James Templer (1722–1782)

For other uses, see James Templer (disambiguation).
James I Templer (1722–1782), portrait by unknown artist
Arms of Templer, as depicted 1794 stained glass image in Shute Church of arms of George Templer of Shapwick, which differ in several details from the official grant of 1765 registered in the College of Arms: Quarterly azure and gules, on a mount in base vert the perspective of an antique temple argent of three stories, each embattled; from the second battlement two steeples, [sic] and from the top, one, each ending in a cross sable [sic] on the pinnacle; in the first quarter an eagle displayed; in the second a stag trippant regardant or.[1] In no image of the Templer arms in Shute Church, Stover House or Teigngrace Church are two steeples shown from the second story. Often only one cross argent is shown from the top steeple. The depiction above shows three crosses or. The temple is seemingly a canting reference to the mediaeval round Temple Church of the Knights Templar in London (itself modelled on the Byzantine version of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem) which was reconstructed after WWII bomb damage with two embattled stories but without a spire

James I Templer (1722–1782) of Stover House, Teigngrace, Devon, was a self-made magnate, a civil engineer who made his fortune building dockyards.

Origins

He was born in Exeter of a humble family, the son of Thomas Templer a brazier.

Career

He was orphaned young, whereupon his elder brother apprenticed him to John Bickley, a carpenter or architect of Exeter. He broke his indenture and set off for India where he made a fortune, either from government building contracts or possibly from dealing in silver bullion,[2] before returning to England aged 23. He settled at Rotherhithe, Kent, where he obtained a government contract to re-build the dockyard with his partners John Line and Thomas Parlby (1727–1802), whose sister Mary Parlby (died 1784) became his wife. He obtained with his partners in about 1760 the contract to rebuild Plymouth docks, for which he used granite from Haytor, and moved to Devon. In 1763 he obtained a grant of arms from the College of Arms. He adopted the Latin motto Nihil Sine Labore ("nothing without work").

Builds Stover House

In 1765 he purchased the manor of Teigngrace and Stover Lodge, which in 1780 he re-built in grander form on a nearby site as Stover House. His grandson George Templer overspent his resources and was forced to sell Stover House, Stover Canal, the Haytor Granite Tramway and most of the rest of the family's considerable estates to Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, in 1829, in whose family it remained until 1921. In 1932 it became the Stover Girls' School, which occupies it still in 2012.[3]

Landholdings

James Templer acquired properties including:

Marriage

Mary Parlby (1725–1784), portrait by unknown artist; right: Arms of Templer impaling Parlby (Argent, a parrot vert), sculpted in relief on marble chimneypiece in entrance hall of Stover House, representing the marriage of James I Templer to Mary Parlby, with Templer crest above
Mural monument to Mary Parlby, wife of James I Templer. Teigngrace Church

He married Mary Parlby (1725–1784), the sister of his business partner Thomas Parlby (1727–1802) and daughter of John Parlby of Chatham, Kent, whose mural monument survives in Teigngrace Church inscribed as follows:

"Sacred to the memory of Mrs Mary Templer for a period of thirty five years the affectionate wife and of two years the afflicted widow of James Templer Esq. The duties of every relation which Providence assigned her she strictly and chearfully [sic] discharged. A faithful partner in all the vicissitudes of life she participated his pleasure she divided and mitigated his pain. Her discretion was his resource in difficulty, her tenderness his consolation in distress. That animated sense of duty to her Creator and fellow creatures, that prudence temper'd with generosity and good humour, which threw a lustre and dignity on her own life, she inculcated by precept and example on her numerous progeny. The efficacy of such virtue was not restrained to the narrow sphere of parental and conjugal duty; her piety was diffuse and exemplary, her charity universal. To her domestics she was a gentle mistress, a condescending friend. They who possess'd her confidence never failed to partake her bounty; To the poor her liberality had no bounds; when she saw distress whatever shape it assumed, then she saw an occasion to pity and to relieve. Having thus performed the part of a good matron and a pious Christian, mature in virtues as in years, when ye tenderest tie which bound her to this Earth was dissolv'd, she readily resigned that being of which ye better part was extinct, and amid the embraces of her sorrowing children expired on the twenty first of June 1784 aged 59 years".

