John II, Duke of Bourbon

John II
Duke of Bourbon
John II, Duke of Bourbon, detail of an illumination by Jean Fouquet, Statuts de l'Order de Saint-Michel, 1470. Screen 9/76; see
Spouse(s)	Joan of Valois Catherine of Armagnac Jeanne de Bourbon-Vendôme
Issue John, Count of Clarmont Louis, Count of Clermont
Full name Jean de Bourbon
Father	Charles I, Duke of Bourbon
Mother	Agnes of Burgundy
Born	1426
Died	1 April 1488 Château de Moulins

John de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon (1426 – 1 April 1488, Château de Moulins), sometimes referred to as John the Good and The Scourge of the English, was a son of Charles I of Bourbon and Agnes of Burgundy.^[1] He was Duke of Bourbon and Auvergne from 1456 to his death.^[2]

Life

John earned his nicknames "John the Good" and "The Scourge of the English" for his efforts in helping drive out the English from France.^[1]

He was made constable of France in 1483 by his brother Peter and sister-in-law Anne, to neutralize him as a threat to their regency.

In an effort to win discontented nobles back to his side, Louis XI of France made great efforts to give out magnificent gifts to certain individuals; John was a recipient of these overtures. According to contemporary chronicles, the King received John in Paris with "honours, caresses, pardon, and gifts; everything was lavished upon him".^[3] In further attempts to gain the nobles' favor, the King proposed a match between his eldest legitimized daughter Marguerite to John's eldest illegitimate son Louis de Bourbon. The marriage was celebrated in Paris with royal magnificence and the wedded couple were heaped with honors and wealth by the King.^[3] It has been said despite all of his brilliant marriages, nothing flattered John more than this particular marriage between his natural son and a legitimized daughter of the King.^[3]

John is notable for making three brilliant alliances but leaving no legitimate issue.

First Marriage

In 1447, his father, the Duke of Bourbon, had his heir married to a daughter of Charles VII, King of France, Joan of Valois. They were duly married at the Château de Moulins. They had no surviving issue.

Second marriage

In 1484 at St. Cloud to Catherine of Armagnac, daughter of Jacques of Armagnac, Duke of Nemours, who died in 1487 while giving birth to:

• John of Bourbon (Moulins, 1487 - 1487), styled Count of Clermont

Third marriage

In 1487 he married Jeanne of Bourbon-Vendôme, daughter of John of Bourbon, Count of Vendôme, by whom he had one son:

• Louis of Bourbon (1488 - 1488), styled Count of Clermont

Illegitimate issue

By Louise of Albret (- 8 September 1494), daughter of Jean I of Albret (1425 - 3 January 1468), 15th Lord of Albret, Viscount of Tartas, and wife, as her second husband, Catherine of Rohan, and wife in 1480 of Jacques, Lord of Estouteville (4 December 1448 - 12 March 1489), by whom she had issue:

• Charles, Bastard of Bourbon (- 1502), Viscount of Lavedan jure uxoris, married before 1462 Louise du Lion (- aft. 25 February 1505), Viscountess of Lavedan, and had issue, four sons

By Marguerite de Brunant:

• Mathieu, the Great Bastard of Bourbon (- Château de Chambrou-en-Forez, 19 August 1505), Lord of Botheon and Lord and Baron of La Roche-en-Renier, unmarried and without issue

By unknown women:

• Hector, Bastard of Bourbon (- 1502, bur. Toulouse), 15th Archbishop of Toulouse (1491 - 1502), 17th Bishop of Lavaur (1497 - 1500)
• Peter, Bastard of Bourbon, died young, unmarried and without issue
• Marie, Bastard of Bourbon (- 22 July 1482), married at the Château de Beseneins-en-Dombes in 1470 Jacques de Sainte Colombe, Lord of Thil
• Marguerite, Bastard of Bourbon (1445 - 1482), legitimized in 1464, married in Moulins in 1462 Jean de Ferrières (- 1497)

John II at prayer, wearing the Order of Saint-Michel, from the chapel in the crypt of the Sainte-Chapelle at Bourbon-l'Archambault, attributed to Michel Colombe (Walters Art Museum)

Death and aftermath

John died in 1488 and was succeeded by his younger brother Charles. However, this succession was strongly contested due to the political strength of Peter and Anne. Within a span of days, Charles was forced to renounce his claims to the Bourbon lands to Peter in exchange for a financial settlement. John's widow Jeanne would later remarry to John III, Count of Auvergne and by him she became the mother of Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, the mother of Catherine de Medici.^[4]

Ancestry

Ancestors of John II, Duke of Bourbon

16. Peter I, Duke of Bourbon               8. Louis II, Duke of Bourbon                       17. Isabella of Valois               4. John I, Duke of Bourbon                             18. Beraud II, Dauphin of Auvergne               9. Anna d'Auvergne                       2. Charles I, Duke of Bourbon                                   20. John II of France               10. John, Duke of Berry                       21. Bonne of Bohemia               5. Marie, Duchess of Auvergne                             22. John I of Armagnac               11. Joanna of Armagnac                       23. Beatrice of Clermont               1. John II, Duke of Bourbon                                         24. John II of France               12. Philip II, Duke of Burgundy                       25. Bonne of Bohemia               6. John II, Duke of Burgundy                             26. Louis II of Flanders               13. Margaret III, Countess of Flanders                       27. Margaret of Brabant               3. Agnes of Burgundy                                   28. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor               14. Albert I, Duke of Bavaria                       29. Margaret II, Countess of Hainault               7. Margaret of Bavaria                             30. Ludwik I the Fair               15. Margaret of Brieg                       31. Agnes of Głogów

Notes

1. Bingham (1890), p. 26.
2. de Commynes, Philippe, Jean de Troyes, and Andrew Richard Scoble, The memoirs of Philip de Commines, Lord of Argenton, (George Bell and sons:London, 1906), 9.
3. Bingham (1890), p. 27.
4. Bingham (1890), p. 28.

References

• Bingham, Denis (1890). The Marriages of the Bourbons. New York: Scribner and Welford. ASIN B000V1RCR2.
• de Commynes, Philippe, Jean de Troyes, and Andrew Richard Scoble, The memoirs of Philip de Commines, Lord of Argenton, (George Bell and sons:London, 1906)