Jeep Comanche

Jeep Comanche
Jeep Comanche Pioneer
Overview
Manufacturer	Jeep (American Motors, later Chrysler)
Production	1985[1]–1992
Body and chassis
Class	Compact pickup truck
Body style	2-door truck
Layout	Front engine, rear-wheel and four-wheel drive
Related	Jeep Cherokee
Powertrain
Engine	2.1 L Renault J8S turbo diesel I4 2.5 L (150 CID) AMC 150 I4 2.8 L GM LR2 V6 4.0 L (242 CID) AMC 242 I6
Transmission	4-speed Aisin AX-4 manual 5-speed Aisin AX-5 manual 5-speed Peugeot BA-10/5 manual 5-speed Aisin AX-15 manual 3-speed A904 automatic 4-speed Aisin AW-4 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	113 in (2,870 mm) Short Wheel Base[2] 119.6 in (3,038 mm) Long Wheel Base
Length	194.0 in (4,928 mm)
Width	71.7 in (1,821 mm)
Height	64.7 in (1,643 mm)
Chronology
Predecessor	Jeep CJ-8 (Scrambler)
Successor	Dodge Dakota

The Jeep Comanche (designated MJ) is a pickup truck variant of the Cherokee compact SUV (1984–1996)^[3]) manufactured and marketed by Jeep for model years 1985-1992 in rear wheel (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) models as well as two cargo bed lengths: six-feet (1.83 metres) and seven-feet (2.13 metres).

Introduction

During the mid-1980s, according to AMC chairman W. Paul Tippett Jr.: "People are finding trucks a reasonable and sophisticated alternative to cars."^[4] To satisfy the demand and to compete with Japanese competitors, both AMC and Chrysler were preparing pickups for the 1986 and 1987 model years (respectively).^[4] Also at this time the financial health of AMC was poor and the automaker was in need of cash as it was preparing a new line of midsize vehicles (the Eagle Premier) scheduled to be produced at a factory being built in Canada (Brampton Assembly), but the best thing the company had going for it was its popular line of Jeeps and introducing a compact Jeep pickup truck in the fall of 1985 was expected to help.^[5]

The Jeep Comanche was introduced in mid-August 1985, at a lavish event staged at the ballroom of the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino (currently Bally's Las Vegas) for AMC's over 1,500 North American dealers.^[6] American Motors included Chinese officials as part of the negotiations establishing Beijing Jeep (now Beijing Benz). The goal was to produce and sell Comanches in China through this joint venture.^[6]

The new trucks were unveiled by Jose Dedeurwaerder, an engineer and international business executive with 23 years of experience with Renault, and now appointed as AMC's new president. The base price of the two-wheel drive model was $7,049 (adjusted only for inflation equal to US$15,509 in 2016 dollars^[7]), making it the lowest priced Jeep model for the 1986 model year.^[8]

Design

American Motors' Jeep designers based the Comanche MJ body, styling, engineering, and drivetrain on the Cherokee XJ, which had been introduced for the 1984 model year.^[3] The Comanche had a more conventional removable cargo box and conventional body-frame design. The Rabbit Pickup (Caddy) and Dodge Rampage are technically coupe utilities, not trucks, since the cargo bed is an integral part of the body structure and not removable.

AMC's Jeep engineering staff designed a rail "frame" structure to support the cargo box that was unitized with the front passenger section of a four-door XJ Cherokee. Two cargo bed lengths were used; one for the seven-foot long-bed model, which appeared first in 1985, and a second, shorter version for the six-foot cargo bed, which debuted for the 1987 model year. The "frame" structure (called a "Uniframe" by Jeep) was made up like unitized car body main supports - from stamped sheet metal components spot welded together. For strength, the rails were over eight inches deep (top to bottom), much deeper than conventional midsize truck frames (1983 Jeep J-10 fulls size truck frame is 6.75 inches at the deepest point). This structure was pioneered by AMC for the 1971 "Cowboy" compact pickup prototype.