By his wife he had progeny:

Progeny

James II Templer (1748–1813)

James II Templer (1748–1813), eldest son and heir, who built the Stover Canal in 1792 to transport clay along the Teign Estuary from the Bovey Basin to the port of Teignmouth. Coal, manure and agricultural produce was also freighted along the canal. Granite from Hay Tor was used to build Stover House which was completed by 1792. By 1820 a granite tramway, which had rails cut from granite, was opened connecting the granite quarries of Haytor to the canal. This enabled large quantities of granite to be transported for major works like the new London Bridge which opened in 1825. He married Mary Buller (1749–1829),[15] 3rd daughter of James Buller (1717–1765)[16] of Downes, Crediton and of King's Nympton Park, Member of Parliament for East Looe in Cornwall (1741-7) and for the County of Cornwall (1748–1765), by his second wife Lady Jane Bathurst (died 1794), a daughter of Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst. By his wife he had progeny including George Templer (1781–1843), eldest son and heir, who inherited the Stover estate which he sold in 1829 to Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset (1775–1855).

Rev. John Templer (1751–1832)

Mural monument to Rev. John Templer (1751–1832), Teigngrace Church
Mural monument to Jane Shubrick (1751–1813), wife of Rev. John Templer (1751–1832), Teigngrace Church

Rev. John Templer (1751–1832), 2nd son, Rector of Teigngrace, who in 1778 married Jane Shubrick (1751–1813), the widow of John Line (died 1777) of Lindridge House, Sheriff of Devon in 1774,[17] his father's partner who had died of smallpox,[18] and the daughter of Thomas I Shubrick[19] (arms: Azure, a chevron ermine between three estoiles[20]) who had gone to America[21] with his brother Richard I Shubrick of Quenby Plantation, South Carolina, and who became a member of the first legislative council of South Carolina.[22] Jane's brother was Col. Thomas II Shubrick (1756–1810) of Belvedere, South Carolina, a plantation owner, who in 1773 entered the Middle Temple in London for his legal training but later moved to America where he fought with distinction on the American side in the American War of Independence,[23] and whose son was John Templer Shubrick (1788–1815), a distinguished officer in the US Navy. Rev. John Templer moved in to Lindridge with Jane Line, who had been granted a life interest in the house under her late husband's will, and established there a pack of harriers.[24] Following the death in 1818 of his brother Lt.Col. Henry Templer, heir to Lindridge under the will of John Line, Rev. John Templer purchased Lindridge from his heirs[25] and died there in 1832, without progeny, having been nursed in his old age by his widowed sister Lady Anne de la Pole (died 1832), the widow of Sir John de la Pole, 6th Baronet (1757–1799) of Shute, Devon, who died at Lindridge shortly afterwards, as is recorded on her mural monument in Shute Church. His mural monument survives in Teigngrace Church inscribed as follows:

"Sacred to the memory of the Revd John Templer A.M. of Lindridge House, forty five years rector of the parish and vicar of Paignton cum Marldon in this county, who died February 5th 1832 aged 81 years. He was second son of James Templer Esq of Stover Lodge, was educated on the Royal foundation of Westminster School and at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1778 he married Jane, daughter of Richard [sic] Shubrick Esq of Charleston in America and widow of John Line Esqr by whom he left no issue. In him society lost a kind friend, dependents an indulgent master and the poor a charitable benefactor".

A mural monument to his wife survives in Teigngrace Church inscribed as follows:

"This tablet is erected to the beloved memory of Mrs Jane Templer, wife of John Templer A.M. Rector of this parish. She died June 20th 1813 aged 62 years. Ever to be regretted whilst virtue, piety and benevolence are esteemed by Mankind. For many years she bore a painful disorder with patient resignation and fortitude which nothing could have inspired but the piety of her whole life and the firm hope of being rewarded in Heaven for the exercise of so much goodness here in Earth"

William Templer (1753–1778)

William Templer (1753–1778), 3rd son, died aged 25 at Portsmouth, buried at Teigngrace.

