Chế Mân

Chế Mân, or Jaya Simhavarman III (r. 1288 - 1307), Prince Harijit, son of King Indravarman V^[1]:211 and Queen Gaurendraksmi, was a king of Champa during a time when the threat of the Mongols was imminent. In 1282, Kublai Khan tried to gain passage through Champa of his ambassadors, but Chế Mân took them prisoner. Kublai Khan then asked Annam for entrance into Champa but received the same denial. In 1282, Kublai Khan invaded. Indravarman V and Crown Prince Harijit fled into the mountains, forcing the Mongols to suffer heat, illness, lack of supplies and desertion. The death of the top Mongol leader, Sagatou, was the beginning of the end of the Mongol invasion of Champa and Annam.^[2]:82–87

The mutual struggle against the Mongols brought Annam and Champa closer together. Thus, the Annamese king Tran Anh Tong married off his daughter, Huyen Tran, to Chế Mân in exchange for the provinces of O and Lý. His other "first rank wife", or "first queen", was Princess Bhaskaradevi, though he also married a princess from Java, Queen Tapasi.^{[2]:86–87,205}

However, Chế Mân died soon after and the Princess' refusal to die with her husband was considered a national disgrace to Champa. In response to this, Chế Mân's son, Che Chi, set out to recapture two districts ceded by Champa to Annam. He was defeated, however, and died a prisoner in Annam.^[3]

References

1. Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
2. Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., ISBN 9747534991
3. http://books.google.com/books?id=Jskyi00bspcC