James Wallace (Royal Navy officer)
Sir James Wallace (1731 – 6 March 1803) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He served for a time as a colonial governor.
Career in England
Wallace was born in Loddon Norfolk England in 1731 and was the son of Thomas and Mary (née Beamish) Wallace (married 1725[1]) of Loddon.[2] He had a brother William Wallace (b.1730) and a sister Mary Wallace (b.1727). His grandfather William Wallace was a son of William Wallace (b.1632) a younger brother of Thomas Wallace the 2nd Baronet of Craige. His uncle James Wallace (b.1691 d.1778)reared his illegitimate daughter Frances (b.1751).[3] He entered the Royal Navy in 1746. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1755, and to commander in 1762.
An American Loyalist
Wallace was appointed the Captain of the "Rose" (a 20-gun frigate)in November 1771. In 1774 Wallace set sail in the "Rose" for North America where he was to be now based. He married Anne (or Ann) Wright in 1775 in Georgia. In July 1776 Wallace became the Captain of the Experiment (a 50-gun ship). Wallace was sent to England with the military dispatches in 1777 and was knighted on 13 February 1777.[4]
In 1778 the American rebels seized the British ship "Alert" and quickly outfitting it the American Rebels used it to set fire to two other vessels carrying hay. Wallace came to the rescued with his ship "Experiment" and recaptured the "Alert" and by quick action Wallace saved the ship from being burnt by the rebels.[5] On the 24th of September 1779 Wallace and his ship "Experiment" along with 20 British officers and 30,000 pounds worth of silver were captured by the French off Hilton Head.
The Royal Navy Man of War HMS Experiment had lost her masts and bowsprit in a gale while she was on her way from New York to Savannah...Also on board was Major General Garth, who was supposed to replace Maj. Gen. Augustine Prevost as commander in Savannah...At 3:45 pm, the Experiment spotted three large sails in the distance. Sir James Wallace, the captain of the Experiment, tried to put as much distance between him and the unknown ships as he could. 45 minutes later, two more ships appeared to the west also bearing down on him. At 8 pm that night, the unknown ships hoisted the French colors and closed with the Experiment. The French ship of the line Sagittair gave the Experiment two broadsides. Due to the range, only a few shots reached the Experiment. Capt. Wallace hoisted more sail and put some distance from the Sagittair. At 8:30 pm, Capt. Wallace decided to fight, hoisted his colors, and came to action. In a very short time every single one of the French ships, three ships of the line and two frigates, were within range of the Experiment. After having his masts shot away, Capt. Wallace finally surrendered.[6]
He was taken to France as a prisoner and later returned in February 1780 from France to England.[7]
Life After American Independence
In 1783 Sir James Wallace and his wife Lady Wallace (née Ann Wright (b.1749) daughter of Sir James Wright) along with members of Lady Wallace's family the Wrights were granted land in Jamaica as compensation for their lost estates in America.[8] Lady Wallace (née Ann Wright) should not be confused with another Lady Wallace (née Eglantine Maxwell) who was a literary personality who was married to Sir Thomas Dunlop Wallace. From 1782 he leased Hanworth House where his family lived for some years. Also in 1783 Sir James Wallace was involved in a complicated assault case at which Charles Bourne accused him of assaulting him when they were on a ship the "Warrior" in 1782 on a journey to Jamaica and then in Bath Charles Bourne challenged Sir James Wallace to a duel which Wallace declined.[9]
On 12 April 1794, Wallace was promoted Rear-Admiral and commander-in-chief and governor of Newfoundland. During his governorship Wallace defended the coast of Newfoundland from French privateers. In August 1796 Wallace's leadership successfully defended St. John's against a French squadron of seven ships and three frigates and raised a militia known as Skinner's Fencibles.
He departed Newfoundland in 1797 for England, and left active service. He died in London on 6 March 1803. He is buried at Hanworth with his uncle James Wallace and his supposed younger cousin Frances Grey Wallace the mother of Sir James Wallace Sleigh.[10] Sir James Wallace's will confirmed that his wife was still alive at the time of his death as he mentions her as Lady Ann Wallace and her father as 'Sir James Wright the former governor of Georgia' and Wallace leaves his estate and properties and that coming from her father to her and their daughter Mary Wallace. The will also mentions Frances Sleigh (who is later buried with James and his uncle her presumed father)and her children . It is possible that Frances Gray Wallace(who married William Sleigh) was Admiral James Wallace's illegitimate daughter who was reared by his uncle as his own daughter.[11] In the records of his life he also spent a lot of time with Frances Sleigh and her son Sir James Wallace Sleigh (who became a General and fought with Wellington at Waterloo).
Service history:
- 1746 entered the Royal Navy,
- 1755 promoted to lieutenant,
- 1760 served in the West Indies and Mediterranean,
- 1762 promoted to commander,
- 1763 appointed to the North American station,
- 1771 promoted to captain
- 1774 stationed again in North America in the frigate HMS Rose, service for which he was knighted in 1777,
- 1794 promoted Rear-Admiral of the White,
- 1794 commander-in-chief and governor of Newfoundland,
- 1795 promoted Vice-Admiral of the White,
- 1799 promoted Vice-Admiral of the Red,
- 1801 promoted to Admiral of the Blue,
See also
References
- ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/N2PG-KJQ
- ↑ https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JSMX-D6F
- ↑ http://www.s-george.org.uk/church/brasses
- ↑ Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 59 by John Knox Laughton
- ↑ http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/civil/engineers/engalert.htm
- ↑ http://www.carolana.com/SC/Revolution/revolution_off_hilton_head_1.html
- ↑ http://southwellhistorysociety.co.uk/page11.html
- ↑ http://jamaicanfamilysearch.com/Samples2/Americanloyalists.htm
- ↑ http://books.google.com.au/books/about/The_Trial_of_Lieutenant_Charles_Bourne.html?id=DFEoAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
- ↑ My Life: A Record of Events and Opinions by Alfred Russell Wallace
- ↑ http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/details/D724924?descriptiontype=Full&ref=PROB+11/1389/267
External links
-
"Wallace, James (1731-1803)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. - Biography at Government House The Governorship of Newfoundland and Labrador
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| Preceded by Sir Richard King |
Commodore Governor of Newfoundland 1794–1796 |
Succeeded by William Waldegrave |
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