George Templer (1755–1819)

Stained glass window in Shute Church, Devon, showing arms of George Templer (1755–1819) impaling arms of Paul of West Monkton: Argent, two bars sable a canton of the last and circumscribed within a Garter: G. Templer Esqr. Shapwick County Somerset 1794, with motto of Templer: Nihil Sine Labore ("Nothing without work") and Templer crest above: A mount vert thereon a holy lamb argent in the dexter foot a pennon of the second charged with a cross of St George the streamers wavy azure and gules the staff or under an oak tree proper fructed or[26]

George Templer (1755–1819), 4th son, of Shapwick in Somerset. He spent much of his life in Bengal, India as an officer in the East India Company, where he started at the age of 18 as a Writer for the Company, and had risen to the position of a Senior Merchant and was one of Warren Hastings’s most trusted associates immediately before his return to England at the age of 30 in 1785. He purchased the manor of Shapwick in 1786–87 from Denys III Rolle[27] (1725–1797) of Stevenstone and Bicton in Devon, which he made his seat. He served as Member of Parliament for Honiton 1790–96, but retired from politics at the end of the Parliament. In 1792 he was one of the six founding partners of the London and Middlesex Bank, based in London, which failed in 1816, causing his financial ruin. He therefore sold Shapwick and in 1817 at the age of 62 returned to India where he could live more cheaply and, with the help of Hastings to whom he wrote "Necessity tells me it is my duty to depend on my own exertions [rather] than eat the bread of idleness", he resumed his career with the Company which appointed him Commercial Resident at Jungapore, where he died on 20 July 1819.[28] In 1781 he married Jane Paul (1761–1847),[29] eldest daughter of Henry Paul of West Monkton and Cossington House in Somerset, an officer in the East India Company, by his wife Ann Pierce,[30] sister[31] of Captain Richard Pierce of the Halsewell East Indiaman which was shipwrecked off the Dorset coast in 1786, bound for Bengal. Two of Jane's sisters, Amy Paul and Mary Paul[32] were drowned [33] as was her husband's 15-year-old brother Charles Templer, also Captain Pierce himself and his two young daughters Eliza Pierce and Mary Anne Pierce.[34] In 1803 George Templer acquired the manor of Cossington in Somerset, with about 150 acres, previously the property of his father-in-law Henry Paul, who had acquired in it 1789. It passed to George's eldest son Rev. George Henry Templer, who in 1828 sold it to Edmund Broderip.[35] By his wife he had progeny including:

His mural monument[36] survives in Teigngrace Church inscribed as follows:

"Sacred to the memory of George Templer Esq., 4th son of James Templer Esq of Stover House in this parish, who having been educated on the Royal Foundation at Westminster at an early age was employed in the service of the Honourable the East India Company. In this as in every other station of life, honour, humanity, integrity in him were predominant virtues. By these qualifications he secured the patronage of the proprietors at large, so as unanimously to be replaced in his rank in Calcutta after an absence of 32 years. In their service he died at Jungapore in the province of Bengal, July 14th 1819 aged 64 years. As a son, brother, husband, father and friend, he was eminently distinguished, and as a member of Parliament he was a firm, conscientious supporter of our happy constitution in church and state"

Lt-Col.Henry Line Templer (1765–1818)

Lt-Col.Henry Line Templer (1765–1818), 10th Lt Dragoons and one of the Prince Regent's household,[37] whose middle name was in honour of his godfather and his father's business partner John Line (died 1777) of Lindridge House, who made him his heir in his will, having left all his property to his widow Jane Shubrick (1747–1813) for her life "and thereafter in trust to his godson Henry Line Templer, for his life, with remainder to his lawful male issue in tail male". The trustees included his partner James I Templer "of Stover Lodge", (Henry's father) and Rev John Templer (Henry's elder brother), who in the next year 1778 married Line's widow and moved in with her at Lindridge,[38] where he kept a pack of harriers. Henry married Mary Rogers, daughter of Sir Frederick Leman Rogers, 7th Baronet (1782–1851),[39] of Blachford House, Cornwood, near Ivybridge, Devon, by whom he had four sons and 5 daughters, including Mary Templer, wife of John Beaumont Swete (1788–1867), eldest son and heir of the Devonshire topographer Rev. John Swete (died 1821) of Oxton House, Kenton, Devon. His inheritance of Lindridge did not remain a possession of his descendants, but passed to the descendants of his elder brother George, whose seat it remained until shortly before 1937.[40] His mural monument survives in Teigngrace Church inscribed as follows:

"To the memory of Lieut. Colonel Henry Line Templer, 5th son of James Templer Esq of Stover, who for upwards of 15 years held a commission in the 10th or Prince of Wales's own Reg(imen)t Light Drag(oon)s, and when he retired from the service of his King, discharged the duties of an active and upright magistrate for this county. He married Mary, eldest daughter of Sir Frederick Leman Rogers of Blachford, Bar(one)t, By whom he has left issue 4 sons and 4 daughters. He departed this life Sepr 30th aged 53 years. Few more esteemed, beloved or regretted".