From 1985 to 1987, the Jeep Comanche grille had ten slots in a similar configuration to the 1984-1987 Cherokee XJ, while from 1988 to 1992, this configuration changed to eight slots to match with the SUV.^[9] A new "4x4" badge, similar to those found on the Cherokee and Wagoneer models, was affixed to the upper rear of the cargo box on all the four-wheel drive models.^[1]

After the Chrysler buyout of American Motors for $1.5 billion on March 9, 1987, designed to capture "the highly profitable Jeep vehicles ... and 1,400 additional dealers"^[10] the Jeep Comanche, like the similar Cherokee, received only minor changes. These were primarily to improve reliability and parts interchangeability with other Chrysler-built vehicles.

Suspension

Jeep Comanche Pioneer

Jeep Comanche Chief with aftermarket modifications

The Comanche uses the compact XJ Cherokee's front suspension, with coil springs and upper and lower control arms. The Cherokee and Comanche were the first Jeeps to use this new "Quadra-Link" suspension. It was argued that the coil springs allowed for greater ride comfort and axle articulation during off-road excursions. A track bar (Panhard rod) is used to keep the axle centered under the truck. Modified versions of this same basic suspension system were later used on the 1993-2004 Grand Cherokee, 1997 and newer TJ Wranglers and 1994 and newer Dodge Rams.

For the rear suspension, the truck uses leaf springs that are considerably longer than the Cherokee's, which give Comanches good load-carrying capacity without creating a hard ride. The standard rear axle is the same Dana 35 used in the Cherokee, except that the Comanche mounts the leaf springs underneath the axle, as do most other trucks, and the Cherokee mounts them on top of the axle. There was also a heavy duty "Big Ton" package (known as the "Metric Ton" package outside the U.S.) for the long-bed models. The package included heavier-duty leaf springs and wheels, larger tires and upgraded the rear axle to a Dana 44, which increased the stock payload (cargo) capacity from 1,400 to 2,205 pounds (635 to 1,000 kg), well above that of any other mid-size truck. The Big or Metric Ton Comanche's payload rating was higher than that of many full-size pickups.

Drivetrain

The inaugural 1986 model year Comanches could be equipped with one of three engines. The AMC 150 2.5 L, 150 CID I4, The General Motors LR2 2.8 L V6, or the Renault 2.1 L I4 turbo diesel were all offered from the start.^[3]

The V6 engine, which was the same basic unit used in the first generation Chevrolet S-10, had 7 hp (5 kW; 7 PS) less than the base four-cylinder, only slightly more torque, and was equipped with a two-barrel carburetor instead of the four-cylinder's electronic TBI fuel injection.

Changes to the engine lineup happened in the truck's second year on the market. For 1987, the 2.8 L V6 was replaced by the new fuel-injected 4.0 L, 242 CID AMC 242 inline-six that delivered 173 hp (129 kW; 175 PS), or 63 more hp than the previously outsourced V6.^[11] The new six-cylinder was also more fuel-efficient. The slow-selling turbodiesel was dropped during the model year.

Other changes under the hood occurred in 1991, when Chrysler adopted their own engine control electronics to replace the original Renix systems. One effect of this change was that the 4.0 L, 242 CID, I-6 engine gained 17 hp (to 190 hp (142 kW; 193 PS), having already gained 4 hp (3 kW; 4 PS) in 1988), while the 2.5 L, 150 CID, I4 engine jumped from 117 hp (87 kW; 119 PS) to 130 hp (97 kW; 132 PS).

During the production life of the Comanche, six different transmissions were offered, manufactured by Aisin, Chrysler, and Peugeot. Aisin provided the AX-4 (four-speed), AX-5 and AX-15 (five-speed overdrive) manual transmissions, along with the AW-4 four-speed automatic that was used beginning in 1987. This is the same Warner transmission used in early- to mid-1990s Toyota 4Runners with the 3.0 and some 22re 4wd. The AX-15 was phased in to replace the Peugeot BA-10 five-speed that had been used from 1987 until mid-1988 behind the 4.0 L I6 engine. The Comanche came equipped with a weight sensing rear brake proportioning valve.

