Jeonju Hanok Village

Jeonju Hanok Village
전주한옥마을
village

Eunhaeng-ro
Website tour.jeonju.go.kr

Jeonju Hanok Village is located in the city of Jeonju(Jeollabuk-do Province In South Korea) and overlaps Pungnam-dong and Gyo-dong. In this village, more than 800 Korean traditional houses which is called 'Hanok' is concentrated here.[1] This place is famous for Koreans and travelers because it retains original Korean traditions among the industrialized modern city where past and the present coexist in harmony. Jeonju Hanok Village designated as an International Slow City in 2010 in recognition of its relaxed pace of life where traditional culture and the natural environment mix perfectly.[2] The number of visitors to Jeonju Hanok Village has sharply increased since the 2000s. In 2014, visitors number have more than doubled to 7.89 million compared to 3.17 million in 2007. Jeonju government are expecting about 8.37 million visitors In 2015. Except Seoul, Jeonju is ranked 3rd in major tourist city throughout South Korea, behind Jeju and Busan.[3]

History

View of Jeonju Hanok Villiage

The City of Jeonju has played a key role in the long history of Korea. Located in the fertile Honam plain, Jeonju has been an important regional center in the province for centuries. Once, the city was the capital of Hubaekje Kingdom, which was founded by Gyeon Hwon in the 900's.[4] The city was regarded as the spiritual capital of the Joseon Dynasty because the Yi royal family originated there. In the Joseon Dynasty, Jeonju city governed not just Jeolla-do area but also Jeju Island, which was considered as the central place of administration. That's why this city is called 'the ground of more than 1000 years history'.[4]

Historically, people have lived here for a long time, estimated to more than 10,000 years ago. At first, people lived around the foot of a mountain. After that, in the Silla kingdom, people moved into flat land. People in Jeonju city started to construct Jeonju Fortress. Around the fortress, many villages formed naturally. These villages were the beginning of Hanok village today. At first When the village formed the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905, Japanese merchants came into the fortress, kicking local people outside. The Hanok Village was created by people who gathered together to live against the Japanese people who wanted to destroy the Jeonju fortress and invade the residential area during this time. Consisted of Yangban(the nobility in Joseon Dynasty) with conflict toward Japanese housing style and national pride, they started to establish Hanok village all over Pungnam-dong and Gyo-dong districts. That's what we can see Jeonju Hanok Village at the moment.[5]

Attraction

Jeondong Cathedral

Jeondong Cathedral

Jeondong Catholic Church in Jeonju (Historic Site No. 288) was completed in 1914 and was designed by Priest Poinel, who also designed the famous Myeongdong Cathedral in Seoul. It is the largest and oldest western-style structure in the Jeollanamdo and Jeollabukdo provinces. This church was built in the place where the first Catholic martyr,Yun Ji-chung(1759-1791),died.[6] It is one of the three South Korea's Catholic Church including Myeongdong Cathedral in Seoul and Gyesan Catholic Church in Daegu, which can figure out the early history of Catholic in Korea. The architecture of the Jeondong Cathedral is a mixture of Romanesque and Byzantine style, which is considered one of the most beautiful building in Korea.[7]

Omokdae

Omokdae

Located east side of Hanok maeul, It's the place where Lee Seonggae who founded Joseon Dynasty, threw outdoor banquet in Jeonju when they were returning to Gaegyeong in triumph with victory over Japanese invaders at Hwangsan Mt.[8] It is in high place, good to overlook the surrounding scenery. Many tourists start their journey from here.[9]

Daeseongjeon (shrine hall) at the Jeonju Hyanggyo

Jeonju Hyanggyo

Hyanggyo is the confucian temple and school to teach local students in the Joseon Dynasty period. It was built by the King of Gongmin in 1354, Goryeo Dynasty at first. It was established at the Gyeonggijeon Shrine site in Jeonju, Korea however it was relocated 2 times after two wars. The Jeonju Hyanggyo employees the less conventional style of being placed on level ground.[10] The memorial enshrinement area centers on the Daeseongjeon (Confucian shrine hall) in the front, while the educational area centers on the Myeongyundang (lecture hall) that is located the rear. This is an unusual configuration for a hyanggyo. In all, there are a total of 99 rooms at the Jeonju Hyanggyo.[11] The Jeonju Hyanggyo is a designated historical treasure #379.[10]

Gyeonggijeon

Inside of the Gyeonggijeon

Gyeonggijeon is the place where the portrait of Lee Seonggae is enshrined. It was built in 1410 the 10th year of King Taejong.[12] Gyoenggijueon is designated as the private historical landmark of Korea #339. There is the portrait of Lee Seonggae designated as a national treasure #317.[13] Gyeonggijeon is located in front of the Jeonju Hanok Village so visitors easily visit the Gyeonggijeon at first. Actually the size of Gyeonggijeon was larger than now. However, west site of Gyeonggijeon and annex have been demolihsed for Japanese elementary school at the time under the rule of Japanese imperialism.[14] The remaining building is only a simple structure that connects outer and inner gates.