Charles Beckford Templer (1771–1786)

Charles Beckford[41] Templer (1771–1786), youngest son, who at the age of 15 drowned in the notorious shipwreck of the Halsewell East Indiaman, off St Alban's Head, Isle of Portland, Dorset, whilst sailing to Bengal, "in the aweful night of January 5th 1786", as is recorded on his mural monument in Teigngrace Church, which shows a marble relief sculpture of the shipwreck against high cliffs. The shipwreck is commemorated in poems, paintings, including a watercolour by Turner, and a symphony. He was one of a group of four "youths under the care of the captain and other officers but acting as midshipmen".[42] Captain Richard Pierce was the brother of George Templer's wife's mother Ann Pierce, and also drowned with his two daughters.

Depiction of Shipwreck

Scene during the shipwreck of the Halsewell, showing Captain Richard Pierce with his two daughters. Painted by Thomas Stothard (1755–1834), National Maritime Museum, Greenwich

A scene during the shipwreck of the Halsewell was later painted by Thomas Stothard (1755–1834) which portrays Captain Richard Pierce with his two daughters Eliza and Mary Anne on his knees in the round-house where the lady passengers had been gathered. The ship was then being beaten against the rocks of the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, and there was no hope of the ladies getting off alive. At left are two officers, Meriton and Rogers, who survived and wrote the account of the shipwreck, including this particular scene, which became a famous story. The two girls were first cousins of Jane Paul, wife of George Templer, and Jane Paul also lost her own two sisters in the wreck, who may also be shown in the painting.

Anne Templer (1758–1832)

1786 Portrait of Lady Anne de la Pole (1758–1832) (daughter of James I Templer) by George Romney (1734–1802), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, US
1832 mural monument to Lady Anne Pole (née Templer) (1758–1832), wife of Sir John de la Pole, 6th Baronet (1757–1799) signed: "P. Rouw sculp. London" (Peter Rouw (1771–1852)), west wall of south transept of St Michael's Church, Shute, Devon

Anne Templer (1758–1832), wife of Sir John de la Pole, 6th Baronet (1757–1799) of Shute in Devon, Member of Parliament for West Looe and mother of Sir William Templer Pole, 7th Baronet (1782–1847). Her large and enormously valuable portrait painted by George Romney (1734–1802) is now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, US. It hung formerly in New Shute House and was sold by Sir Frederick Arundell de la Pole, 11th Baronet (1850–1926) at auction at Christie's London on 13 July 1913 and was purchased by the dealers Duveen Brothers of New York for 40,000 guineas ($206,850), then a record price for any work of art sold in London.[43] It is now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, US. Her mural monument by the sculptor Peter Rouw (1771–1852) survives in Shute Church inscribed as follows:

"The mortal remains of Anne, widow of John William de la Pole, sixth baronet in descent, are consigned to the resting place of her kindred within these hallowed walls in the sure and certain hope of that perfect consummation and bliss both in body and soul which the Lord Jesus Christ hath prepared for them that love him. If purity of life can proceed from purity of heart alone she will be blessed in seeing God. If they who consider the poor and needy are blessed, the face of the Lord will not be turned away from her. The last days of her life were devoted to smoothing the pillow of mortal sickness for her beloved brother the Reverend John Templer. He died at Lindridge House in this county on Sunday the 5th day of February MDCCCXXXII aged 81 years and under the same roof on the ensuing Sabbath unable to endure her irreparable loss she followed him to the land of eternal rest in the 74th year of her age".