Although Chrysler purchased AMC in 1987, only one Chrysler transmission was ever used in the Comanche, and that was prior to the takeover. 1986 models equipped with the 2.5 L I4 or 2.8 L V6 were offered with Chrysler's three-speed TorqueFlite A904 automatic.^[3] Throughout the Comanche's production run, Chrysler would continue AMC's practice of purchasing Aisin automatic transmissions.

Trims

1988 Jeep Comanche Laredo 4.0 L longbed with aftermarket modifications

By model year availability:

• 1986 - Custom- The most basic Comanche trim that could be ordered.
• 1986 - X- One of them more "basic" trims of the Comanche.
• 1986 - XLS- A "step-up" version of the more "basic" Comanche trims.
• 1987-1992 - Base (SporTruck)- Became the most basic trim of the Comanche after 1986.
• 1988- Olympic Edition- Based on the Pioneer trim to commemorate the 1988 Summer Olympics and Team U.S.A. .
• 1987-1988 - Chief- Added more standard equipment to the base-level Comanche trims.
• 1987-1990 - Laredo- The top-of-the-line and most "up-level" trim on the Comanche.
• 1987-1992 - Pioneer- A "step-up" version of the base Comanche trim.
• 1988-1992 - Eliminator- The "sporty" Comanche trim.

Phaseout

The decision to phase out the Jeep Comanche "came from a combination of two factors— low sales and Chrysler's attempts to make the Jeep brand fit into the Chrysler hierarchy of Plymouth, Dodge, and Chrysler models" with Jeep housing SUVs and Dodge making trucks.^[12]

As sales dropped, the Comanche was planned for discontinuation. In 1990, the National Council of Jeep-Eagle dealers asked Chrysler to discontinue the Comanche, and allow them to sell a version of the Dodge Dakota pickup.^[13]

The company decided to cease production of the Comanche on June 12, 1992, after only a few thousand more trucks rolled off the Toledo, Ohio assembly line.^[14] A total of 190,446 Comanches were made during its production run.^[15]

References

1. Ackerson, Robert C. (1993). Standard catalog of 4 x 4's. Krause Publications. p. 458. ISBN 978-0-87341-203-2. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
2. http://www.comanchemj.1hwy.com/photo6.html
3. Ross, Daniel Charles (October 1985). "Detroit Listening Post". Popular Mechanics 161 (10): 42. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
4. Taylor III, Alexander L.; Witteman, Paul A.; Grant, Meg (17 December 1984). "Pickups Make a Haul". Time. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
5. "Autos: Expensive, Old and Inefficient". Time. 3 June 1985. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
6. Mann, Jim (1997). Beijing Jeep: a case study of Western business in China. Westview Press. pp. 13–15. ISBN 978-0-8133-3327-4. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
7. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
8. Foster, Patrick R. (2004). The Story of Jeep. KP Books. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-87349-735-0. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
9. Bureau of National Affairs (2003). "AM General Corp v. DaimlerChrysler". The United States patents quarterly. Associated Industry Publications. p. 1015.
10. Holusha, John (10 March 1987). "Chrysler is Buying American Motors; Cost is $1.5 billion". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
11. "New Fuel-Injected Engine Adds Power to Jeep Models". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 21 October 1986. p. 5F. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
12. Statham, Steve (2002). Jeep Color History. MBI Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-7603-0636-9. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
13. Lane, Tahree (2 July 1990). "Baker's job is to keep Jeep 'King of the Hill'". Toledo Blade. p. 20. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
14. "Chrysler to end production of Jeep Comanche". The New York Times. 6 June 1992. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
15. Kurt, Ernst (December 23, 2013). "Lost Cars of the 1980s – Jeep Comanche Pickup". Hemmings Daily. Hemmings Motor News. Retrieved December 25, 2013.

External links

• ComancheClub Site dedicated to Jeep MJs
• Jeep Comanche at the Internet Movie Cars Database