John Gee

John Laurence^[1] Gee (born 1964)^[2] is a Mormon apologist, and Egyptologist at Brigham Young University (BYU) who is known for his writings in support of the Book of Abraham.^[3][4][5]

Background

Gee graduated from BYU in 1988.^[6] Later, he became a graduate student in Near Eastern Studies at the University of California, Berkeley^[7] and received his M.A.^[8] in Near Eastern Studies^[9] in 1991.^[10] He earned his Ph.D. in Egyptology at Yale University^[8] in 1998, completing his dissertation on ancient Egyptian ritual purity.^[11]

Gee is the William "Bill" Gay Research Professor of Egyptology at the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship at BYU. In this role, he is an editor for the Studies in the Book of Abraham series and a member of the editorial board of the Eastern Christian Texts series.^[12]

Gee has been involved with various professional societies. He is editor of the Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities, and has served on the Society's committees and board of trustees.^[13] He was also on the board of directors for the Aziz S. Atiya Fund for Coptic Studies at the University of Utah.^[14] He has participated in the International Association for Coptic Studies,^[15][16] the Society of Biblical Literature,^[17][18][19] the American Research Center in Egypt,^[20] and the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies.^[21]

Gee has written an overview of Coptic literature.^[22] In May 2008 Gee gave a presentation on the early conversion to Christianity in Egypt at the Coptic Church Centre in London.^[23]

Mormon studies

Gee is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which believes Joseph Smith divinely translated the Book of Abraham from Egyptian papyrus in the 19th century. Because of his expertise in Near Eastern studies and Egyptology, Gee is highly visible in the debate over the authenticity of the Book of Abraham. His interest in these issues led to his involvement with the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) at BYU since the late 1980s.^[24] He has also presented on the Joseph Smith Papyri to the Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research (FAIR).^[25]

In 2010 Gee made a presentation with Louis C. Midgley at the BYU Mormon Media Studies Symposium reporting on their study into the effect of the tendency of Evangelical Christians to attack the right of other groups to call themselves Christians and how this affected Mitt Romney's presidential campaign.^[26]

One of Gee's former Yale professors, Robert K. Ritner, later publicly criticized some of Gee's interpretations of the Joseph Smith Papyri and failure to include Ritner in professional peer reviews of his work, as his other students have.^[27] Based on his own analyses, Ritner has concluded that "the specific source of the Book of Abraham is the 'Breathing Permit of Hôr,' misunderstood and mistranslated by Joseph Smith."^[28]

Works

Papers

• Gee, John (1987). "Creation: The Book of Abraham, Science, and the Ancient Near East". [University scholar project]. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University.
• —— (1991). "Notes on the Sons of Horus". [masters thesis]. Provo, UT: FARMS.
• —— (1998). "The Requirements of Ritual Purity in Ancient Egypt". [doctoral dissertation]. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
• —— (1999). "A History of the Joseph Smith Papyri and Book of Abraham". Provo, UT: FARMS.
• —— (1999). "The Ancient Owners of the Joseph Smith Papyri". Provo, UT: FARMS.
• —— (2004). "'There Needs No Ghost, My Lord, Come from the Grave to Tell Us This': Dreams and Angels in Ancient Egypt" (PDF). Society of Biblical Literature.

