Johannes Stroux

Johannes Stroux
Born Johannes Franz Stroux
(1886-08-25)25 August 1886
Hagenau, Germany
Died 25 August 1954(1954-08-25) (aged 68)
Berlin, Germany
Nationality German
Fields Classicist
Institutions
Alma mater University of Strasbourg
University of Goettingen

Johannes Stroux (25 August 1886 – 25 August 1954) was a German classicist, scholar of Roman law and organizer of scientific projects and organizations. In 1945 he became rector of the Berlin University and president of the Berlin Academy of Science.[1]

Life and work

Johannes Stroux (left) with Victor Klemperer (right) at a meeting of the Kulturbund July 1946

Stroux was born in Hagenau in Alsace, which at this time belonged to the German Empire. He studied in Strassburg and Goettingen. In 1914 he became professor at the university of Basel (Switzerland), 1922 in Kiel, 1923 in Jena and 1924 in Munich. In 1935 he moved to Berlin as successor of Eduard Norden.[2] In 1937 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Science. From 1945 to 1947 he acted as rector of the Berlin University, the later Humboldt-University.[3] Stroux replaced his predecessor Eduard Spranger as acting rector in October 1945, when control of the university was shifted from the municipal administration of Berlin (Magistrat) to the newly created East-German educational administration (DZV), which was itself controlled by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD).[4] On 29. January 1945 Stroux reopened the Berlin university, which was closed because of war damages on buildings, necessary reorganizations and denazification, which was demanded be the Allies. He acted as elected rector until 1947.[5][6][7]

From 1945 to 1951 Stroux was president of the Berlin Academy of Science (before 1946 called Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, then Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin).[8][9][10][11]

Organization of Science

In different positions Stroux was a part of the international long-term project Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL), the most comprehensive dictionary of the Latin language as well as other similar projects. From 1934–1949 Stroux was president of the commission of the German academies for the TLL.[12]

Stroux became 1939 representative of the German academies for the Union Académique Internationale (UAI) and was in same year elected as vicepresident of the UAI.[13]

Political Activity

As one of vicepresidents of the East-German Kulturbund Stroux became a member of the parliament of the GDR, the People's Chamber.[14]

Scientific Work

Stroux published scientific works in the field of Latin language and literature, Roman law, papyrology and epigraphy.[15] One of his most successful works was a book with the title summum ius summum iniuria. It was about the introduction of the concept of equity into Roman Law from Greece through the school of rhetoric.[16]

From 1929 until 1954 on he edited the de:Philologus, an academic journal for classical philology, existing from 1848 until today. In this journal Stroux published also many of his own articles. In the 20th he was one of the editors of the journal Gnomon and later editor of the more popular journal de:Die Antike.[17][18][19][20][21]

Scientific networking

In the intellectual discussion circle Berliner Mittwochsgesellschaft (1863–1944), member since 1937,[22] he met with scientists like Werner Heisenberg, Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Eugen Fischer and Eduard Spranger and also with some of the people, who planned to overthrow the NS-regime in the 20 July plot of 1944: Johannes Popitz, Ulrich von Hassell, Jens Jessen and General Ludwig Beck.[23]

Memberships and Merits

In 1950 Stroux was awarded the National Prize of East Germany.[24] and the Order of Polonia Restituta, 1954 the Patriotic Order of Merit of the GDR.[25] He was elected as member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1929) and 1930 elected as corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute, the Academia dei Lincei in Rome and the Kungl. Humanistiska Vetenskapssamfundet Lund. 1937 he became member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Strassburger wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, 1954 member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.[26]

