Jenkins (name)

Jenkins
Family name
Pronunciation Jen-kins & Jon-kins
Meaning diminutive of John with Dutch (Flemish) influence becoming "Little John"
Related names Jenkin, Jenken, Jankin, Siencyn
Footnotes: [1]

Jenkins is a surname that originated in Cornwall, England, but came to be popular in southern Wales. The name "Jenkin" originally meant "little John" or "son of John". The "kin" portion is of Dutch origin (-kijn), which then gained a certain popularity in England.

History

As a forename

Jen/Jean (pronounced "Jon") is a diminutive of Jehan/Jehannes (John/Johan)[2] followed by kin/ken[3] meaning 'little', giving Jenkin or Jenken.[4] The first use of the name "Jenkins" or "Jenkens" in England occurred as early as 1086 as a diminutive of the English form of John.[5][6] It was often translated (a loan word) from the Flemish/French as "John the younger" or seen as "John Jenken" and incorrectly, but frequently referred as "Little John." The non-diminutive Jehan/Jehannes (pronounced "Jo-han/Jon-han-es") was also translated into English as John. When Jen/Jean and Jehan/Jehannes is seen, it is not reflective of birth order. Jehan/Jehannes is listed as "John the elder" in English, but never translated or seen as "Big John."[6]

In early English history, confusion can arise when the sire is listed as John, a son is John (the elder) and another son is John (the younger).[7] Then it was a direct reference to the name John in the formal and diminutive forms and not associated with birth order. Today, the term "John, Senior" is sometimes used for the father, distinguishing him from "John, Junior" or a numeric designation (e.g., "II"). "Jon" the phonetic of John is sometimes seen but only in males as is the diminutive nickname of "Johnny." The French male name "Jean", formerly pronounced "Jon", has not been common in English usage as a male name, but has been associated as a female name (pronounced as Gene) since the 16th century.[8] For more information see: Jean#Limburgish

As a surname

Jenkins is a surname variant of Jenkin commonly seen in Cornish and in English (mainly Devon) ancestry. Its translation is "Little John" or, more literally, "John the little." Its earliest documented occurrence was in Monmouthshire, in the Domesday Book of 1086, but it almost certainly predates the Norman Conquest.[8] Jenkin(s) is unique in being a double diminutive as a surname since it was once a primary forename. A Jenkin son of Jenkin would be Jenkin Jenkin which was sensibly made into just Jenkins.[9]

A common English use, leading to use as a surname, may have been the now-obsolete "little Johns", a 12th-century term for the Cornish (and later Welsh) people, either alluding to their comparatively small stature or, more likely, classing them as illegitimate offspring of the unpopular King John of England, who was previously the Earl of Cornwall and Gloucester.[8]

A Welsh form of the name is Siencyn. "Jenkin" or "Jenkins" and variants should not be construed as shortened forms of "Jenkinson", which denotes "the son of little John."[8][10]

Spelling variations

Variations of the name Jenkins have included:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Surname Map for Jenkins in Britain, Ireland and Mann". Celtic Family Maps.
  2. ↑ Johannes to John http://www.behindthename.com/name/john
  3. ↑ -kin (now archaic) diminutive form http://www.dailywritingtips.com/50-diminutive-suffixes-and-a-cute-little-prefix/ - See also: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-kin#Etymology_2
  4. ↑ Probably derived from Johannes, Latin and Germanic rendering of the biblical name John. See Arthur, William An Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names With an Essay on their Derivation and Import Sheldon, Blake, Bleeker & CO., New York 1857
  5. ↑ Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4
  6. 1 2 About the Jenkins' Family Name: http://www.djenkins.org/blog/?page_id=45
  7. ↑  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "John". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Klaus P. Schneider, Diminutives in English, Max Niemeyer Verlag 2003. ISBN 3484304790
  9. ↑ DataWales on Jenkins - http://www.data-wales.co.uk/jenkins.htm
  10. ↑ Select Jenkins Surname Genealogy - Jenkins and Siencyn http://www.selectsurnames2.com/jenkins.html
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