Jingnan

Nanping
南平
← 924–963 →
Capital		Jingzhou
Languages		Middle Chinese
Government		Monarchy
King
•	909-928	Gao Jixing
•	928-948	Gao Conghui
•	948-960	Gao Baorong
•	960-962	Gao Baoxu
•	962-963	Gao Jichong
Historical era		Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
•	Established	924 924
•	Ended by the Song Dynasty	963 963

Jingnan (simplified Chinese: 荆南; traditional Chinese: 荊南; pinyin: Jīngnán) (also called Nanping (南平)) was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created in 924, marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907-960).

Founding

Gao Jichang, also known as Gao Jixing (高季興), was appointed the regional military governor of Jiangling in 907 by the Later Liang, which took over northern China in the wake of the Tang Dynasty. He declared the foundation of the Kingdom of Jingnan (or Nanping) in 924 after the Later Liang fell to the Later Tang.

Territorial Extent

Jingnan was the smallest of the longer-lived southern kingdoms. Its capital was Jiangling, and in addition to the capital, it held two neighboring districts on the Yangtze River southwest of present-day Wuhan. In addition to bordering the succession of five dynasties beginning with the Later Tang, it also shared borders with the Chu kingdom to the south, though that was replaced by the Southern Tang when it absorbed the kingdom in 951. It was also bordered by the Later Shu on the west after it was formed in 934.

Importance

Jingnan was a small and weak state, and in many ways was vulnerable to its larger, more powerful neighbors. As such, the court placed great importance in maintaining proper relations with the succession of dynasties that ruled northern China. However, because of its location, Jingnan was a central hub in trade, a feature that protected it from invasion.

Fall of the Kingdom

The Song Dynasty was formed in 960, ending the Five Dynasties period in the north, and though that is the date traditionally used to denote the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, many kingdoms in the south maintained their independence for nearly two decades after the rise of the Song Dynasty. However, due to its size and location, Jingnan was the first of the kingdoms to succumb to the Song Dynasty, surrendering when armies from the north invaded in 963, ending the kingdom.

Rulers

Sovereigns in Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907-960

Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4)	Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Did not exist	Prince Wuxin (武信王)	Gao Jixing (高季興)	909-928	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Wenxian (文獻王)	Gao Conghui (高從誨)	928-948	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Zhenyi (貞懿王)	Gao Baorong (高保融)	948-960	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Zhenan (貞安王)	Gao Baoxu (高保勗)	960-962	Did not exist
Did not exist	Prince Deren (德仁王)	Gao Jichong (高繼沖)	962-963	Did not exist

Rulers family tree

Notes

References

• Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press. pp. 11, 16. ISBN 0-674-01212-7.

External links

• Ulrich Theobald. "Chinese History - Ten States 十國 - Jingnan 荊南 (Nanping 南平) (www.chinaknowledge.de)". chinaknowledge.de. Retrieved 2015-07-11.