the Brda river, and has been placed into active service on October 1, 1860.[45] The choice of the location was done so that it was possible to bring coal by waterways from the Vistula River or the Bydgoszcz Canal. The power plant was located on the former eastern outskirts of the city. The gas was produced by the combustion of coal, hence its name Coal gas, or "town gas". During the first 20 years of its existence, gasworks produced exclusively for street lighting:[46] in 1860, 285 gas lighting appeared in Bydgoszcz city, replacing kerosene lamps, and illuminating most important places (offices, hotels). In 1910, 1488 lamp posts were using "town gas", with an automatic switch-on system running since 1900. From 1880 on, coal gas has been provided also to households and industry,[47] and in 1909, 10,065 units were already installed. Gasplant initially covering an area of 0.8 ha grew up to 7.4 ha after WWI. Production of gas used coal from Upper Silesia and England and to ease transportation, a railway has been built in 1890, along today's Oginskiego street, and joining the main network in the vicinity of Artyleryska street. Within the year 1909, 1219 wagons loaded with 17500t of coal entered the gasplant through the railway.[45] In 1881, the first renovation of the gasworks has been carried out, as it happened regularly in following years. In 1905, with the construction of five furnaces has been built an administrative building, designed by architect Carl Meyer.[46] In 1908, he created a device for the production of synthetic gas.[45] During the 1920s, without any new investment, the economic crisis pushed the gasworks activity to slow down.

In 1925, with a Polish team managed by engineer Bronislaw Klimczak, the gasworks experienced a serious renovation, with the installation of several equipements:

Business began to improve in 1936-1939, with the construction of a new gas pipeline. During interwar, the gasworks had a shop at Ferdinand Foch street 5, and a showroom in the administrative building, where were held, inter alia, lectures and cooking demonstrations related to gas. Just before the outbreak of World War II company employed 150 people.[46] In 1920, gas production was 3.7 million m3, it grew up to 6.3 million m3 in 1938. Bydgoszcz gasworks was the largest in the Pomerania, and the 6th biggest plant of the Second Polish Republic.[45]

In September 1939, the gasworks has been taken over by nazi authorities and incorporated into the new Urban Department ((German) Stadtwerke Bromberg), together with tram system, water supply, power plant and brickyards. In 1943, German engineers launched a third furnace and rebuilt two vertically-chamber system furnaces, "Didier", with a total capacity of 22000 m3 of gas per day.[46] During the retreat, the majority of the facility and gas equipment have been destroyed.

Immediately after the liberation, starting from January 1945 was launched the reparation of the gasworks, allowing gas production to resume to the city in February. With city population growth and industrial development, the demand for gas increased.[46] At the same time Bydgoszcz began to move away from gas street lighting: the last town gas lamps have been removed at the beginning of the 1970s.[45] In 1951, the complex evolved into "Bydgoszcz District Gas Plant".[46] The plant gradually widened and modernized.[45] In the years 1950s, authorities recognized that the capacity of expansion of the gas complex along Jagiellońska street were pretty limited, with regards to the urban development. As such, in 1955[48] has been decided to build a new gasplant in the eastern industrial district. Work started at Witebska street from 1962 to 1967, creating a first production capacity of about 100 000 m3: the new gas plant has been launched on September 30, 1967, and in 1973 the complex at Jagiellońska has been put out of service. The buildings, including the chimney, were demolished.[45] At the end of the 1960s, a new gas distribution network has been built to connect the new plant to the different districts of the city. One of the first major pipelines ran from Sporna street to Wladyslaw Bełzy street along Toruńska street, with a length of about 4 km.[46] From 1973 on, natural gas has been mainly used, pushing to expand the gas distribution network to newly built settlements in Bydgoszcz.[46] Since September 24, 1990, only natural gas is supplied to customers, using pipelines from Grudziadz and Gniewkowo. Between 1987 and 1992 a complete replacement of the gas network in specific areas of the city has been carried out.[46] Bydgoszcz gas company employs today 452 workers.[46]

Since January 2000, Gasworks of Bydgoszcz functions as a branch of Polish Oil and Gas Company. In 2003, the plant became a branch of "Pomeranian Gas Company Sp. zoo", covering Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and Chojnice, Czersk, Człuchów from Pomeranian Voivodeship.[12] In 2007, the company has been transformed into a Distribution network operator.