Articles

• Gee, John (September 1991). "References to Abraham Found in Two Egyptian Texts". Insights: an Ancient Window (Provo, UT: FARMS).
• —— (Fall 1992). "Limhi in the Library". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Provo, UT: FARMS) 1 (1): 54–66.
• —— (Fall 1992). "A Note on the Name of Nephi". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Provo, UT: FARMS) 1 (1): 189–191.
• —— (July 1992). "Abraham in Ancient Egyptian Texts". Ensign: 60.
• —— (1992). "A Tragedy of Errors". Review of Books on the Book of Mormon (Provo, UT: FARMS) 4: 93–119.
• —— (1995). "Abracadabra, Isaac and Jacob". Review of Books on the Book of Mormon (Provo, UT: FARMS) 7 (1): 19–84.
• —— (1996). "Two Notes on Egyptian Script". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Provo, UT: FARMS) 5 (1): 162–176.
• —— (1996). "Telling the Story of the Joseph Smith Papyri". Review of Books on the Book of Mormon (Provo, UT: FARMS) 8 (2): 46–59.
• —— (1997). "New and Old Light on Shawabtis from Mesoamerica". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Provo, UT: FARMS) 6 (1): 64–69.
• —— (1997). "Another Note on the Three Days of Darkness". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Provo, UT: FARMS) 6 (2): 235–44.
• —— (1998). "'Choose the Things That Please Me': On the Selection of the Isaiah Sections in the Book of Mormon". In Donald W. Parry, John W. Welch. Isaiah in the Book of Mormon. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-29-2.
• —— (February 1999). "Ancient Manuscripts Fit Book of Mormon Pattern". Insights (Provo, UT: FARMS).
• —— (1999). "The Keeper of the Gate". In Donald W. Parry, Stephen D. Ricks. The Temple in Time and Eternity. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-46-2.
• —— (2000). "Eyewitness, Hearsay, and Physical Evidence of the Joseph Smith Papyri". In Stephen D. Ricks, Donald W. Parry, Andrew H. Hedges. The Disciple as Witness: Essays on Latter-day Saint History and Doctrine in Honor of Richard Lloyd Anderson. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-45-4.
• ——; John A. Tvedtnes; Matthew Roper (2000). "Book of Mormon Names Attested in Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 9 (1): 40–51.
• ——; Bezalel Porten (2001). "Aramaic Funerary Practices in Egypt". In P.M. Michèle Daviau, John W. Wevers and Michael Weigl. The World of the Aramaeans. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 1-84127-179-9.
• —— (2001). "Epigraphic Considerations on Janne Sjodahl's Experiment with Nephite Writing". Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 10 (1): 25.
• ——; Stephen D. Ricks (2001). "Historical Plausibility: Historicity of the Book of Abraham as a Case Study". In Paul Y. Hoskisson. Historicity and the Latter-day Saint Scriptures. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. ISBN 1-57734-928-8.
• —— (2001). "Towards an Interpretation of Hypocephali". "Le lotus qui sort du terre": Mélanges offerts à Edith Varga. Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts Supplément-2001. Budapest: Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts. pp. 325–34.
• —— (2002). "The Wrong Type of Book". In Donald W. Parry, Daniel C. Peterson, and John W. Welch. Echoes and Evidences of the Book of Mormon. Provo, Utah: FARMS, Brigham Young University. ISBN 0-934893-72-1.
• ——; Roper, Matthew (2003). "I Did Liken All Scriptures Unto Us: Early Nephite Understandings of Isaiah and Implications for 'Others' in the Land". The Fulness of the Gospel: Foundational Teachings from the Book of Mormon; The 32nd Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book.
• —— (2003). "The Earliest Example of ph-ntr?". Göttinger Miszellen 194: 25–27.
• —— (2004). "Prophets, Initiation and the Egyptian Temple". Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 31: 97–107.
• —— (2004). "Egyptian Society During the Twenty-sixth Dynasty". In John W. Welch, David Rolph Seely, JoAnn H. Seely. Glimpses of Lehi's Jerusalem. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-74-8.
• —— (2004). "A Seething Pot in the North: International Affairs Leading Up to Lehi's Day". In John W. Welch, David Rolph Seely, JoAnn H. Seely. Glimpses of Lehi's Jerusalem. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-74-8.
• —— (2004). "S₃ mi nn: A Temporary Conclusion". Göttinger Miszellen 202: 55–58.
• —— (2004). "Trial Marriage in Ancient Egypt? P. Louvre E 7846 Reconsidered". In Friedrich Hoffmann; Günther Vittmann. Res severa verum gaudium. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters Publishers. pp. 223–31.
• —— (2004). "Notes on the Egyptian Motifs in Mozart's Magic Flute". BYU Studies 43 (3): 149–160.
• —— (2005). "The Corruption of Scripture in Early Christianity". In Noel B. Reynolds. Early Christians in Disarray: Contemporary LDS Perspectives on the Christian Apostasy. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 978-0-934893-02-2.
• —— (2006). "A New Look at the ʿnḫ pꜣ by Formula". In Hedvig Györy. Aegyptus et Pannonia III. Budapest: MEBT-OEB.
• —— (2006). "Non-round Hypocephali". In Hedvig Györy. Aegyptus et Pannonia III. Budapest: MEBT-OEB.
• —— (March 2006). "Context Matters". Review of Biblical Literature. Review of The "Mithras Liturgy": Text, Translation and Commentary, by Hans Dieter Betz.
• —— (2007). "New Light on the Joseph Smith Papyri". FARMS Review 19 (2): 245–260.
• —— (2008). "The Great and Last Sacrifice". In Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Frank F. Judd Jr., and Thomas A. Wayment. "Behold the Lamb of God": An Easter Celebration. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. ISBN 0-8425-2693-5.
• —— (2008). "Love and Marriage in the Ancient World: An Historical Corrective". Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 35.
• —— (2008). "On the Practice of Sealing in the Book of the Dead and the Coffin Texts". Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 35.
• ——; Kerry Muhlestein (2009). "Egyptian Middle Kingdom Contexts for Human Sacrifice". Studies in the Bible and Antiquity 1 (1).
• —— (2010). "James, First and Second Peter, and Jude: Epistles of Persecution". In Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Thomas A. Wayment. The Life and Teachings of the New Testament Apostles: From the Day of Pentecost to the Apocalypse. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book. ISBN 978-1-60641-824-6.
• ——; Kerry Muhlestein (2011). "An Egyptian Context for the Sacrifice of Abraham". Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture 20 (2): 70–77.