Death & burial

He died in 1782 and is commemorated by a monument in Teignrace Church, rebuilt in 1786 by his sons. Pevsner thought highly of this family stating: "The Templers were people of taste, as is clear from the building and their monuments".[44]

Monument

Mural monument to James I Templer (1722–1782) in Teigngrace Church

His mural monument survives in Teigngrace Church, which building was rebuilt by three of his sons as his monument, inscribed as follows:[45]

"To the memory of James Templer Esq of this parish whose abilities were eminently exerted in improving the arts which contribute to the convenience or embellishment of human life. The same simplicity of taste which was the ornament of his genius, shed its influence on every part of his character. Averse to false refinements of vanity and luxury, he devoted himself in modest retirement to the humble practice of all moral and religious duties. The good gifts which Providence put into his hands were distributed by an active and well directed benevolence. He gave his advice with great openness, his charities with great secrecy, was warm and constant in his friendship, mild and gentle in his authority, never provoked by anything but vice: Happy in the esteem of all good men, supremely so in the exalted comforts of every domestic relation. He saw those ties about to be dissolved with resignation, though not without regret, and when a robust constitution aided by habitual temperance seemed to promise a much longer continuance of them, on the IVth of March MDCCLXXXII in the LIX th year of his age, he obeyed the last awful summons, with a constaney of composure which nothing but religious hope, and the recollection of a well spent life could inspire. May this faithful stone commemorate his virtues for the information and imitation of future times, for they surely can want no testimony to convince them how he lived, who witnessed how he died".