City Slaughterhouse

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list N°601351-Reg.A/505/1-6 (April 23, 1998).[7]

Jagiellońska 41-47

1890-1910

Historicism

The plant was located in the former eastern outskirts of the city, near the Gasworks orks. Both companies have been using the 1892 rail track section, which ran along today's Oginski street. The complex comprises four historic buildings: the first one (No. 47) was established in 1893, others date back to 1897, 1909 and 1910. The ensemble, designed by architect Carl Meyer, was part of the municipal slaughterhouse and meat trade in Bydgoszcz,together with the factory itself.[14] In 1894, a 2 ha plot around the slaughterhouse was established as a trade centre.[4]

In 1920, the company passed into Polish hands, and growed in size: in 1928, it established a company "Bacon Export SA" in Gniezno, in 1929-1930, a new bacon processing factory gas been built on site, along Piotrkowski street. The slaughterhouse produced for the local market and also exported abroad.[49] Its best seller to United Kingdom during interwar period was bacon.[50]

In 1939, the plant was confiscated and run by the German army, its name was changed to Meat Products Factory "Nawag". The factory company produced bacon, sausages and canned food for the Wehrmacht.[51]

In the years 1945-1949, factories took back their name as city abattoir, subordinated to the control of the capital Warsaw. In the 1960s, the first serious post-war investments for modernization have been realized.[27] After a period of greatest prosperity in the years 60s and 1970s, the slaughterhouse has been hit by the economic crisis.[13] In addition, in 1991, Bydgoszcz plants lost their authorization to export to European Union and United States. The need of a construction of a new modernized facility was acute, leading the way to the sell of Jagiellońska street plot in 2006. The product of the bargain provided for building from scratch a new plant at Przemysłowa street (a plot belonging to the former Bydgoszcz Gasworks),[52] but paradoxically, this investment appeared to be hazardous, these financial problems ended with the bankruptcy of the Bydgoszcz Meat Company in 2008, after 118 years of operation.[53] In 2009, producers and former supplier established the "Bydgoskie Meat Factory" Company and resumed production in the facility at Przemysłowa street.[54] The same year, the plant became member of the group DROBEX.[55]

One of the most interesting edifice is the former catering and administration building at N° 47. It is rectangular, brick-laid building, with two-storey, attic and basement. It has a four-storey tower clock in its south-east corner. Frontages are decorated with brick cornices and friezes with arcades. The south elevation displays a terrace with an openwork balustrade. The other three buildings are administrative and residential edifices.[14] When the plot has been sold in 2006, the processing factory was demolished to give place to the shopping center Focus Mall. The four historic administrative buildings have been preserved and restored.

Focus Mall

Jagiellońska 39-47

2007-2008

International Style

The shopping center "Focus Mall" has been opened on April 23, 2008 on the plot of the demolished meat processing factory of "Bydgoskie Meat Plant", sold in 2006. It was, at its opening, the biggest mall in Bydgoszcz and in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, one of the largest in Poland. It houses 150 shops and service points, and a 13 screen multiplex theatre (run by Cinema City Poland). The center has surface of 90 000 m2, including 41 0000m² of GLA.[56] It has also a two-level parking for approx. 1 200 cars.

Panorama of the four historic buildings, "Focus Mall" in the background

PKS Main Station

Jagiellońska 58

1973-1975

International Style

Erected on the former area of Bydgoszcz gasworks, the station covers an area of 5 hectares stretching from Jagiellońska street to the Brda river.[57] The recent University Bridge (2013) overhangs the premises.