Major Works

References

  1. ↑ Sören Flachowsky: Der Wissenschaftsorganisator Johannes Stroux an der Berliner Universität 1945–1947. In: Jahrbuch für Universitätsgeschichte. 7/2004. Franz Steiner Verlag, S. 191–214, ISSN 1435-1358, S. 191–214.
  2. ↑ Unterstützung der Berufung von Johannes Stroux zum ordentlichen Professor für klassische Philologie als Nachfolger von Eduard Norden. in: Klein, Helmuth (Hrsg.): Humboldt-Universität. Dokumente 1810-1985, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1985, S. 59. Stroux appointment as professor was supported with a report by Ludwig Deubner and Werner Jaeger against the vote of Ludwig Bieberbach.
  3. ↑ James F. Tent: The Free University of Berlin. A Political History. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1988, ISBN 0-253-32666-4, S. 24–91.
  4. ↑ Reimer Hansen: Von der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zur Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Die Umbenennung der Berliner Universität. 1945 bis 1949, S. 37-39
  5. ↑ Sören Flachowsky: Der Wissenschaftsorganisator Johannes Stroux an der Berliner Universität 1945–1947. In: Jahrbuch für Universitätsgeschichte. 7/2004. Franz Steiner Verlag, S. 191–214, ISSN 1435-1358. S. 202ff.
  6. ↑ Reimer Hansen: Von der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zur Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Die Umbenennung der Berliner Universität. 1945 bis 1949
  7. ↑ Christof Markschies: Eröffnung der Ausstellung »Studieren in Trümmern« S. 15–26.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Knobloch: Biogramm Johannes Stroux. in: Heinz Stiller (Hrsg.) Altertumsforscher – Wissenschaftsorganisator – Humanist: Zum 100. Geburtstag von Johannes Stroux. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1987, S. 32
  9. ↑ Bernd-Rainer Barth: Stroux, Johannes. In: Wer war wer in der DDR? 5. Ausgabe. Band 2, Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4.
  10. ↑ Stroux, Johannes. In: Werner Hartkopf: Die Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften. Ihre Mitglieder und Preisträger 1700–1990. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-05-002153-5, S. 351 f.
  11. ↑ Rudolf Landrock: Die Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1945 bis 1971. Reihe: Analysen und Berichte aus Gesellschaft und Wissenschaf, Dt. Ges. für zeitgeschichtliche Fragen, Erlangen 1977, ISBN 3-88150-017-0, S. 1–57
  12. ↑ Dietfried Krömer, Manfred Flieger(Hrsg.): Thesaurus-Geschichten. Beiträge zu einer Historia Thesauri linguae Latinae von Theodor Bögel (1876–1973). Mit einem Anhang: Personenverzeichnis 1893–1995. Verlag Teubner, Stuttgart und Leipzig 1996, S. 210, ISBN 3-8154-7101-X.
  13. ↑ Sören Flachowsky: Der Wissenschaftsorganisator Johannes Stroux an der Berliner Universität 1945–1947. In: Jahrbuch für Universitätsgeschichte. 7/2004. Franz Steiner Verlag, S. 191–214, ISSN 1435-1358. S. 189–199.
  14. ↑ Stroux, Johannes, in: Helmut Müller-Enbergs, Jan Wielgohs, Dieter Hoffmann, Andreas Herbst, Ingrid Kirschey-Feix (Hg.), Olaf W. Reimann (Mitarb.) : Wer war wer in der DDR ? Ein Lexikon ostdeutscher Biographien, 5. Auflage, Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2010, Band 2, S. 1293–1294.
  15. ↑ Stroux, Johannes, in: Helmut Müller-Enbergs, Jan Wielgohs, Dieter Hoffmann, Andreas Herbst, Ingrid Kirschey-Feix (Hg.), Olaf W. Reimann (Mitarb.) : Wer war wer in der DDR ? Ein Lexikon ostdeutscher Biographien, 5. Auflage, Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2010, Band 2, S. 1293–1294.
  16. ↑ Hessel E. Yntema: Equity in the Civil Law and the Common Law, in: The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (1966 - 1967), pp. 60-86.
  17. ↑ E. G. Schmidt: 100 Jahre Philologus In: Philologus, Band 140, 1994, S. 13
  18. ↑ Anonymous: Johannes Stroux. Herausgeber des Philologus 1929–1954. In: Philologus. Jahrgang 99, 1954/1955. Akademie-Verlag, S. 1.
  19. ↑ Jürgen Dummer: Johannes Stroux in memoriam In: Philologus, 124:2 (1980) S. 290–296.
  20. ↑ Sören Flachowsky: Der Wissenschaftsorganisator Johannes Stroux an der Berliner Universität 1945–1947. In: Jahrbuch für Universitätsgeschichte. 7/2004. Franz Steiner Verlag, S. 191–214, ISSN 1435-1358. S. 197.
  21. ↑ Stroux, Johannes, in: Helmut Müller-Enbergs, Jan Wielgohs, Dieter Hoffmann, Andreas Herbst, Ingrid Kirschey-Feix (Hg.), Olaf W. Reimann (Mitarb.) : Wer war wer in der DDR ? Ein Lexikon ostdeutscher Biographien, 5. Auflage, Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2010, Band 2, S. 1293–1294.
  22. ↑ Klaus Scholder: Die Mittwochsgesellschaft. Protokolle aus dem geistigen Deutschland 1932–1944. Zweite Auflage. Severin und Siedler, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-88680-030-X, S. 29–30
  23. ↑ Klaus Scholder: Die Mittwochsgesellschaft. Protokolle aus dem geistigen Deutschland 1932–1944. Zweite Auflage. Severin und Siedler, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-88680-030-X. The Wednesday society of Berlin as a rule had always 16 members from the area of science, industry, administration, army or literature, every one of these excellent in his area of expertise. The society met every second Wednesday in the private house of one of the members, where one of these held a talk about a subject of his choice. A summary of the talk had to be written into a protocol book. Most of the members were on the conservative side of the political spectrum. After 20 July 1944 the society could not meet anymore; four of their members were arrested and killed later by the NS-regime. The book contains some of the lectures Stroux held there.
  24. ↑ Stroux, Johannes. In: Werner Hartkopf: Die Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften. Ihre Mitglieder und Preisträger 1700–1990. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-05-002153-5, S. 351 f.
  25. ↑ Wolfgang Knobloch: Biogramm Johannes Stroux. in: Heinz Stiller (Hrsg.) Altertumsforscher – Wissenschaftsorganisator – Humanist: Zum 100. Geburtstag von Johannes Stroux. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1987, S. 32
  26. ↑ Wolfgang Knobloch: Biogramm Johannes Stroux. in: Heinz Stiller (Hrsg.) Altertumsforscher – Wissenschaftsorganisator – Humanist: Zum 100. Geburtstag von Johannes Stroux. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1987, S. 32
  27. ↑ http://pao.chadwyck.co.uk/articles/displayItemFromId.do?QueryType=articles&ItemID=0215-1931-086-00-000016

Further reading

External links

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