Jingnan

Jingnan (simplified Chinese: è†å—; traditional Chinese: èŠå—; pinyin: JÄ«ngnÃ¡n) (also called Nanping (å—å¹³)) was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created in 924, marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907-960).

Founding

Gao Jichang, also known as Gao Jixing (é«˜å£èˆˆ), was appointed the regional military governor of Jiangling in 907 by the Later Liang, which took over northern China in the wake of the Tang Dynasty. He declared the foundation of the Kingdom of Jingnan (or Nanping) in 924 after the Later Liang fell to the Later Tang.

Territorial Extent

Jingnan was the smallest of the longer-lived southern kingdoms. Its capital was Jiangling, and in addition to the capital, it held two neighboring districts on the Yangtze River southwest of present-day Wuhan. In addition to bordering the succession of five dynasties beginning with the Later Tang, it also shared borders with the Chu kingdom to the south, though that was replaced by the Southern Tang when it absorbed the kingdom in 951. It was also bordered by the Later Shu on the west after it was formed in 934.

Importance

Jingnan was a small and weak state, and in many ways was vulnerable to its larger, more powerful neighbors. As such, the court placed great importance in maintaining proper relations with the succession of dynasties that ruled northern China. However, because of its location, Jingnan was a central hub in trade, a feature that protected it from invasion.

Fall of the Kingdom

The Song Dynasty was formed in 960, ending the Five Dynasties period in the north, and though that is the date traditionally used to denote the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, many kingdoms in the south maintained their independence for nearly two decades after the rise of the Song Dynasty. However, due to its size and location, Jingnan was the first of the kingdoms to succumb to the Song Dynasty, surrendering when armies from the north invaded in 963, ending the kingdom.

Rulers

**Sovereigns in Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907-960**
Temple Names ( Miao Hao å»Ÿè™Ÿ miao4 hao4)	Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao è«¡è™Ÿ)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao å¹´è™Ÿ) and their according range of years
Did not exist	Prince Wuxin (æ¦ä¿¡çŽ‹)	Gao Jixing (é«˜å£èˆˆ)	909-928	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Wenxian (æ–‡ç»çŽ‹)	Gao Conghui (é«˜å¾žèª¨)	928-948	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Zhenyi (è²žæ‡¿çŽ‹)	Gao Baorong (é«˜ä¿èž)	948-960	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Zhenan (è²žå®‰çŽ‹)	Gao Baoxu (é«˜ä¿å‹—)	960-962	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Deren (å¾·ä»çŽ‹)	Gao Jichong (é«˜ç¹¼æ²–)	962-963	Did not exist

Rulers family tree

Gao Jixing é«˜å£èˆˆ b.858-d.929
WÇ”xÃ¬ng æ¦ä¿¡
r.924-928

Gao Baoxu é«˜ä¿å‹— 924-962
Zhenan è²žå®‰çŽ‹
r.960-962

Gao Baorong é«˜ä¿èž 920-960
Zhenyi è²žæ‡¿çŽ‹
r.948-960

Gao Jichong é«˜ç¹¼æ²– 943â€“973
Deren å¾·ä»çŽ‹
r.962-963

Notes

References

Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press. pp. 11, 16. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.

External links

Ulrich Theobald. "Chinese History - Ten States ååœ‹ - Jingnan èŠå— (Nanping å—å¹³) (www.chinaknowledge.de)". chinaknowledge.de. Retrieved 2015-07-11.

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Five Dynasties	Later Liang Later Tang Later Jin Later Han Later Zhou

Ten Kingdoms (States)	Wu Former Shu Chu Wuyue Min Southern Han Jingnan Later Shu Southern Tang Northern Han

Other states	Jin Qi Zhao Yan Yin

De facto independent entities	Yiwu Jiedushi Dingnan Jiedushi Qingyuan Jiedushi Jinghai Jiedushi Wuping Jiedushi Guiyi Jiedushi

Neighboring states	Balhae Gansu Uyghur Kingdom Liao dynasty Tibetan kingdoms Dali NgÃ´ dynasty

Histories	Old History of the Five Dynasties New History of the Five Dynasties Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms Wudai Huiyao

Xia â†’ Shang â†’ Zhou â†’ Qin â†’ Han â†’ 3 Kingdoms â†’ JÃ¬n / 16 Kingdoms â†’ N. & S. Dynasties â†’ Sui â†’ Tang â†’ 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms â†’ Liao / Song / W. Xia / JÄ«n â†’ Yuan â†’ Ming â†’ Qing â†’ Modern China

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