Tenements at N° 51-57

Jagiellońska 51 to 57

1900-1910

Early Modern architecture[58]

These townhouses, standing near the intersection with Oginski street, have been built in the first decade of the 20th century. This area was out of the city limits at that time: the suburb was called "Schröttersdorf" and the street "Promenadenstrasse".[59] The first landlords of the ensemble were:

House at N°63

Jagiellońska 63

1903

Eclecticism

The building has a pediment which displays the carved coat of arms of the owner and the date of construction. This area was out of the city limits at that time: the suburb was then called "Schröttersdorf" and the street "Promenadenstrasse".[59]

Franz Errelis tenement

Jagiellońska 69

1902-1903

Historicism

The building was erected at the request of Franz Errelis, a railway official, according to the design of Bydgoszcz architect Józef Święcicki. It is the last house realized by Święcicki, totally different in terms of formal and stylistic features. The building has four floors, with one apartment per level.[60]

"Słoneczny Młyn" ("Sunny Mill") Hotel

Jagiellońska 96

1862

Wattle and daub

The first reference of the mill dates back to 1862, but studies show that a mill facility has been standing there earlier.[61] The building has been erected by entrepreneurs Louis Wolfen and Meyer Fliess, initially as a small steam mill with a capacity of approx. 1 ton per day. Its economic importance was then negligible. However, the location of the facility made it very convenient for transportation of grain and flour by waterways, via Brda river and the Bydgoszcz Canal. In 1892, the mill was bought by L. Berwald, and in 1899, it was in the hand of Willi and Moritz Baerwald. They carried out a thorough upgrading and extended the building to its limits for the time: equipment comprised, among others, a new steam engine and a narrow-gauge railway to a bridge over the Brda river, where tranportation barges were standing. "Baerwald mill" daily production, from 15-20 tons in the late 19th century, rose up to 30 tons in the early XXth century, with a workforce of approx. 20-25 people. In 1916 was built the high five-storey granary tower, today's dominant architectural item of the complex.

Bronislaw Kentzer, who gave his name to the building, ruled the mill from 1938 to 1939. Under his leadership, the production peaked up to 50 tons per day. In autumn 1939, he was murdered by the Nazis, probably in Fordon's Valley of Death. In 1940 the facility was taken over by German authorities. After WWII, the building was briefly in the hands of a Cooperative, "Społem" ("Together"), then led by Jan Kentzer. After 1948's nationalizations, the mill was managed by the State Cereal Plant in Bydgoszcz, using it to produce flour and other cereal products. Many significant structural changes occurred afterwards: in 1961, steam engine was replaced by an electric one, and from 1970s on the site of the demolished boiler room were built offices, workshops, sheds and garages. At the end of the 1990s, the mill reached a record production of 100 tons of grain a day. At the same period, the company has been transformed into a Joint-stock company. This did not save the firm and in 2003, the mill complex stopped its production, buildings being put for sale.

In 2000, the property has been bought by Barbara Komorowska, co-owner of the "Bakoma" company. From 2007 to 2009, the edifice was entirely refurbished and turned into a stylish four-star hotel under the name Sunny Mill ((Polish)"Słoneczny Młyn"). Old granaries were demolished and the other buildings were restored and combined into a single complex. On the river side has been set a cafe, along the river promenade, at the level of stop of the Bydgoszcz Water Tram. The "Słoneczny Młyn" offers 96 rooms, 5 meeting rooms and a spa area. The suite in the tower offers panoramic views on Bydgoszcz. The decor refers to characteristic details of the early 20th century: Art Nouveau and Art deco. Individual floors of the hotel reflect the atmosphere of the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.[62]

The main part of the mill building dates back to 1916, but the ensemble has experienced an important amount of transformations. It displays the architectural characteristics of early industrial buildings.

House at N°107

Jagiellońska 107

ca 1900

Early Modern architecture[58]

The building is one of the last old house on Jagiellońska. At the time of its erection, the plot was located out of Bromberg city limits, in the village of "Schröttersdorf", and the street bore the name of "Promenadenstrasse" or "Chausseestrasse".[63]