Pungnammun Gate

Pungnammun Gate

Pungnammun gate is the south gate of the castle that enclosed the Jeongju at the Joseon Dynasty. It is the only remaining gate after the castle was demolished. Pungnammun gate is designated as a national treasure #308 on 21 January 1963.[15] Jeonju was the provincial governor capital of Joseon Dynasty. So, from early on Joseon Dynasty, there was a castle enclosing the city. It has 4 gates from all directions, however, all of them have already been demolished in 30th year of Seonjo(1597) Jeongyujaeran.[16] After 1978 for 3 years of repair work of Pungnammun gate, it returned to its old form again. The column arrangement of the building is very rare style of Korean-styel builiding, especially the upper story of a castle gate.[17]

Cultural facilities

Jeonju Traditional Cultural Center

Jeonju Traditional Cultural Center is a cultural center that visitors and citizens of Jeonju can participate in the traditional wedding ceremony experience, play, educational experience, and traditional food experience. There are various programs that visitors can participate in, so it is better to book the experience programs.[18]

Jeonju Crafts Exhibition Hall

The crafts exhibition hall that is located in Jeonju Hanok Village is divided into 3 parts; exhibition hall, experience hall, and shopping mall. Visitors can attend the craft exhibition event at Exhibition hall and they also can participate in some craft experience programs. It is possible to buy some crafts at the shopping mall. Jeonju Crafts Exhibition Hall is run by Jeunju University and the running time is 10 am ~ 6 pm(7 pm for the summer season).[19]

Jeonju Hanok Living Experience Center (Sehwagwan)

Jeongju Hanok Living Experience Center is the traditional hanok building with the main building, the detached house, servants' quarters, courtyard, and the detached courtyard like Yangban house. Visitors can experience personally the Korean traditional life style and Korean traditional accommodation facility.[20]

Jeonju Traditional Wine Museum

The wine museum opened in 2002 to introduce and reenact the traditional home-brewed liquor. The traditional home-brewed liquor culture originated from each house-family to brew their own rice wine or alcoholic beverages and also to hold a memorial service for ancestors and entertain companies with wine. However, this culture has been stopped because of the Japanese Liquor Tax Act. Jeonju Traditional Wine Museum offers the educational class for home-brewed liquor, research business that is related with home-brewed liquor, and various experience programs. Opening hours is from 9 am to 6 pm and free admission fee.[21]

Traditional Hanji(Korean Paper) Center

Traditional Hanji(Korean Paper) is reproduced with Hanji product techniques at the traditional Hanji Center. Hanji is the name of traditional handmade paper from Korea Center and produce the real traditional Hanji and 80% of product export to Japan. The rest sold in Korea. Visitors can experience various programs that make Hanji, design pattern to Hanji and Hanji producing process.[22]

Controversy

As Jeonju Hanok maeul gets more famous, it has brought many changes. Meanwhile, it's caused many controversy in various areas.

Commercialization

A long line of stores in Jeonju Hanok maeul

This area has been criticized as extinction of traditional culture due to relentless pursuit of economic gain. Visiting more than 6 million people, commercial facilities in Jeonju Hanok maeul has sharply increased over the last two years. more than 100 commercial facilities has been increased(506 facilities reported in total), while a quarter of this area is used as living space.[23] Especially, business of Food, beverage and accommodation is distinctive. Over 50% of commercial facilities here opened after 2013 and has increasing consistently. At the same time, traditional tea house has decreased 6 from 10. Places for handicraft workshop which is experience-oriented spaces has been replaced to modern souvenir shops.[24] One of the main reason of these phenomenon is because the majority are the twenties, which means many facilities has been reorganized towards the twenties. It is also linked with increasing sale of modern souvenir shops. It's all the rage among young people that hanging around dressed with Korean traditional clothes, Hanbok, and looking for ornaments and daily supplies.[25] The other problem of this commercialization is that everything is overpriced. There are many kinds of tasty dishes in Jeonju but they are facing criticism for overpriced dishes such as Jenju bibimbap, tteok-galbi, Kong-namul-gukbap, etc. In this area, the situation of street food is not that different. For few years, many street food has opened such as skewered food, dumping, beer, etc. and they are expensive compared with other places outside Hanok maeul. Accommodation facilities is in the same situation. Room charges is comparatively highly priced because of overcoming of visitors in comparison with the number of accommodation facilities.[26] People are arguing between commercialization and preserving the tradition. They contend Jeonju Hanok maeul has to be developed in the long term point of view.[27]

