Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg

Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg
Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg, painted as crown prince by Lucas Cranach the Elder in 1520
Spouse(s)	Magdalena of Saxony Hedwig of Poland
Noble family	House of Hohenzollern
Father	Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg
Mother	Elizabeth of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
Born	13 January 1505 Cölln
Died	3 January 1571 (aged 65) Köpenick Palace

A reformed Joachim II receives the Eucharist under both kinds, the Bread and the Cup, in St.Nicholas' Church in Spandau.

Joachim II Hector (German: Joachim II Hector or Hektor; 13 January 1505 – 3 January 1571) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1535–1571), the sixth member of the House of Hohenzollern. Joachim II was the eldest son of Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg and his wife Elizabeth of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Biography

Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg, 1550

Joachim II was born in Cölln. His first marriage was to Magdalena of Saxony from the ducal Albertine line of the House of Wettin.

His father, Joachim I Nestor, made Joachim Hector sign an inheritance contract in which he promised to remain Roman Catholic. This was intended in part to assist Joachim Nestor's younger brother, the Archbishop-Elector Albert of Mainz, who had incurred huge debts with the banking house of Fugger in order to pay the Holy See for his elevation to the episcopal see of Halberstadt and dispensation permitting him to accumulate the sees of Magdeburg and Mainz.

Joachim Nestor, who had co-financed this accumulation of offices, agreed to recover these costs from the population of his electorate by permitting the sale of indulgences. In the neighbouring Electorate of Saxony, Elector John Frederick I forbade the sale of indulgences, not because he disagreed with them in principle, but because his candidate for the see of Mainz had been outbid for the position by Albert of Mainz. However, John Frederick's subject Martin Luther persuaded the Elector to reject indulgences. Thus the financing of the investment and fulfillment of the credit contracts with Fugger depended on the sale of indulgences to Catholic believers in Brandenburg. However, had Joachim Hector not signed this pact, he would likely have been passed over in the line of inheritance.

Joachim Hector's first wife Magdalena died in 1534, and in 1535 he married Hedwig of Poland, daughter of Sigismund I the Old of Poland and the Hungarian Countess Barbara Zápolya (sister of the King John I of Hungary). As the Jagiellon dynasty was Catholic, Joachim II promised Sigismund that he would not make Hedwig change her religious affiliation.

With the deaths of his father Joachim Nestor (1535) and father-in-law Sigismund (1548), Joachim turned gradually to the Protestant Reformation. On 1 November 1539, he received Communion under both kinds in Spandau's St. Nicholas' Church, an act that indicated a degree of sympathy with the new religious ideas. However, Joachim did not explicitly adopt Lutheranism until 1555, so as not to force an open confrontation with his ally Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Prior to this, Joachim promulgated a conservative church order that was Lutheran in doctrine, but retained many traditional religious institutions and observances, such as the episcopate, much of the Mass in Latin, religious plays and feast days.

In early 1539, at the diet of princes of imperial immediacy (Fürstentag) of the Holy Roman Empire in Frankfurt upon Main, the Lutheran Philipp Melanchthon revealed to the gathered princes (among them Joachim) that the anti-Jewish pogroms of 1510 in the Margraviate of Brandenburg had been based on a feigned host desecration. This pogrom had resulted in the expulsion of the Jews from the Margraviate of Brandenburg. The Jewish advocate Josel von Rosheim, who was also in attendance, pleaded privately with Joachim to allow the Jews to settle in the Margraviate again. Joachim acceded to this request on 25 June 1539.^[1]

In 1526 the Hungarian armies were defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Mohács, and the King Louis II died in the field. The vacant throne of Hungary was claimed by the uncle of Joachim II Hector′s wife, who was crowned as John I of Hungary. However the Habsburgs claimed for themselves the crown and decided to fight back the Turkish armies that had invaded the Hungarian Kingdom. Then, in 1542 Joachim assisted the emperor's brother Ferdinand I in the fight against the Ottomans at the Siege of Buda (1541). He commanded an army of Austrian, Hungarian, German, Bohemian, Italian and Dalmatian troops, but the Elector was not a seasoned warrior and eventually beat a retreat.^[2] He again was defeated by the Ottomans in the Siege of Pest in 1542.

In 1545 Joachim held a gala double wedding celebration for his two children, John George and Barbara. They were married to Sophie and George, both children of the Silesian Piast Duke of Liegnitz, Frederick II.

In 1569 Joachim gained King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland as brother-in-law. Joachim then paid Sigismund for a deed of enfeoffment so that the prince-elector and his issue would inherit Ducal Prussia in the case of the extinction of the Prussian Hohenzollern line.

Joachim died in Köpenick in the palace which he had built there in 1558.

Marriages and Children

Magdalena of Saxony, first wife of Joachim II Hector  Hedwig of Poland, second wife of Joachim II Hector

With Magdalena of Saxony (1507-1534):

• John George, Elector of Brandenburg (1525–1598), had issue
• Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg (1527–1595), had issue
• Elisabeth (1528–1529)
• Frederick IV of Brandenburg (1530–1552), Archbishop of Magdeburg and Bishop of Halberstadt
• Albrecht (1532-1532)
• Georg (1532-1532)
• Paul (1534-1534)

With Hedwig Jagiellon (1513–1573):

• Elisabeth Magdalena (1537–1595), married Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg,
• Sigismund (1538–1566), Archbishop of Magdeburg and Bishop of Halberstadt
• Hedwig (1540–1602), married Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg,
• Sophia (1541–1564), married William of Rosenberg,
• Joachim (1543–1544)
• unnamed daughter, born in 1545

Ancestry

Ancestors of Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg

16. Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg               8. Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg                       17. Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut               4. John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg                             18. Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden               9. Margaret of Baden                       19. Catherine de Lorraine               2. Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg                                   20. Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (= 28)               10. William III, Landgrave of Thuringia                       21. Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (= 29)               5. Margaret of Thuringia                             22. Albert II of Germany               11. Anne, Duchess of Luxembourg                       23. Elizabeth of Luxembourg               1. Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg                                         24. Theoderic, Count of Oldenburg               12. Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden                       25. Helvig of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg               6. John, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden                             26. John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach               13. Dorothea of Brandenburg                       27. Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg               3. Elizabeth of Denmark, Norway and Sweden                                   28. Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and Margrave of Meißen (= 20)               14. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony                       29. Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (= 21)               7. Christina of Saxony                             30. Ernest,_Duke_of_Austria               15. Margarete of Austria                       31. Cymburgis_of_Masovia

References

1. Eugen Wolbe, Geschichte der Juden in Berlin und in der Mark Brandenburg, Berlin: Kedem, 1937, p. 64.
2. History of Hungary 1526–1686, Zsigmond Pach and Ágnes R. Várkonyi (eds.), Budapest: Akadémia Publisher, 1985. ISBN 963-05-0929-6

Further reading

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Cüstrin". Encyclopædia Britannica 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 445.

External links

• Joachim Hector co-inherits Ducal Prussia
• "Portrait of Magdalena of Saxony" (PDF).