See also

Bibliography

External links

References

  1. ↑ Zyglewski Zbigniew: Dwa najstarsze plany Bydgoszczy z roku 1657. [w.] Kronika Bydgoska XVI 1994. Bydgoszcz 1995
  2. ↑ Licznerski Alfons: Rozwój terytorialny Bydgoszczy. [w.] Kronika Bydgoska II. Bydgoszcz 1965
  3. ↑ Bydgoszcz wczoraj i dziś. Praca zbiorowa pod red. Stanisława Michalskiego. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Warszawa-Poznań 1988.
  4. 1 2 3 Czachorowski Antoni red.: Atlas historyczny miast polskich. Tom II Kujawy. Zeszyt I Bydgoszcz. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika. Toruń 1997
  5. ↑ Rasmus Hugo: Od tramwaju konnego do elektrycznego. [w.] Kronika Bydgoska XVII 1995. Bydgoszcz 1996
  6. ↑ Boguta Tadeusz. Rozwój i aktualna problematyka komunikacji miejskiej w Bydgoszczy. [w.] Kronika Bydgoska II 1964-1965
  7. 1 2 3 4 zabytek|kujawsko-pomorskie|issued=10/12/2010
  8. ↑ "Piękne, znane i zaniedbane". bydgoski.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  9. ↑ "Savoy - We run the space". savoy.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  10. ↑ Załącznik do uchwały Nr XXXIV/601/13 Sejmiku Województwa Kujawsko-Pomorskiego z dnia 20 maja 2013 r.
  11. ↑ Janiszewska-Mincer Barbara: Bydgoszcz jako stolica regencji w latach 1815-1914. [w.] Bydgoszcz jako ośrodek administracyjny na przestrzeni wieków. Zbiór studiów pod red. Zdzisława Biegańskiego i Włodzimierza Jastrzębskiego. Prace Komisji Historii BTN t. XVI: Bydgoszcz 1998
  12. 1 2 3 4 http://www.bydgoszcz.uw.gov.pl/pl/urzad-od-1836r.html dostęp 12-05-2014
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Umiński Janusz: Bydgoszcz. Przewodnik. Regionalny Oddział PTTK "Szlak Brdy", Bydgoszcz 1996, str. 102-103
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Parucka Krystyna. Zabytki Bydgoszczy – minikatalog. "Tifen" Krystyna Parucka. Bydgoszcz 2008
  15. ↑ Kaja Renata: Bydgoskie pomniki przyrody. Instytut Wydawniczy "Świadectwo". Bydgoszcz 1995. ISBN 83-85860-32-0
  16. ↑ J. Święcicki "Bromberg"
  17. 1 2 3 4 Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria: Bydgoskie realizacje Heinricha Seelinga. [w.] Materiały do dziejów kultury i sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu. Zeszyt 4. Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy. Bydgoszcz 1999
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Winter Piotr: Dawne bydgoskie budynki pocztowe i z pocztą związane. [w:] Materiały do Dziejów Kultury i Sztuki Bydgoszczy i Regionu. zeszyt 2. Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy. 1997.
  19. ↑ Błażejewski Stanisław, Kutta Janusz, Romaniuk Marek: Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom II. Bydgoszcz 1995. ISBN 83-85327-27-4, ss. 63–65.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bręczewska-Kulesza Maria, Wysocka Agnieszka: Historia i architektura gmachu NBP w Bydgoszczy. In. Kalendarz Bydgoski 2007.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Garbaczewski Witold: Narodowy Bank Polski Oddział Okręgowy w Bydgoszczy – historia i współczesność. In. Kalendarz Bydgoski 2004.
  22. ↑ Historia Bydgoszczy. Tom I. Do roku 1920: red. Marian Biskup: Bydgoszcz: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Warszawa-Poznań 1991. ISBN 83-01-06666-0, str. 588
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Janina-Janikowska Danuta Beata: Rola bydgoskiego szpitala wojskowego w systemie wojskowych zakładów leczniczych Okręgu Generalnego "Pomorze" i Okręgu Korpusu VIII. [w.] Materiały do dziejów kultury i sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu. Zeszyt 8. Bydgoszcz 2003
  24. ↑ Historia szkolnictwa wyższego w Bydgoszczy. red. Zygmunt Mackiewicz: Bydgoszcz: Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe 2004. ISBN 83-917322-7-4, str. 18-20
  25. ↑ Derenda Jerzy. Piękna stara Bydgoszcz – tom I z serii Bydgoszcz miasto na Kujawach. Praca zbiorowa. Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. Bydgoszcz 2006
  26. ↑ Rogalski Bogumił: Przegląd współczesnej architektury publicznej i urbanistyki Bydgoszczy. [w.] Kronika Bydgoska XIV 1992. Bydgoszcz 1993
