James E. English

James E. English
United States Senator from Connecticut
In office November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876
Preceded by	Orris S. Ferry
Succeeded by	William H. Barnum
44th Governor of Connecticut
In office May 4, 1870 – May 16, 1871
Lieutenant	Julius Hotchkiss
Preceded by	Marshall Jewell
Succeeded by	Marshall Jewell
43rd Governor of Connecticut
In office May 1, 1867 – May 5, 1869
Lieutenant	Ephraim H. Hyde
Preceded by	Joseph R. Hawley
Succeeded by	Marshall Jewell
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Connecticut's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1865
Preceded by	John Woodruff
Succeeded by	Samuel L. Warner
Member of the Connecticut Senate
In office 1856-1858
Member of the Connecticut House of Representatives
In office 1855 1872
Personal details
Born	James Edward English March 13, 1812 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	March 2, 1890 (aged 77) New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Spouse(s)	-Caroline A. Fowler English, Anna Robinson Morris English
Children	Edward Fowler English (1838 - 1841), Augusta Caroline English (1843 - 1857), Edward Fowler English (1848 - 1849), Henry Fowler English (1851 - 1947)
Profession	Politician, banker, lumberman, manufacturer

James Edward English (March 13, 1812 – March 2, 1890) was a United States Representative and later U.S. Senator from Connecticut.

Early life and education

English was born in New Haven, Connecticut and attended the common schools. An apprentice carpenter at the age of 16, he became a successful businessman, establishing the English and Welch Lumber Company, and restructuring the New Haven Clock Company into one of the largest clock manufacturers.^[1] He was twice married; to Caroline A. Fowler and to Anna Robinson Morris. He had four children; Edward Fowler English (1838 - 1841), Augusta Caroline English (1843 - 1857), Edward Fowler English (1848 - 1849), and Henry Fowler English (1851 - 1947).^[2]

Career

English engaged in the lumber business, banking, and manufacturing. He was a member of the New Haven board of selectmen from 1847 to 1861, and a member of the common council in 1848 and 1849. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1855 and of the Connecticut Senate from 1856 to 1858, and was an unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant governor in 1860.

English was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1861 to March 4, 1865.^[3] He was not a candidate for renomination in 1864.

He left his ill wife to vote at the U.S. Capitol, where, despite being a Democrat, he voted in favor of the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery in 1864. His "aye" prompted applause "and the tide turned." He later remarked that voting for the Amendment ruined his standing among Democrats, but he thought it the right thing to do, saying "I suppose I am politically ruined, but that day was the happiest of my life."^[4] However, his reservation was not to be, as he had a fairly successful career afterwards.

Regarding his vote in favor of the Thirteenth Amendment, English said to a friend: "I suppose I am politically ruined, but that day was the happiest of my life."^[5]

Unsuccessful in his 1866 gubernatorial bid, English was elected Connecticut's 26th governor on April 1, 1867,^[6] serving from May 1, 1867 to May 5, 1869. He lost his reelection in 1869, but was successfully reelected in 1870 and served from May 4, 1870 to May 16, 1871. During his tenure, an argument between the railroad and shipping industries was settled with the approval for construction of two new bridges. English ran again for reelection in 1871, and won the popular vote, but a canvassing committee found the election was fraudulent with stolen votes and erroneous totals, and awarded the governorship to Marshall Jewell.

English was elected again in 1872 to serve in the Connecticut House of Representatives. He was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Orris S. Ferry and served from November 27, 1875, to May 17, 1876, when a successor was elected.^[7]

An unsuccessful candidate for election in 1876 to fill the vacancy, English resumed his manufacturing and commercial activities.

In popular culture

• In Steven Spielberg's 2012 Lincoln film, both English and Augustus Brandegee, his abolitionist Republican colleague from Connecticut, are given two fictional names and are both shown, erroneously, to have voted against the amendment.^[8]

Death

English died in New Haven March 2, 1890 (age 77 years, 354 days), and is interred at Evergreen Cemetery, New Haven, Connecticut.^[9]

References

1. "James E. English". National Governors Association. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
2. "James E. English". Find A Grave. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
3. "James E. English". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
4. English, Anna Morris (1891). In Memoriam: James Edward English. Michigan: Library of the University of Michigan. p. 23. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
5. English, Anna Morris (1891). In Memoriam: James Edward English. Michigan: Library of the University of Michigan. pp. 22–23. Retrieved July 17, 2015. Mr. English remarked to a New Haven friend, while talking over this experience, 'I suppose I am politically ruined, but that day was the happiest of my life.'
6. Montgomery, David (1967). Beyond Equality: Labor and the Radical Republicans 1862-1872. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 296.
7. "James E. English". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
8. Dowd, Maureen (February 17, 2013). "The Oscar for Best Fabrication". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2015.
9. "James E. English". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 5 December 2012.

External links

• United States Congress. "James E. English (id: E000185)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• James E. English at Find A Grave
• In memoriam, James Edward English 1891 Biography & Autobiography
• National Governors Association
• The Political Graveyard
• Govtrack US Congress

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.