James Allen Hardie

James Allen Hardie

James A. Hardie
Born (1823-05-05)May 5, 1823
New York City, New York
Died December 14, 1876(1876-12-14) (aged 53)
Washington, D.C.
Mount Olivet Cemetery Mount Olivet Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
Allegiance United States of America
Union
Service/branch United States Army
Union Army
Years of service 1843 - 1876
Rank Colonel
Brevet Major General
Battles/wars American Civil War

James Allen Hardie (May 5, 1823 December 14, 1876) was an American soldier, serving in a number of important administrative positions in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Early life

Hardie was born in New York City. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1843, 11th in a class of 39 cadets, and began serving with the 3rd U.S. Artillery Regiment. During the Mexican-American War, as a second lieutenant, he was detached from his regiment to serve with the 1st Regiment of New York Volunteers, for service in California and during the war with Mexico as a major. As such he became the military commandant of San Francisco. Returning to his regiment he participated in the campaigns against the Indians in Oregon and Washington Territory, and was an aide to Brig. Gen. John E. Wool. Hardie was in camp with General George Wright on Latah (Hangman's) Creek, near present-day Spokane, in 1858 when they lured Qualchan to camp and summarily hung him. Qualchan's father, Chief Owhi, who was in their custody, was later shot while trying to escape.[1] Promoted to captain, he was serving as Adjutant General of the Department of Oregon when the American Civil War began.

Civil War

Promoted to lieutenant colonel on September 28, 1861, Hardie joined the staff of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. During the Peninsula, Maryland, and Fredericksburg campaigns of the Civil War he was acting adjutant general of the Army of the Potomac, and on November 29, 1862, was appointed brigadier general of volunteers, but it was not confirmed by the United States Senate and the promotion was revoked on January 22, 1863.[2] In 1863 he was appointed assistant adjutant general with the rank of major on the staff of the regular army, and on May 24, 1864, was made inspector general with the rank of colonel. On March 13, 1865, he was appointed a brevet major general in the regular army.

Hardie played an important administrative role in two key incidents during the war. During the Battle of Fredericksburg, he delivered the attack orders to Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin on December 13, 1862. Franklin did not conduct his attack to Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside's expectations, and Hardie has been criticized for not ensuring that the two generals understood each other correctly. On June 28, 1863, Hardie was the officer who delivered the surprise order to Maj. Gen. George G. Meade at Frederick, Maryland, appointing him commander of the Army of the Potomac, three days prior to the Battle of Gettysburg.[3]

Postbellum life

After the Civil War, Hardie served as one of the inspector generals of the Army. His military career lasted for 37 years until his death on active duty. He died in Washington, D.C., and is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York.[2]

Notes

References

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Hardie, James Allen.
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