Books

• Gee, John (2000). A Guide to the Joseph Smith Papyri. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-54-3.
• ——; John A. Tvedtnes; Brian M. Hauglid (2001). Traditions About the Early Life of Abraham. Studies in the Book of Abraham; No. 1. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-59-4.
• ——; Hauglid, Brian M. (2005). Astronomy, Papyrus, and Covenant. Studies in the Book of Abraham; No. 3. Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 0-934893-76-4.
• Nibley, Hugh (2005). ——; Rhodes, Michael D., eds. The Message of the Joseph Smith Papyri: An Egyptian Endowment (2nd ed.). Provo, Utah: FARMS. ISBN 1-59038-539-X.

See also

• Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS)

Notes

1. "Traditions about the Early Life of Abraham". Google Book Search. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
2. "Gee, John (John Laurence), 1964-". Library of Congress Online Catalog (Library of Congress) (&SA=Gee%2C%20John%20Laurence&PID=pr_PFyyNdv5l_9caZFCj–oyiUFak&SID=2). Retrieved 2009-04-09.
3. Keller (June 19, 2008). "John Gee at Olivewood". FAIR Blog. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
4. Hardy, Roger L. (June 20, 2008). "BYU scholar researching Book of Abraham origins". MormonTimes (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News). Retrieved 2009-04-06.
5. "Book of Abraham - Section 2". The Mormon Curtain. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
6. "FARMS Report". BYU Magazine (Brigham Young University). Winter 2002. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
7. Gee, John (1994). "La Trahison des Clercs: On the Language and Translation of the Book of Mormon". FARMS Review 6 (1): 51–120. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
8. "About the Reviewers". Review of Books on the Book of Mormon (Provo, UT: FARMS) 4 (1): 273. 1992. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
9. Gee, John (July 1992). "Abraham in Ancient Egyptian Texts". Ensign: 60. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
10. Gee's 1991 "Notes on the Sons of Horus" was his master's thesis. See Shirts, Kerry A. (2001). "With His Own Thoughts, Upon the Sources of Anti-Mormonism, Muddying Up the Issues on the Papyrus". Kerry A. Shirts's Mormonism Researched. Retrieved 2009-04-09.; Gee, John (1991). "Notes on the Sons of Horus". Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies.
11. Gee, John Laurence (1998). "The Requirements of Ritual Purity in Ancient Egypt". Yale University. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
12. "Gee, John". Authors. Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
13. "About the SSEA". The Society For The Study of Egyptian Antiquities. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
14. Gee, John (2007). "New Light on the Joseph Smith Papyri". FARMS Review 19 (2): 245–260. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
15. "Newsletter Bulletin D'Information" (PDF) (32). International Association for Coptic Studies. November 1993. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
16. "Newsletter Bulletin D'Information" (35). International Association for Coptic Studies. May 1995. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
17. "Annual Meeting Seminar Papers and Websites". Society of Biblical Literature. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
18. "2007 Annual Meeting". Society of Biblical Literature. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
19. "Annual Meeting Program Unit Chairs" (PDF). Society Report (Society of Biblical Literature). November 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
20. "Stylistic Dating of Greco-Roman Stele II: Heads and Hands" (paper presented at the American Research Center in Egypt Annual Meetings, Atlanta, Georgia, 25 April 2003)
21. See 2007 lectures at "Past Lectures". David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
22. link to article
23. program for Coptic Symposium
24. Gee, John (2007). "New Light on the Joseph Smith Papyri". FARMS Review 19 (2): 245–260. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
25. "FAIR Conference Speakers". Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research. 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
26. Deseret News. Nov. 14, 2010
27. In an article highly critical of Joseph Smith's interpretation of Egyptian writing, Ritner wrote, "With regard to the articles by my former student John Gee, I am constrained to note that unlike the… practice of all my other Egyptology students, Gee never chose to share drafts of his publications with me to elicit scholarly criticism, so that I have encountered these only recently. It must be understood that in these apologetic writings, Gee’s opinions do not necessarily reflect my own, nor the standards of Egyptological proof that I required at Yale or Chicago." Ritner, Robert K. (Winter 2000). "The 'Breathing Permit of Hôr': Thirty-four Years Later". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 33 (4): 97–119. Retrieved 2009-04-06. Republished with revised introduction in Ritner, Robert K. (July 2003). "'The Breathing Permit of Hôr' Among The Joseph Smith Papyri". Journal of Near Eastern Studies 62 (3): 161–180. doi:10.1086/380315. See also this BYU review of Ritner's critique in Morris, Larry E. (2004). "The Book of Abraham: Ask the Right Questions and Keep On Looking". FARMS Review 16 (2): 355–80. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
28. Ritner, Robert K., A Response to "Translation and Historicity of the Book of Abraham", retrieved 2016-01-19

External links

• Author profile at FARMS
• Works by or about John Gee in libraries (WorldCat catalog)