Abdul-Qadir Gilani

Shaykh

Abdul Qadir, Al Jilani, Muhyi'd-Diin, Sultaan al-Awliyaa

[1]
Full Name Al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir Al-Jilani Al-Hasani Wal-Hussaini
Born 1 Ramadan 470 AH[2] or Saturday March 17, 1078[3]
Jurisprudence Hanbali[4][5]
Birthplace Gilan, Tabarestan, Persia[6]
Died 11th Rabi Ak-Akhar 561 AH
≈ Monday 14 February 1166 CE[7][8]
Place of Burial Tomb Of Abdul Qadir, Baghdad, Iraq
Father Abu Salih Musa al-Hasani
Mother Ummul Khair Fatima
Spouse(s) • Madina
• Sadiqa
• Mu'minah
• Mahboobah
Son(s) • Abdul Razzaq Jilani
• Saifuddin
• Sharfuddin
• Abu Bakr
• Sirajuddin
• Yahya
• Musa
• Muhammad
• Ibrahim
• Abdullah
• Abdul Wahhab Jilani
• Abu Naser Musa
Descendants Sheikh
Other Titles • Shaykh
("Leader")
• Abd al-Qadir
("Servant of the All-Powerful")
• Al-Jilani
("One Who Is from Gilan")
• Muhyi’d-Din
("Reviver of the Religion")
• Abu Muhammad
("Father of Muhammad")
• Al-Ghawth al-A'zam
• ("The Supreme Helper")
• Sultan al-Awliya
("The King of the Saints")
• Al-Hasani Al-Husaini
("The descendant of both Imam al-Hasan and Imam al-Husain)

Hazrat Syed Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (Arabic: عبدالقادر الجيلاني‎; Persian: عبدالقادر گیلانی‎‎, Turkish: Abdülkâdir Geylânî, Kurdish: Evdilqadirê Geylanî‎, Sorani Kurdish: عه‌بدوالقادری گه‌یلانی[9]) Al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir Al-Jilani Al-Hasani Wal-Hussaini (born 29 Shabaan, 470 Hijri, in the town of Na'if), district of Gilan-e Gharb (The capital city of Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran.), Persia,oar Gilan Al-Mada'in, Iraq died 11 Rabi Al-Akhar 561 AH (Monday 14 February 1166 C.E), in Baghdad,[10] (1077–1166 CE), was a Persian[11] Hanbali Sunni[4][5] jurist and Sufi based in Baghdad. The Qadiriyya are the Sufi order founded by him, based on his name.

Family

Al-Gilani was born around 1077 in Persia.[nb 1][12] Al-Gilani's father, Abu Salih Musa al-Hasani, was a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali, (Imam Hasan). Hasan was the eldest son of Ali and Fatimah. Ali was Muhammad's son-in-law and also cousin and Fatima was Muhammad's daughter. Al-Gilani's mother was the daughter of Abdullah Sawmai, a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, the younger son of Ali and Fatima. Thus, Al-Gilani was both a Hasani and Hussaini Sayyid.

Name

Within Al-Gilani's full name, Al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir Al-Jilani Al-Hasani Wal-Hussaini, the word Sayyid denotes his descent from Muhammad.[13] The name Muhiyudin describes him as a "reviver of religion".[14] The phrase, al-Jilani refers to Al Gilani's place of birth.[15][16] However, Al-Gilani also carried the epithet, al-Baghdadi.[17][18][19] referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad. The phrase al-Hasani wal-Hussaini affirms his lineal descent from both Hasan ibn Ali and Hussein ibn Ali, the grandsons of Muhammad.[20][21] Describing Al Gilani with the phrase 'Najib al-tarafayn Sayyid' indicates that both his mother and father were of apostolic lineage.[22]

Paternal heritage

Al Gilani's father was a Syed.[23][24] He was respected as a saint by the people of his day, and was known as "Jangi Dost", (one who loves God), thus "Jangidost" was his sobriquet.[25][26][27]

Education

Al Gilani spent his early life in Na'if, the town of his birth. In 1095, at the age of eighteen years, he went to Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law [28] under Qadi Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak al-Mukharrimi and Ibn Aqil.[29] He was given lessons on Hadith by Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[29] In Tasawwuf, his spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[30] (A detailed description of his various teachers and subjects are included below). After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq.[31]

Education in Baghdad

At the age of 18, Al Gilani went to Baghdad to study Hanbalite Law.

The Incident of Dacoits

While sending him to Baghdad, his mother sewed 40 gold coins in his quilt. The dacoits struck the caravan on the way, and looted all the travelers of their belongings. They asked him what he had. He told them about the coins. They considered it a joke and took him to their chief, who asked him the same question and he again replied that he had 40 gold coins. He asked him to show the coins, upon which he tore open the quilt and produced the gold coins. He was surprised and asked him why he had given the hidden gold coins when he could have kept them hidden. Young Abdul Qadir Jilani replied that he was traveling to Baghdad to receive education and his mother had instructed him to speak the truth. This left a deep effect on the chief of the dacoits and he gave up looting and accepted Islam.[32]

Subject Shaykh (Teacher)
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Ibn Aqil al-Hanbali
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Abu Al Hasan Muhammad ibn Qazi Abu Yali
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Abu Al Khatab Mahfuz Hanbali
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Muhammad ibn Al Husnayn
Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
Tasawwuf (Sufism) Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi

Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas

Abu Zakariay ibn Yahya ibn Ali Al Tabrezi

Hadith Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar
Hadith Muhammad Ibn Al Hasan Baqalai Abu Sayeed

Muhammad ibn Abdul Kareem

Hadith Abu Al Ghanaem Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ali Ibn Maymoon Al Farsi
Hadith Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn Al Muzaffar
Hadith Abu Jafer Ibn Ahmad Ibn Al Hussain Al Qari
Hadith Abu Al Qasim Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Banaan Al Karkhi
Hadith Abu Talib Abdul Qadri Ibn Muhammad Yusuf
Hadith Abdul Rahman Ibn Ahmad Abu Al Barkat Hibtaallah Ibn Al Mubarak
Hadith Abu Al Nasr Ibn Il Mukhtar
Hadith Abu Nasr Muhammad
Hadith Abu Ghalib Ahmad
Hadith Abu Abdullah Aulad Ali Al Bana
Hadith Abu Al Hasan Al Mubarak Ibn Al Teyvari
Hadith Abu Mansur Abdurahman Al Taqrar

[33]

Later life

In 1127, Al Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public.[12] He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher, al-Mukharrimii, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Qur'an. He was said to have been a convincing preacher and converted numerous Jews and Christians. His strength came in the reconciling of the mystical nature of the Sufi and strict nature of the Qur'an.[12]

Death and burial

Al Gilani died in the evening of Monday 14 February 1166 C.E ( 11th Rabi Al-Akhar 561 AH) at the age of ninety one years (by the Hijri calendar).[10] His body was entombed in a shrine within his madrassa in Babul-Sheikh, Resafa (East bank of the Tigris) in Baghdad, Iraq.[34][35][36] During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed,[37] however in 1535 the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman had a turba (dome) built over the shrine, which exists to this day.[38]

Tomb Of Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Baghdad, Iraq.

Books

See also

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ There is uncertainty as to the year of his birth; some sources say 1077, others 1078.

References

  1. ↑ www.al-baz.com, www.al-baz.com. "Titles". www.al-baz.com.
  2. ↑ "Birth Date".
  3. ↑ "Birth Hijri and Gregorian Year".
  4. 1 2 John Renard, The A to Z of Sufism. p 142. ISBN 081086343X
  5. 1 2 Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 288. ISBN 1438126964
  6. ↑ "Birth Place".
  7. ↑ Shad, Abdur Rahman. Ali Al-Murtaza. Kazi Publications; 1978 1st Edition. Mohiyuddin, Dr. Ata. Ali The Superman. Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers; 1980 1st Edition. Lalljee, Yousuf N. Ali The Magnificent. Ansariyan Publications; Jan 1981 1st Edition.
  8. ↑ "Hijri Date".
  9. ↑ "Names".
  10. 1 2 The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah.
  11. ↑ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69.
  12. 1 2 3 "'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2010. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  13. ↑ Muslim communities of grace: the Sufi brotherhoods in Islamic religious life pg 94, Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. Columbia University Press. (2007). ISBN 978-0-231-14330-1.
  14. ↑ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).
  15. ↑ Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  16. ↑ The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32. Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Press US, (1998), "The Hanafi Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two."
  17. ↑ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999. ISBN 0-19-564862-5 ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.
  18. ↑ Cultural and religious heritage of India: Islam pg 321. Sharma, Suresh K. (2004)
  19. ↑ Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  20. ↑ Biographical encyclopaedia of sufis: central asia and middle east, pg 123, Vol 2. Hanif N. Sarup and Sons. (2002) ISBN 81-7625-266-2, 9788176252669.
  21. ↑ The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace pg 176. Mowla, Khondakar G. (1998).
  22. ↑ Burton R.F. "Arabian Nights" Volume 5 Chapter 61 Footnote 466.
  23. ↑ Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. p 177. Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975)
  24. ↑ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, pg 19, Riyāz Qādrī, Muhammad. Abassi publications, University of Michigan (2000).
  25. ↑ Sulook organisation website.
  26. ↑ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 27, Khān, Muhammad Fādil and Ahmad, Faid. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad. (1997)
  27. ↑ Encyclopaedia of Sufism, volume 1, Kahn, Masood Ali and Ram, S.
  28. ↑ Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p 4. ISBN 1438126964
  29. 1 2 Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1960]. Encyclopaedia of Islam (New Edition). Volume I (A-B). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN 9004081143.
  30. ↑ Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World, p 243. ISBN 0195305035
  31. ↑ Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160. ISBN 0199757267
  32. ↑ "AwliyasWorld".
  33. ↑ Akbar, pg.11 Al Haqq, Abd. and Ghunyat al-talibeen (Wealth for Seekers) pg. 12 Urdu version
  34. ↑ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), parts one and two in arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  35. ↑ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion) with introduction by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Al-Kilani, Majid , al-Tariqat, 'Ursan, and al-Qadiriyah, Nash'at
  36. ↑ The Qadirya shrine, Baghdad.
  37. ↑ A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 903.
  38. ↑ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani,The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 70.
  39. ↑ -Abdul Qadir Jilani, Shaikh Mohiuddin. Sirr-ul-Asrar wa Mazhar-ul-Anwar.
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