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michalski Stanisław red. Bydgoszcz wczoraj i dziś 1945-1980. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Warszawa-Poznań 1988. ISBN 978-83-01-05465-6
  28. 1 2 3 4 Woźniak Wojciech: Pałac naprawdę młodzieży. [w.] Kronika Bydgoska 1974-1975
  29. ↑ Polish article in "Gazeta Pomorska"
  30. ↑ 2015 Festival
  31. ↑ http://www.palac.bydgoszcz.pl/ dostęp 14-12-2010
  32. ↑ Kaja Renata. Bydgoskie pomniki przyrody. Instytut Wydawniczy "Świadectwo". Bydgoszcz 1995. ISBN 83-85860-32-0
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kuczma Rajmund: Zieleń w dawnej Bydgoszczy. Instytut Wydawniczy "Świadectwo". Bydgoszcz 1995
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 Gliwiński Eugeniusz: Kontrowersje wokół nazwy parku im. W. Witosa. [w.] Kalendarz Bydgoski 1996
  35. ↑ Pruss Zdzisław, Weber Alicja, Kuczma Rajmund: Bydgoski leksykon muzyczny. Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne. Bydgoszcz 2004, str. 377
  36. ↑ Materiały do Dziejów Kultury i Sztuki Bydgoszczy i Regionu. zeszyt 6., Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, (2001). Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy, ed. Józef Święcicki – szkic biografii bydgoskiego budowniczego, [w:] Materiały do Dziejów Kultury i Sztuki Bydgoszczy i Regionu, zeszyt 6 (in Polish). p. 45.
  37. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1897 : auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen, p64
  38. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten für 1910 : auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen, p394
  39. ↑ [rongvang.com.pl Asian restaurant Rongvang]
  40. ↑ Kalendarz Bydgoski 2006, str.98-100
  41. ↑ Umiński, Janusz: Bydgoszcz. Przewodnik, Regionalny Oddział PTTK "Szlak Brdy" Bydgoszcz 1996
  42. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1895 : auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
  43. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1933: auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
  44. ↑ Swiecicki buildings in Bydgoszcz
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Czajkowski Edmund: Staruszka gazownia i jej lampy. [w.] Kalendarz Bydgoski 1998
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wojtkowiak Jerzy: 140 lat tradycji gazownictwa w Bydgoszczy. Z dawnych i nowych lat gazowni bydgoskiej. [w.] Kalendarz Bydgoski 2000
  47. ↑ 16 obiektów na nowym turystycznym szlaku Bydgoszczy. Gazownia Miejska
  48. ↑ Dodatek do "Expressu Bydgoskiego" z 10.12.2010r. "150 lat gazownictwa w Bydgoszczy" podaje rok 1950.
  49. ↑ Historia Bydgoszczy. Tom II. Część pierwsza 1920-1939: red. Marian Biskup: Bydgoszcz: Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe 1999. ISBN 83-901329-0-7, str. 77-176
  50. ↑ http://bydgoskiezm.pl/index.html dostęp 13-12-2010
  51. ↑ Historia Bydgoszczy. Tom II. Część druga 1939-1945: red. Marian Biskup: Bydgoszcz: Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe 2004. ISBN 83-921454-0-2, str. 243
  52. ↑ Derenda Jerzy: Zakady Mięsne w Bydgoszczy. [w.] Kalendarz Bydgoski 1999
  53. ↑ from 13-12-2010
  54. ↑ from 13-12-2010
  55. ↑ "Bydgoskie Zakłady Mięsne". Bydgoskiezm.pl. Retrieved 2015-09-18.
  56. ↑ Aneta Cichla (2014-10-06). "Focus Mall Bydgoszcz zmienia właściciela". eurobuildcee.com (in Polish). Retrieved 2014-12-30.
  57. ↑ Umiński, Janusz: Bydgoszcz. Przewodnik, Regionalny Oddział PTTK "Szlak Brdy" Bydgoszcz 1996
  58. 1 2
  59. 1 2 3 Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten für das Jahr 1911 : auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen
  60. ↑ http://www.swiecicki.bydgoszcz.pl/ 01-12-2010
  61. ↑ Jarocińska Anna, Stare młyny [w:] Kalendarz Bydgoski, 2007.
  62. ↑ official site of the hotel, 05-09-2015
  63. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten für das Jahr 1911 und 1901: auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen

Coordinates: 53°07′22″N 18°01′07″E / 53.1229°N 18.0187°E / 53.1229; 18.0187

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, May 02, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.