Media

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Jeonju Hanok Village [Slow City]". 대한민국구석구석 행복여행(happy travel in Korea). 한국관광공사(Korean Tourism Organization).
  2. ↑ "A trip to Jeonju Hanok Village". Stripes.Korea. 2014-08-29.
  3. ↑ "한옥마을 보러 연 800만명 북적…'4대 관광도시'로 뜬 전주 (8 millions visitors are coming to Jeonju for Jeonju Hanok Village... rising one of the four touring city)". 한국경제(hankyung). 2015-11-07.
  4. 1 2 "Jeonju City Tourism". Jeonju City Tourism. Jeonju City Tourism.
  5. ↑ "여행이 있는 면횟길<24>전주 한옥마을". Kookbang.dema.mil.kr. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  6. ↑ 대한민국 3대 성당 천주교 전동 성당(South Korea's Three Catholic Cathedral, Jeondong Cathedral), 《NEWSIS》, 2010.10.23.
  7. ↑ "우리나라 가톨릭 초기 역사를 볼 수 있는 '전동성당' ('Jeondong Cathedra, which can figure out early history of Catholic in Korea)". 시선뉴스(SISUN NEW). 2015-08-19.
  8. ↑ "Local Cultural Assets - Home Culture Cultural Heritages". Asiart Jeonju.
  9. ↑ "Omokdae & Imokdae". Visit Korea.
  10. 1 2 "Jeonjuhyanggyo Confucian School (전주향교) - Official Korea Tourism Organization". Visitkorea.or.kr. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  11. ↑
  12. ↑ Kim, Minhwa (2015-11-13). "`육룡이 나르샤` 태조 이성계의 영정이 봉안된 `전주 경기전`(Enshrinement of portrait of King Taejo, Gyeonggijeon in Jeonju)". Edaily News. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  13. ↑ Lee, Jonggeun (2015-11-04). "Portrait of King Taejo at Gyeonggijeon". sjbnews.
  14. ↑ Kim, Saehee (2015-12-01). "Gyeonggijeon of Jeonju Hanok Village". Maeil News.
  15. ↑ Cho, Seokchang (2014-08-28). "아픈 역사 이겨낸 한옥마을 속 조선 왕조의 뿌리(The root of Joseon Kings in Hanok Village)". 새전북뉴스(SjbNews).
  16. ↑ Bae, Jungkyu (2015-12-13). "과거로 시간 여행...전주 한옥마을 '북적'(Time travel to the past, crowded at Jeonju Hanok Village)". YTN. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
  17. ↑ Kim, Sungho (2006-07-10). "김성호기자의 종교건축 이야기(The religion architecture story of reporter Kim Sungho)". 서울신문(Seoul News). Retrieved 2006-07-10.
  18. ↑ "전주전통문화관(Jeonju Traditional Cultural Center)". Jt.or.kr. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  19. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20150919014103/http://hanji.phoill.co.kr/main/main.php. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ "전주한옥생활체험관 - 문화의 향기가 살아숨쉬는 세화관입니다". Jjhanok.com. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
  21. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20140802132002/http://www.urisul.net/. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ↑ "한지 전문쇼핑몰 전주전통한지원". Hanzi.co.kr. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
  23. ↑ "전주한옥마을 최근 2년새 상업화 급격한 진행(processing rapid commercialization in Jeonju Hanok maeul over last two years)". 전민일보(Jeonmin ilbo). 2015-11-08.
  24. ↑ "전통 위협받는 전주한옥마을, 상업화 '몸살'(Jeonju Hanok maeul threatened by commercialization)". 새전북신문(sjbnews). 2015-11-08. Retrieved 2015-11-08.
  25. ↑ "전주한옥마을, 20대 젊은 층 타깃으로 재편(Jeonju Hanok maeul, reorganizes toward the twenties)". 전북도민일보(Jeonbukdomin ilbo). 전북도민일보(Jeonbukdomin ilbo). 2015-11-05.
  26. ↑ "전주한옥마을 음식값 너무 비싸다(Prices for food in Jeonju Hanok maeul too expensive)". 경향신문(The Kyunghyang Shinmun). 2015-02-26.
  27. ↑ "전주한옥 마을 위기냐, 기회냐(Jeonju Hanok Village, opportunity or crisis?)". 새전북신문(sjbnews). 2015-05-18.

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