Sources

References

  1. ↑ Templer arms see also letter to Stover school from College of Arms (Chester Herald) dated 23 November 2004
  2. ↑ Extract from www.templerfamily.co.uk: "The log of one of the East India Company ships which was carrying silver bullion suggests that on arrival in Madras the bullion was handed over to a small group consisting of, amongst others, Line and Templer. Another snippet derived from a remote family source is that James Templer and his partners were actually trading in Mexican silver dollars, but why and how they came by the dollars is not explained. However, there are two other possibly completely irrelevant facts worth noting. The first is that adulterated silver became a problem in India, and secondly that James's father and elder brother were both 'braziers', i.e. brass craftsmen, so James would have had some knowledge of foundries and metallurgy. In a printed book of the Madras Record Office Extracts to be found in the Society of Genealogists Library, there is evidence that he was engaged in transactions, legalised by the Madras Mint, in connection with exchanging old and new Mexican silver. In view of James' young age, it seems likely that this was the main basis of his later fortune rather than the building of docks"
  3. ↑ http://www.templerfamily.co.uk/Templer%20Trees/GEDmill_Output/indiI0728.html
  4. ↑ Drabble, S., Templer & Parlby: Eighteenth Century Contractor, published in Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineering, Vol.163, Issue 3, p.189 et seq
  5. ↑ The European Magazine and London Review, Philological Society of Great Britain, Volume 36 (July to December 1799), p.303
  6. ↑ Victoria County History, Volume 7, Middlesex
  7. ↑ Victoria County History, Volume 7, Middlesex; Acton: Manors and other estates, London, 1982
  8. ↑ Hasted, Edward, History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, Volume 5, pp.235-6
  9. ↑ Drabble
  10. ↑ Drabble
  11. ↑ His wife was Lady Sarah Archer (died 1801); a third share of a man's estate was from mediaeval times the standard dower allowed to a widow as a life interest following her husband's death
  12. ↑ http://landedfamilies.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/166-archer-of-umberslade-and-hale.html
  13. ↑ Drabble
  14. ↑ House of Lords Journal, 5 May 1783
  15. ↑ Dates per her mural monument in Teigngrace Church
  16. ↑ Burke's, 1937, p.278, pedigree of Buller of Downes
  17. ↑ Parliamentary return to John Line, Esq., high sheriff of Devon 1774 October 11
  18. ↑ Will of John Line, National Archives, Kew, dated 10 April 1777 "being sick and weak in body but of sound and disposing mind...The said John Line being blind by the small pox and thereby rendered incapable of writing his name as usual made his mark"
  19. ↑ Jane's father's name is stated as "Richard Shubrick" on Rev. John Templer's monument in Teigngrace Church. However her first husband John Line refers in his will dated 10 April 1777 to: "All monies due to me from Thomas Shubrick Esquire my wife's ffather (sic) now in America". All US sources give him as Thomas Shubrick, husband of Sarah Motte and father of Col. Thomas Shubrick (1756–1810) of Belvedere, South Carolina; However a person named Richard Shubridge did also exist, see: Smith, Henry A. M., The Baronies of South Carolina: Quenby and the EasternBranch of Cooper River, published in South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. XVIII. January, 1917, No.1, p.8: "Richard and Thomas Shubrick his brother were merchants in London who came out to Carolina sometime after 1730 and were merchants in Charles Town. The earliest notice the writer has found of Richard Shubrick in South Carolina is in an unrecorded deed dated 7th June 1733 whereby "Richard Shubrick of Ratcliff "in the Parish of Stepney alias Stebunheath in the county of Middlesex, Merchant" acquired 1000 acres of land on the Edisto River about seven miles above the town called New London granted to Samuel Buttall in June 1682. From descriptions in conveyances of adjoining lands Richard Shubrick also was in possession of Quenby shortly after 1740, presumably through the right of his wife by whom he had a son named Richard Shubrick. This last Richard apparently survived bis mother and presumably inherited from her the Quenby plantation devised to her by her first husband John Ashby. Richard Shubrick seems to have returned to England with his son Richard. His brother Thomas remained in South Carolina and is the ancestor of the family of that name in South Carolina. A deed of mortgage on the record from Thomas Shubrick the son of Thomas to his cousin Richard Shubrick recites that the elder Richard Shubrick had returned to England and died there, and that his brother Thomas was indebted to him at the time of Richard's death, and to secure the debt mortgages a large amount of property including the Quinby plantation"
  20. ↑ As shown hatched impaled by Templer on monument to Rev. John Templer in Teigngrace Church. Also see arms of Col Thomas Shubrick (1755–1810) of South Carolina
  21. ↑ As stated in will of John Line; see also The Papers of Henry Laurens: Jan. 5, 1776 – Nov. 1, 1777, page 313, Henry Laurens, David R. Chesnutt, South Carolina Historical Society, 1988
  22. ↑ The History of South-Carolina: From Its First Settlement in 1670, Volume 1 By David Ramsay
  23. ↑ Col. Thomas II Shubrick (1756–1810) served in the Revolution with the 2nd South Carolina Regiment, and was aide de camp to General Nathanael Greene. He was given the thanks of Congress for his actions at Eutaw Springs, South Carolina. See "South Carolina senate Biographies"
  24. ↑ Bridie, Marion Ferguson, The Story of Shute: The Bonvilles and the Poles, Axminster, 1955, p.146 (Published by Shute School Ltd.), reprinted 1995, Bridport
  25. ↑ Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.6, London, 1822, Devon
  26. ↑ Burke's, 1937, p.2217
  27. ↑ Dunning, Robert, History of the County of Somerset, Vol.8, 2004, pp.160–179
  28. ↑ Career of George Templer: Anderson, J.W., biography of Templer, George (?1755–1819), of Shapwick, Som., published in History of Parliament: House of Commons 1790–1820, ed. R. Thorne, 1986
  29. ↑ http://www.templerfamily.co.uk/html/george_templer_of_jungpore.html
  30. ↑ http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/surnames.paul/1829/mb.ashx
  31. ↑ http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/388959.html
  32. ↑ A circumstantial narrative of the loss of the Halsewell, East-Indiaman ...,By Henry Meriton (second mate of the Halsewell.), John Rogers (third mate of the Halsewell.), London, 1786, p.11
  33. ↑ http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/surnames.paul/1829/mb.ashx
  34. ↑ Meriton & Rogers, 1786, p.11; p.68: "The two Miss Pauls were relations to Captain Pierce and daughters of a gentleman of the west of England, beautiful, sensible, amiable..."
  35. ↑ Victoria County History, Volume 8, Somerset, The Poldens and the Levels, ed. Robert Dunning, London, 2004, pp. 42-50, Cossington
  36. ↑ See image
  37. ↑ http://www.templerfamily.co.uk/Templer%20Trees/GEDmill_Output/indiI1467.html
  38. ↑ Will of John Line, Esq., proved 10/5/1777, prob 11/1031, National Archives, Kew
  39. ↑ Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.6, 1822
  40. ↑ Burkes, 1937, p.2217
  41. ↑ Middle name as mentioned in his father's will
  42. ↑ Meriton & Rogers, 1786, p.57
  43. ↑ New York Times, 14/7/1913
  44. ↑ Pevsner, N., The Buildings of England: Devon, London, 2004 ed., p.793
  45. ↑ http://www.ipernity.com/doc/302051/20000415
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